* A Distributed Proofreaders Canada eBook *

This eBook is made available at no cost and with very few restrictions. These restrictions apply only if (1) you make a change in the eBook (other than alteration for different display devices), or (2) you are making commercial use of the eBook. If either of these conditions applies, please contact a https://www.fadedpage.com administrator before proceeding. Thousands more FREE eBooks are available at https://www.fadedpage.com.

This work is in the Canadian public domain, but may be under copyright in some countries. If you live outside Canada, check your country's copyright laws. IF THE BOOK IS UNDER COPYRIGHT IN YOUR COUNTRY, DO NOT DOWNLOAD OR REDISTRIBUTE THIS FILE.

This eBook was produced by: Marcia Brooks, David T. Jones, Howard Ross & the online Distributed Proofreaders Canada team at https://www.pgdpcanada.net

Illustrated.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

CITY OF TORONTO.

AMES ACHESON was born in the County of Leitrim, Ireland, in 1810, being the sixth in a family of ten children. His parents were Thomas Acheson and Elizabeth Clark. In 1822 the family came to Canada and located on a cleared farm of two hundred and fifty acres near Brockville, where the mother died, aged ninety-four; in 1841 the father returned to Ireland, where he died at the age of eighty-six. James Acheson spent his early life on the farm, and was educated in the common schools. In 1827 he went to Brockville to learn the trade of a tanner with Isaac Beacher; he spent four years there. In 1831 he came to Toronto and began work with the late Jesse Ketchum. In 1839 he started business for himself, east of the Don, in a tannery owned by one John Smith; but in two years he gave it up and went to Ireland for his health, where he remained eighteen months. On his return he built a tannery on Yonge Street and ran it for three years, at the end of which Mr. Ketchum gave him his business. He carried that on for three years, and then removed to Charles Small’s farm on the Kingston Road, where he built a tannery, which was soon afterwards burned down. He then occupied a tannery which was built on the present site of the Union Station. When that property was sold to the Grand Trunk Railway he went to Acton, where he built a tannery in partnership with Alexander McGlashan. On the latter’s death, at the expiration of five years, Mr. Acheson retired and removed to Toronto, where he now lives at 40 Maitland Street. In politics he is a Reformer. In 1845 he married Mary, daughter of John Hamilton, by whom he had one child, now dead.

William Case Adams, dentist, was born in the Methodist parsonage at Lundy’s Lane, near Niagara, on the 18th October, 1823, and is the third son of the Rev. Ezra Adams, U. E. Loyalist and Methodist minister, whose first circuit, in 1814, extended from Rama, on Lake Simcoe, down Yonge Street to York, and west to St. Catharines and Newark (now Niagara), thence to Queenston and on to Long Point, taking six weeks for the trip. Owing to the lack of postal communication, Mr. Adams carried letters for such as wished, this being the only way then of conveying news to friends at a distance. The early education of Dr. Adams was chiefly by his mother, who was a school teacher previous to her marriage. After spending some time studying he went to Victoria College, Cobourg, and from thence to Highblue, Missouri, where he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Berryman. He returned to Canada and finally turned his attention to dentistry, studying about a year with Dr. Harris and a year with a Dr. Jones, when he settled in Toronto, on King Street, in 1854. In 1870 he was elected one of the teachers in the Dental College and Infirmary, which position he held until 1873. Dr. Adams is possessed of considerable mechanical skill, and has invented an appliance for removing roots and decayed stumps of teeth. With this instrument stumps and roots can be removed from the mouth with ease when all other known methods have failed. He was admitted a member of the American Dental Convention at Saratoga, which society changed its name from the American National Dental Convention in order to admit him and others from Canada. He is also a member of the Masonic body and Royal Arcanum, and is a member of the Methodist Church.

William Adamson, wharfinger, was born in Heden, Yorkshire, England, in 1822, being the second son in a family of six children. In the following year his father, Joseph Adamson, who was a doctor, came to Canada with his family, and located in the township of Toronto, where he continued the practice of his profession until his death in 1852. He purchased four hundred acres of land in that township; those farms are now in the possession of his sons James and Alfred, and his daughter, Mrs. Shyman. During the Rebellion Dr. Adamson served as a surgeon in the First Battalion of Incorporated Militia, under his brother, the Hon. Peter Adamson, who was colonel of the regiment. The Hon. Peter J. Adamson, R.J.S., was a member of the Legislative Council of Upper Canada until the Union in 1841; he came to Canada in 1821. Before he came out he had served for many years in the British army; he entered at the age of fifteen and rose to the rank of Major in the 71st Highlanders and Lieutenant-General in the Portuguese service. In 1853 the subject of this sketch was married to Rachael, eldest daughter of Wm. Rutherford, by whom he had five sons and two daughters living. He served during the Rebellion in the First Battalion of Incorporated Militia as lieutenant under his uncle. It was in 1854 that he began business as a wharfinger. In religion Mr. Adamson is a member of the Church of England; in politics he is a Conservative. From 1864 to the present time he has represented St. David’s and St. Thomas’ Wards in the City Council.

Major D. H. Allan is a native of Perth County, Ontario. His father, the late Rev. Daniel Allan, of Goderich, was one of the pioneer Presbyterian clergyman of Western Ontario. After several years of missionary service, he was for about forty years pastor of the North Easthope Presbyterian congregation. On retiring, which he did some nine years ago, he took up his residence in Goderich, which he died on the 10th of December last, at the advanced age of seventy-nine years. His son, the subject of our present sketch, has been a resident of this city since 1866, and for two years studied law in the office of Paterson, Harrison & Paterson. For some reason or another he gave up the idea of following the legal profession and engaged in business as real estate agent, in which line he has been more than ordinarily successful. Major Allan joined the Queen’s Own Rifles as a private at the time of the Fenian Raids of 1855, and has kept up his connection with the regiment ever since; his soldierly and earnest attention given to all matters that would add to the reputation of the corps, receiving due reward in promotion as rapid as it is was deserved. He now holds a first-class Military School certificate and is Senior Major of his regiment

Jerome Alley, 519 Sherbourne Street, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1810. He came to Canada in 1830, and taking an official position under Government served the State in various departments until 1874, when he retired. Mr. Alley has six children living, three sons and three daughters, viz., Henry R., Education Department; John A. M., accountant, Federal Bank: Alfred R., insurance agent, Chicago; Celia; Emma; and Kate, wife of Allan Harvey, Bank of British North America, London, England.

James Armstrong was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, 1813, and came to Canada in 1832. During the voyage he had a terrible experience of the dreaded disease cholera, which broke out on the vessel, and out of three hundred passengers thirty-one were committed to the deep. He was a farmer in Ireland and for some short time followed that occupation here, afterwards conducting a saw-mill in Bear Creek, which he continued some years. During the Rebellion of ’37 our subject was in 101 Company, commanded by Major Gurnett, and was on guard during the execution of Lount and Matthews. After this affair was over Mr. Armstrong settled in Toronto. In 1840 he married Ann Durnan, whose father had charge of the lighthouse until 1854. Mr. Armstrong retired from business about six years ago, selling his farm for some property. He has two sons in Toronto. He is a member of the Conservative Party, and in religion belongs to the Presbyterian Church.

Thomas Armstrong is a native of Fermanagh, Ireland, being the only son of John Armstrong, merchant, who came to Toronto about 1825, and died in 1848. He was a member of the first Council of this city on receiving its charter of incorporation, and represented the Ward of St. Andrew’s until the time of his death; the Ward showing its appreciation of his success and honouring his memory by electing his son as successor. Mr. Thomas Armstrong in 1880 was appointed to a position in the Custom House.

G. W. Badgerow, M.P.P., is a native of this county, born near Markham. His father, a native of the State of New York, came to Canada in 1810. Our subject received his professional education in this city, in the same building as his office is now located (Ontario Hall). He was called to the bar in 1871, and has since practised his profession in this city. He is Past Grand Master of the United Workmen. He was elected a member of the Provincial Parliament in 1879 and re-elected in 1883. He is a member of the law firm of Badgerow & Galbraith.

Allen Baines, M.D., CM., L.R.C.P., London, England, is a native of Toronto, being the youngest son of the late Thomas Baines, one of the pioneers of the brewing interest in this city, who was born in Shropshire, England, and came to Canada in 1826, and for a number of years was Crown Land Agent. He died in Toronto in 1866, at the age of sixty-seven. Dr. Allen Baines was educated at Mr. Barron’s school, Cobourg, and at the Upper Canada College, Toronto. He graduated M.B. in 1878 at Toronto University, and M.D., CM. in 1878 at Trinity College, Toronto. He studied at St. Thomas Hospital, London, England, and while there acquired, in 1879, L.R.C.P., London. He returned to this city and commenced practice in 1882. He is at present physician in attendance at the Home for Incurables, Toronto Dispensary, and Infants’ Home.

Dr. James Buchanan Baldwin is the son of William Augustus, second son of Dr. William Warren Baldwin. William Augustus Baldwin was twice married; his first wife was Isabel Clarke Buchanan, daughter of James Buchanan, British Consul, New York, by whom he had the following children: Phœbe, now Mrs. Lefroy, living in Toronto; James Buchanan, living in Toronto; W. Augustus, M.D.; Robert Russel; Æmilias, living in Muskoka; Isabel E., married to her third cousin, William Ross Baldwin, agent for the Duke of Devonshire, and now living in Ireland. His first wife died in 1850. By his second wife—Margaret Fry McLeod, daughter of Captain McLeod, Drynoch, Isle of Skye, of the 93rd Highlanders—he had the following children: Jane McLeod, now Mrs. Martin Graham, living in Rome, New York; Bessie, now living in the old homestead; Anna Maria Martin, who died 1883; Lawrence, living in the old home; Margaret, Norman, Charles and John. Dr. James Buchanan Baldwin was born in Toronto, July 14th, 1839. In 1872 he married the second daughter of Hon. J. C. Morrison of the Court of Appeal.

John Spread Baldwin, second son of Robert Baldwin, was married in 1822, to Ann, daughter of Major-General Shaw, and widow of Dr. Scott of the Royal Navy, by whom he had the following children: Harriet E., dead; John, dead; Edmund, dead; Louisa Isabella, dead; John Maurice; Frederick A., dead; and Arthur Henry. Edmund Baldwin was born in Toronto in 1826, and married Miss Grasett, by whom he had two children, Dr. E. St. George Baldwin, 51 Baldwin Street, and Rev. Henry Grasett.

The Hon. Robert Baldwin was born in Toronto, May 12th, 1804, at the old home on the corner of Front and Frederick Streets, and died December 9th, 1858. He had the following children: Maria, died 1865; William Willcocks Baldwin, Osgoode Hall; Augusta B., wife of the Hon. John Ross; Robert, 22 Carleton Street. William Willcocks Baldwin was born May 20th, 1830. Up till 1864 he was farming, but since that year he has held the position of Distributor of Law Stamps at Osgoode Hall.

Robert Baldwin, deceased, came with his family from the County of Cork, Ireland (where the Baldwins, of Norman descent, had lived for generations), in 1799, and settled on a farm in the Township of Clark. He had the following children: William Warren; Eliza, afterwards Mrs. John Morgan; Alice Anna Maria; John Spread, father of the late Canon Baldwin, of the present Bishop of Huron and of the Rev. A. H. Baldwin, of All Saints’ Church; Mary Warren. All his other surviving children also came to Canada between 1817 and 1819: Captain Augustus Baldwin (afterwards Admiral Baldwin); Captain Henry Baldwin; and Mrs. Sullivan, the mother of the late Judge Sullivan. William Warren Baldwin was born in the County of Cork, Ireland, in 1771, and graduated with the degree of M.D. at Edinburgh, Scotland. After coming to Canada he began to practise his profession and subsequently adopted that of law; and it often happened that while attending to a case in one of the law courts he would be called away to attend to the case of a sick person. In 1803 he married Phœbe Margaret, daughter of William Willcocks. At his death in January, 1844, he left two sons, the Hon. Robert Baldwin and William A. Baldwin.

Jerrold Ball, M.D., is a native of York County, having been born on his father’s old farm, where he lived until he was fifteen years of age. He attended the Public Schools and Grammar School in this city, matriculating in Toronto University in 1870, and graduating as M.B. four years later. He began the practice of medicine in 1875, which he has since continued with success. In 1881 he married Miss Emily Moore, of Toronto.

J. Balmer, Superintendent of the Necropolis, was born in County Down, Ireland, on the 8th March, 1819. He joined Her Majesty’s 38th Regiment of Foot in November, 1839. The Regiment until 1848 was stationed at Gibraltar, Ionian Islands, and Jamaica, when it was sent to Canada, and was stationed at Halifax for two years, then returned to England. Mr. Balmer remained in Canada, and joined the Royal Canadian Rifles. He was stationed at St. Johns, near Montreal. In 1856, when the Hudson Bay Company applied to the British Government for troops to protect their interests, which were threatened by the Indians, Mr. Balmer was one of the hundred men who were sent by the Government, and who arrived at York Factory on the shores of Hudson Bay in August, 1857. After remaining at York Factory for two weeks, they went to Fort Garry where they remained four years. In 1861 he returned to St. Johns, and completed his time, receiving his discharge with Sergeant’s pension in January, 1865. In 1870 he came to Toronto, and in the following year became superintendent of the Necropolis, which position he still holds. In 1851 Mr. Balmer was married at St. Johns to a daughter of Robert Carey, of Sligo, Ireland. He has three sons, two of whom are Methodist ministers. The elder, Robert Henry, is stationed at St. William’s (1884), and the other, William John, is an Undergraduate of Victoria University, Cobourg. His third son, George Francis, is a student in Upper Canada College, preparing for the University. His eldest daughter married Rev. J. B. Avison, who was pastor of the Don Mills Church (Methodist). He died in 1882. Mrs. Avison was again married to Rev. James Liddy, Methodist minister, in September, 1884. His second daughter Lina is married to G. T. Pendrith, machinist, of Toronto.

William Barchard, retired, was born in Ross, Yorkshire, England, in 1810. He was the fourth child of his father’s family. His parents were Peter and Ross (Turner) Barchard. In 1829 he married Sarah Calvert, born August 21st, 1810. He and his wife came to Canada in 1833, and on Saturday, August 11th, landed at Toronto; the steamer “William IV.” was burned to the water’s edge that night. He first located on a farm in Vaughan Township, about three miles from Stone Hollow, where he worked for fourteen months for Aaron Barker, who was married to his wife’s sister, and who paid him at the rate of $100 a year. He then went to work for a Dutchman named Baker, who was in the saw-mill business. In 1858 he began business for himself on the lot he now occupies, the whole extent of his capital at that time being $700. With this sum he purchased a lot of lumber, and making it into boxes sold them to the city merchants; on this he realized such a profit as to form a foundation for what is now a prosperous business. Mr. Barchard is a Reformer, and a member of the Methodist Church. By his marriage he had twelve children, of whom seven are now living. His eldest son, John Barchard, was living in Cincinnati at the breaking out of the American Civil War. He enlisted in the cavalry, and reached the rank of Captain, but was never heard of after the Battle of Gettysburg. Another son, George Edward, a brakeman, was killed at Nipissing by falling from a car. There are now two sons at home, William D. Henry, and Isaac James.

John Barron was born in Cumberland, England, in 1827. In 1832 his parents, John and Ann (Robson) Barron, came to Canada with their family, consisting of one son and four daughters. The family settled in Little York, and for ten years occupied a house in George Street, between Queen and Duchess Streets, which is still standing. About 1842 the father, who had been a farmer in England, took up fifty acres of land outside the city, on the east side of Yonge Street, where he lived until his death in 1862, aged sixty-nine years; his wife died in 1872. John Barron, our subject, was educated in Toronto, and until he was twenty-five years of age worked with his father on the farm. In the spring of 1852 he came to the city and began the business in the Market Square, remaining there for twenty-five years, when he removed to his present stand, 149 King Street East. Mr. Barron married Hannah Bond Herron, whose father was born in Toronto in 1807; she was the grand-niece of Captain Bond, who received large grants of land from the Crown. Mr. Barron has two sons and two daughters living in Toronto, John and William, Mary and Minnie. He is a member of the Methodist Church.

Charles R. Bell, real estate and insurance agent, was born in Milton, Cumberland, England, in 1820, being the only child of George and Mary (Ruddick) Bell. In 1835, when nearly sixteen years of age, he enlisted in the Cumberland Regiment, which, when formed, was known as the “Cumberland Sharpshooters.” In 1837 our subject, being an acting corporal, joined the regiment which was then stationed at Halifax. After spending some time in cities in the Maritime Provinces, he came to Toronto in the winter of 1837-38 and was made a staff-sergeant, and was afterwards stationed at Amherstburg for two years. On its return to England in 1840 Mr. Bell procured his discharge, and became a clerk in the office of Gamble & Boulton, on the recommendation of the late Lord Airey, remaining there ten years. In 1850 he became manager of Milton’s mill on the Humber, and in 1860 went to Pennsylvania, where he remained for two years engaged in railroad construction. On his return to Toronto he became book-keeper at Hurd & Leigh’s, where he was until 1865, when he became connected with the firm of Hewlett & Bell. He has been engaged in his present business since 1878; and represents two insurance companies, the Royal and the Liverpool. In 1842 he married a daughter of James Kennedy, by whom he had five sons and one daughter. One son is dead.

Charles T. Bell was born in Toronto in 1842, and is the son of Thomas and Catharine (Kendrick) Bell. His father was born in Little York, January 1st, 1803; his grandfather, Thomas Bell, senior, settling here before 1800, and taking part in the war of 1812-14. His father was a Justice of the Peace, and lived for some time in Newmarket. Our subject is connected with the mail department of the postal service between Toronto and Hamilton. His wife is a daughter of David Ross, of Queen Street West.

Robert Bell, M.P.P., was born in Toronto, and is the eldest son of John Bell, builder and contractor, who came to Canada from County Fermanagh, Ireland, in 1823; married, in 1827, Annie Anderson, and died in 1855. In 1853 Robert married Matilda, seventh daughter of Joseph Clegg, C.E., of County Monaghan, Ireland. In 1860 he was elected councilman for the Ward of St. Andrew’s, and served in that capacity until 1867, when he became an alderman until 1873. In 1872 he was elected to the Board of Water Commissioners, and in 1874 was made chairman of that body until its extinction in 1877. In 1875 he was first elected to represent West Toronto in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, and was re-elected in 1879.

Thomas Berney, caretaker of the Riverdale Park, is a native of the North of Ireland (Strabane), and came to Canada in 1850. He was variously engaged up to 1854, after which he kept an hotel on Yonge Street for about ten years. In 1880 he accepted the position as head caretaker of this beautiful park.

Thomas Best was born near Darlington, in the County of Durham, England, in 1821. He came to Canada in 1843, and engaged in the hotel business in Toronto. He was connected with the Bay Horse Hotel from 1844 to 1872, and has been living retired since the latter date at 33 Murray Street. Mr. Best was married in 1849 to Elizabeth Tindale; the issue of the marriage was five children. We may add that Mr. Best is one of the oldest living hotel proprietors in the city.

Dr. Norman Bethune is the son of the late Angus Bethune, who was born in 1793, at Carleton Island, in the River St. Lawrence, opposite Kingston; his grandfather, the Rev. John Bethune, of Williamstown, Glengarry, was chaplain to H. M. 84th Regiment, which was then stationed on that island. The Rev. John Bethune had the following sons: Angus Norman, who settled in Montreal, and was a merchant and Queen’s auctioneer; John, who became Dean of the Church of England Cathedral at Montreal; James, who lived at Cobourg; Alexander Neil, who became Bishop of Toronto; and Donald a well-known steamboat proprietor. Angus Bethune was engaged in the North-West and Hudson Bay Company’s service for fifty years. He came to Toronto in 1840, and at his death left five sons, Norman being the second. His wife was a daughter of Roderick Mackenzie. Dr. Norman Bethune was born at Moose Factory, Hudson’s Bay. He came to Toronto in 1840, was educated at Upper Canada College, and in 1843 began his medical studies. He graduated in the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1850, and in the following year began his practice in Toronto, which he has since continued with the exception of nine years in which he practised in Edinburgh. Dr. Bethune was for many years connected with the Medical School attached to Trinity College, in the organization of which he was largely interested.

Joseph Bickerstaff was born in the County of Armagh, Ireland, in 1832, and came to Canada in 1851. He located in Toronto, and began business as a grocer, which he continued for twenty years. In 1881 he received an appointment in the Custom House, and has charge of the Queen’s Warehouse. He is a member of the Orange Society, and the Church of England. He is a Conservative in politics. Mr. Bickerstaff married Elizabeth Moore, of the city; her father was Captain of a Company during the Rebellion of 1837.

John Bishop, retired, was born in Islington, near London, England. December 16th, 1799. His parents were John and Sarah Bishop. His father was a butcher, and previous to his arrival in Canada conducted a large business in London. He arrived in New York in 1816, from thence he removed to Toronto, and erected a small cottage in which the family lived for a short time, afterwards removing to a house on the west side of Market Square, which he built along with others in 1819. He followed his own trade successfully for a number of years, retiring from active participation in the business in 1833, being succeeded by his son William. In 1829 he built Bishop Buildings on Adelaide Street, a large row of brick houses, which are still standing. He died December 25th, 1845, aged seventy-five years, leaving a family of five children, of whom John was the second. William, the third son, succeeded to the father’s business, continued the same until 1852, when he retired. Mr. Bishop was a member of the old fire company in 1826. In politics he is a Reformer. In 1831 he married Jane Julia Rubergall, who died in 1841; his second wife was Christiana Ferrier, second daughter of the late R. C. Ferrier, baker.

Francis Blackstone, professor of music, was born in Chelsea, Brompton, England, in 1844, son of George Blackstone. His mother was a daughter of John Sartoris, who painted the celebrated racehorse Eclipse. He came to Toronto in 1871, where he has since lived, following the profession of music teacher.

John Netterville Blake, President of the Lake Simcoe Junction Railway, and for several years President of the Toronto Brewing and Malting Company, was born in Toronto in 1846. His father, the Rev. D. E. Blake, was born in Wicklow, Ireland, in 1806, and came to Canada in 1832. He was appointed by the Governor-General Rector of Adelaide, and settled in that Township; subsequently he became Rector of Thornhill, County of York, where he resided for many years. The subject of this sketch began to study law in 1863, and was called to the bar in 1869. In 1873 he originated the Lake Simcoe Junction Railway, and in 1880 became President of the Toronto Brewing and Malting Company. He is largely interested in the malting business. He is a Conservative, and a member of the York Pioneers.

Joseph Bloor, deceased, was born in Staffordshire, England, in 1789, where he acquired his education and spent the earlier portion of his life. He married Sarah Lees of the same place, and in 1819 came to Canada and settled in the County of York with his family. He located in Toronto, where he kept an hotel on King Street, and a few years later purchased a tract of land in Yorkville, east of Yonge, and opened out the great thoroughfare in the north of the city which bears his name. He divided his land into lots and erected many private buildings, and also engaged in the brewing business for a period of twenty years. He held a magistrate’s commission; in politics was strongly Conservative; and though in early life a member of the English Church, he subsequently identified himself with the Methodist Church, of which he proved a useful and earnest supporter, and contributed largely to the erection of the Bloor Street place of worship belonging to that body. After his death an appropriate slab was placed within the church to his memory by the congregation. Mr. Bloor was a member of the old Fire Brigade of York, and also of the St. George’s Society. At his death he left two daughters, Sarah and Eliza, the latter married M. W. Browne, of Hamilton.

John Bond was born in Devonshire, England, in 1810, and came to Canada with his father when quite a child. His father was a sergeant-major in the British Army and served in the war of 1812-14, having fought at Lundy’s Lane, Chippewa, Fort Erie and Queenston Heights. He received his discharge at Kingston in 1817, and engaged afterwards in contracts for the Government. He died in this city on July 4th, 1853. His son, whose name appears at the head of this sketch, passed his early life in Kingston, removing from thence to this city in 1834; and having previously learned his trade of cabinet-maker, commenced business at 154 King Street East, which he conducted for thirty years, afterwards retiring. Mr. Bond served with credit during the Rebellion of ’37, and was sergeant in the corps commanded by Colonel Thomas. We ought not to omit to mention that his father had charge of the cannon at the skirmish of Montgomery’s tavern. Mr. Bond is a devoted adherent of the Roman Catholic faith, and in politics has thrown in his lot with the Reform Party. He married, in 1833, Catharine Gorman.

George Bostwick. The grandparents of our subject, John and Mary (Lardner) Bostwick, were of English origin, having emigrated from England to the United States previous to the American Revolution. They took up their residence upon the present site of the city of Baltimore. The grandmother was a niece of the Rev. Dionysius Lardner, LL.D., F.R.S. (Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh). Baltimore was the birthplace of a numerous progeny of descendants, of which Lardner, the father of our subject (so named in honour of the illustrious divine) was born in 1774; his early life was passed in that city until 1808, when he came to Niagara, where he married Sarah Bradshaw, and came to York two years later. He was a participant in the battle of York during the War of 1812, and was also a prisoner at its capitulation. After peace was declared he drew three hundred and fifty acres of land in the London district, although he never cleared or improved it. In 1810 he purchased one and one-fourth acres upon the south-east corner of King and Yonge Streets, for which he paid three hundred and fifty dollars, which he retained until his death. Upon this property he erected suitable buildings and embarked in the manufacture of carriages, in which business he was engaged for many years. In politics he was a Baldwin Reformer, and sat in the old Council of York with Wm. Lyon Mackenzie, when the city was first incorporated. His death occurred in 1834, at which time he left a family of seven children—three sons and four daughters. George, our subject, was the second eldest, born at York, on the 22nd March, 1811. He received his early education at the primitive schools of that day, and early acquired of his father the trade of carriage making. Upon the death of the latter he succeeded him in business, which he conducted for several years. In 1836 Mr. Bostwick took up his residence on the west side of Yonge Street, on the northern portion of what was then the city limits, and was elected a member of the Council Board in the Village of Yorkville. In 1850 he was commissioned magistrate by the late Hon. Robert Baldwin, in which capacity he has ever since acted. During the crisis of ’37 he firmly adhered to the principles of responsible government as advocated by the Reform party, and has since lived to see those blessings shared in by those who were then his strongest political enemies. In 1840 Mr. Bostwick married a daughter of Robert Ferrier, from Aberdeenshire, Scotland, by whom he had one son and four daughters. His son, George F. Bostwick, represents the extensive manufacturing firm of Goldie & McCulloch, safe manufacturers, of Galt, Ont., whose office and warerooms are at No. 50 Church Street, Toronto. The second daughter married John S. Mayfair, of the old-established wholesale dry-goods house of Bryce, McMurrich & Co., Yonge Street; third, Mrs. J. H. Macdonald; fourth, Mrs. David Denne, of Montreal; fifth, Jessie, resides at home. Lardner, brother of our subject, was born at York, June 20th, 1815; educated at Thomas Appleton’s district school at the old market place on King Street; 1837, was a student with Dr. Morrison; 1842, he married Eliza Kennedy; one year later moved to Chicago, where he was three years engaged in the dry-goods business; then settled at Minneapolis, where he studied law and was admitted to the Bar, and subsequently elected Judge of the Surrogate Court.

JAS. B. BOUSTEAD.

James B. Boustead is the only son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Bell) Boustead, and was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, England, in 1833. His father was educated for an Episcopal clergyman, but after completing his education, he emigrated to the County of York, Upper Canada, and settled at Newtonbrook in the year 1832, where he died in January following, leaving a son and daughter, of whom our subject was the youngest. After completing his education, at the age of twenty-one he entered the well-known dry-goods house of John Macdonald, remaining one year, then for the five years following he had charge of a large milling business at Hillsburg. In 1857 he returned to Toronto, and engaged in the wholesale provision trade until 1874, when he became connected with the fire and life insurance business, which he has conducted until the present time. He now represents the “Citizens,” and “Union Scottish” Companies, and is also an issuer of marriage licenses, and a magistrate for the County of York. Mr. Boustead was elected to a seat in the City Council Board as early as 1865, first representing St. David’s and later St. James’ Wards; he filled the position for sixteen years, being one of the most active members of that honourable body. During the long period he sat in the Council he filled the position of chairman of some of its most important committees, notably the Fire, Water, and Gas Committees, and is entitled to the credit of reorganizing the Fire Department, and establishing the Fire Alarm system; he also obtained for the city, through his earnest exertions, the charter under which our present water-works were built, and which resulted in obtaining pure water from the lake. Mr. Boustead has taken a great interest in our educational institutions, having been a member of the School Board for some years. When the “Queen’s Own” was organized he was one of its first members, and he received his commission of Lieutenant; he was present and took part with his regiment at Ridgeway; he retired in 1867 with the rank of Captain. Mr. Boustead has also been actively engaged in church work, having been Superintendent of the Methodist Sabbath school in Yorkville from 1866 to 1876, and of the Metropolitan Methodist Sabbath School from 1878 to the present time. His life has been an active and busy one, and he has left his mark upon the city which he has made his home.

Samuel Bowman, retired, was born in the County Derry, Ireland, in 1812. His father was John Bowman, a farmer, and his mother a daughter of Joseph Thompson; they had seven children. The family came to Canada in 1832, landing at Quebec on June 4th. They remained at Quebec a few days and then went to Montreal, where, four days after they arrived, the father and one of the sons died. The family arrived at Toronto, August 9th, and took up their residence in a house on Yonge Street in which a man had died of cholera that morning, but fortunately none of them were infected. Samuel Bowman obtained work at teaming for a Mr. Clinkinbroomer, with whom he remained six months; then he became a porter in a store, helping a man named Ware, on the corner of King and Yonge Streets. In 1838 he commenced carting, and continued that until 1850, when he sold out and retired. During the Mackenzie Rebellion Mr. Bowman joined an independent company, and was present at the burning of Montgomery’s tavern. Mr. Bowman has only one brother living now; he resides at 142 Nelson Street.

William Briggs was born in Hull, Yorkshire, England, 1818, and came to Toronto in 1845. He is a builder and contractor, which business he conducted from the time of his arrival in the city until recently, when he retired from it, and is at present enjoying the ease and comfort he has deservedly earned. Mr. Briggs was the first settler on the fifteen acre lot where he resides (No. 9 Maitland Street). His wife was Mary Machin, a native of Selby, Yorkshire, England; she died in 1850.

John Bright. The Bright family are of English origin. John, the subject of this sketch is at the present time the eldest white male resident of Toronto. He was born at Three Rivers, Quebec, 1793, fourth son of Louis and Margaret (Brady) Bright, and came to York with his parents in 1802, being nine years of age. His father served seven years in the 42nd Regiment of His Majesty’s Infantry during the Revolutionary War, at the close of which he came to Canada, having but three weeks to serve, when he arrived on what is now called King Street. Here he rented a slab shanty situated between York and Bay Streets (of a coloured man by the name of Franklin), into which he moved his family and wrought for some time as a stone-mason, but subsequently settled down to farming and butchering. He died at the ripe age of ninety-nine years and ten months, leaving six sons and six daughters. John attended the first school held in the county, on the corner of King and George Streets, Mr. Elihu Pease being the first teacher; at the age of thirteen was burned out and learned the trade of shoemaker, of Mr. Wallace, serving six years, which business he afterwards conducted for over forty years. He married in 1808, Nancy, third daughter of William Knott, a Revolutionary soldier who came to Canada with the “Queen’s Rangers,” and afterwards settled upon King Street, just east of the Mail buildings. Mr. Bright participated in the War of 1812, was at the battles of York, Stony Creek, Queenston Heights and Lundy’s Lane. In the latter engagement he received three wounds—first, by a bullet on the top of his head, taking off a portion of the scalp; second, through the sleeve of the right arm; and third, a shot in the left side. He belonged to the Infantry Corps, and at the battle of Queenston Heights he saw General Brock fall from his little bay mare which he rode, it having been presented to him by Adjutant Fitzgerald, or “Crazy Fitzgerald” as he was sometimes called. He saw his body carried from the battle-field by orderlies into a barn near by; was present at his death and burial. “We cried like good fellows when he fell.” Mr. Bright was in the last charge made upon the army at Queenston Heights, and saw many of the Americans leap over the side of the mountain in their efforts to escape, while others stole away amid the clouds of smoke that enveloped the place. After serving his time Colonel Fitzgerald tried to induce the regiment to which he belonged to re-enlist for three years by offering every able-bodied man three guineas; but they, not having had a change of clothing for three months, declined and returned home; after which he served twenty-seven years as assistant messenger under his father, who was chief messenger of the old Legislative Council of Upper and Lower Canada, while the Government buildings were at Toronto, Kingston and Montreal. He was present at the latter place when the buildings were burned. He also served twenty-seven years as Crier of the General Sessions and County Court, which office he still holds. During the Rebellion of 1837 he was a volunteer, while his father was doing garrison duty at the Parliament House. He and his brother Louis shouldered their muskets and joined the loyal forces at Montgomery’s tavern. He retains his mental faculties in a wonderful degree, and nothing affords him greater pleasure than to have an old friend or neighbour call and recount bygone scenes of his early life.

James Bright, 71 King Street East, blacksmith, and brother of the above, is the youngest son of the same family, was born in York in 1807, corner of Princess and Duke Streets. When fifteen years of age he learned the trade of blacksmith with his brother Louis, whose shop then occupied the north-east corner of King and York Streets, where the Shakespeare Hotel now stands. They wrought together for five years. In 1832 he married Amelia, daughter of Isaac Columbus, who was employed in the Garrison, being edge-tool maker and silversmith. He made a sword for General Brock, which he carried on the day of his death. Soon after Mr. Bright’s marriage he moved east of the Don and took up his residence at 71 King Street East, where he established himself in business as a blacksmith, and where he has ever since resided. Having seven sons and two daughters, the former having succeeded him in business.

John Bright, builder, was born in Toronto in 1842, his father being James Bright. He learned the trade of a carpenter before he was of age and worked at that until 1872, when he opened a grocery, flour and feed store on King Street East. In 1875 he gave up store-keeping and returned to his trade. In 1870 he married Emiline Louisa, daughter of Emerson Coatsworth, City Commissioner. He is a Conservative and a member of the English Church.

Thomas Bright, youngest son of John Bright, was born at Toronto 1837, was seven years engaged in the grocery trade, subsequently succeeded his father as Sheriff’s Officer and Crier of the Court of General Sessions, which office he has held for the past twenty-two years, and which has been filled by some member of the family since the establishment of the first Court in York. Mr. Bright has been twice married, first to Mary, daughter of Robert Hodgson, by whom he had four children, second to Ellen Brady. In politics he has been a strong Conservative, and a member of the Orange Society, and Church of England.

William Brodie, L.D.S., was born in Peterhead, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and was the son of George Brodie, a farmer in that district, who came to Canada in 1835, and settled on a farm in Whitchurch, where he died in 1882, at the advanced age of ninety years. During his residence in Whitchurch he took a lively interest in municipal affairs, and was for some time a member of the County Council. He was for a number of years an elder of the Presbyterian Church. He married Jane Milne, of Banff, only daughter of John Milne of that town, a vessel owner, who was lost at sea; she died in 1865 at Whitchurch. Mr. Brodie, the subject of this sketch, received his early education at Whitchurch, subsequently teaching school there for three years. He afterwards studied his profession, which he practised in Markham for two years, removing to Toronto in 1865. He has from its commencement been connected with the Toronto Natural History Society, and to his energy the institution may be almost said to owe its existence. He married Miss Jane Anna McPherson, eldest daughter of Alexander McPherson, farmer, of Scotch birth, who, as a contractor, had assisted in the construction of the Lachine Canal. He died at Whitby. Mr. Brodie’s residence is 325 Parliament Street.

J. BUGG.

John Bugg, deceased, the eldest of a family of seven children, born to William and Elizabeth (Walker) Bugg, was born in Yorkshire, England, February 6th, 1807. His early life was spent upon his father’s farm. Before he reached his majority he learned the trade of carriage and house building. Upon the death of his father he, being the eldest son, inherited all the property. After paying all claims upon the estate, he embarked for Canada, and arrived at Little York on June 19th, in the spring of 1831. It being Sunday, he immediately wended his way to church, and there found an old acquaintance in the resident pastor, who introduced him to Mr. Cawthra, then employed in the erection of the Ontario Parliament buildings, with whom he secured employment. After remaining in York one year he returned to England and brought the family back with him. After the completion of the Government work he began building for himself, and subsequently embarked in the lumbering and building business on a large scale, his yard being at the corner of Teraulay and Albert Streets. He also dealt largely in real estate, and purchased the McCauley estate, and opened Gerrard and Walton Streets. In 1837, during the Rebellion, the loyal forces were quartered at his residence, as at those of many others who were strong Reformers and advocated Responsible Government. Our subject took an active part in municipal matters, and was elected to a seat in the Council Board for St. Patrick’s Ward, when that Ward included the district at present covered by St. John’s, St. Stephen’s and St. Patrick’s. When St. Patrick’s Ward was subsequently divided he sat as alderman for St. John’s Ward, his term of service being thirteen years, and on every occasion but one he was returned at the head of the poll. As an alderman he united a progressive spirit with a careful regard to economy, a watchfulness over the city’s interests, and a firm adherence to his principles. As an instance of his firmness of character, it may be mentioned that for several years he formed one of a minority, composed of four aldermen, who strenuously opposed a number of measures which they considered detrimental to the city’s interests. In religion he was a Primitive Methodist, and was elected a life member of the Conference of that body. Soon after Confederation he was commissioned a Magistrate, in which capacity he acted many years. His wife was a daughter of the late John Purkiss, of Toronto. The fiftieth anniversary of their wedded life was celebrated on the 30th October, 1883. At his death he left three sons and two daughters: William, Charles, Joseph, Elizabeth and Sarah, now Mrs. Robert Jaffray.

James Bugg, farmer, and brother of the above, was fourteen years and six months old when he landed in York in 1833. He worked about one year for Mr. Northcott; the following spring he went to Thornhill and worked on a farm for about ten years; then was engaged as manager on a farm in Markham Township. In 1844 he married Rebecca, second daughter of Robert Mason, by whom he has three daughters. In 1850 he was chosen councillor for Markham Township, and in 1870 he received a Magistrate’s commission, but did not qualify until ten years later. In politics he is a Reformer, in religion a member of the Primitive Methodist Church. As a result of many years of honest toil, he has a beautiful farm in the Township of King, where he at present resides, and is one of the most substantial citizens in his municipality.

Alexander Burns was born in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Ireland, in 1837, and came to Canada in 1853. Previous to coming out he was for a short time in the grocery business, and on his arrival in Toronto continued the same business with his brother in a store at St. Lawrence Market. In 1869 he commenced a soda-water business on the corner of Young and Buchanan Streets, that part of the city being then all bush, which extended without a single break along the front of Yonge and College Avenue to Hayter Street. The trade conducted by Mr. Burns was one of the largest of its kind in the city, and proved very successful. He retired from business in 1881, since which time he has been living a quiet and retired life on the fruits of his former industry. In 1868 he married Miss Martha McDonald, by whom he has a family of three sons and three daughters.

David Burns, deceased, was born in the County Derry, Ireland, in 1803. He came to Canada in 1823, and engaged in the leather business at Little York, which proved so successful that he retired about twenty years before his death, which occurred in 1872. At the time of his death he owned a considerable quantity of real estate. He left surviving him a wife and three sons. The eldest, David Burns, is a civil engineer; the second, Robert, is studying medicine; and the youngest, Stephen, is engaged in the study of the law.

Horatio C. Burritt, M.D., C.M., was born at Smith’s Falls, Ontario, in September, 1840. He is the eldest son of Dr. Walter H. Burritt, who was born at Burritt’s Rapids, Ontario, in 1809; being the youngest son of Colonel Daniel Burritt and grandson of Daniel Burritt, one of the original United Empire Loyalists, who emigrated to Canada immediately after the American Revolution, and settled on the Rideau River, where the Village of Burritt’s Rapids now stands. The subject of our sketch was educated at Smith’s Falls Grammar School, Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, and McGill College, Montreal, from which latter institution he received the degree of M.D., C.M., in May, 1863. He spent some months, after graduating in Lincoln Hospital, Washington, D.C, as acting assistant surgeon during the American Civil War. Shortly after returning to Canada he settled in Morrisburgh, Ontario; in 1868 he removed to Peterborough, where he had a very extensive and lucrative practice for fourteen years; when he began to feel that if the incessant hard work, with the exposure, etc., were continued much longer it would seriously impair his health. To avoid such a calamity he disposed of his practice to Dr. Halliday, of Grafton, and removed to Toronto. On his departure from Peterborough he was presented with a most complimentary address and a magnificent epergne, by many of his staunch friends. In 1880 he was elected by the medical men of Newcastle and Trent Electoral Division, as their representative for five years in the Ontario Medical Council. During his two years’ residence in this city, he has acquired a successful and extensive practice. Dr. Burritt married in 1864, Maria Harriet, fourth daughter of James G. Rogers, Esq., of Grafton, Ontario.

Ephraim Butt, third son of Samuel Butt, weaver, was born in Stonehouse, Gloucester, England, on the 8th of March, 1822. His father, with his family, came to Canada and settled in Toronto, in the year 1832. He has been a resident of Toronto for fifty-two years. In 1844 he married Sarah, youngest daughter of James Davey, of Hull, England, by whom he had sixteen children. Of these only four survive, viz.: the eldest, Samuel James; Mary (now Mrs. J. H. H. Mottram, Detroit, U. S.); George (of Toronto); and the youngest, Henry John Wilkinson (of Detroit, U. S.). For forty years he has successfully carried on the general business of waggon-making, and for a number of years past of blacksmithing. Both Mr. and Mrs. Ephraim Butt have been devout members of the Wesleyan Methodist denomination since 1842, and since the year 1854 the former has been a class-leader. He is a brother of James Butt, whose first wife, now deceased, was a sister of Mrs. Ephraim Butt.

James Butt, retired, was born in Gloucestershire, England, in 1815. His parents were Samuel and Anne (Smith) Butt. His mother’s brother Charles was killed at the battle of Trafalgar, where he fought under Lord Nelson. His father came to Little York (now Toronto) in 1832, with his wife and seven children, of whom five are living and two are dead; he was a gardener by occupation, and worked for Dr. Widmer until his death in 1843. James Butt first worked for Mrs. Major Small, and then spent three years in learning the blacksmith trade with James Bright, who lived east of the Don. At the time of the Rebellion he was working for Louis Bright, who had a blacksmith shop in Toronto, where they did some work for the Government. In 1839 he commenced business for himself on Shuter Street, and continued it until 1867, when he retired. In 1840 he married Mary, daughter of James Davey, of Yorkshire, England, by whom he had five children; three are dead, and two—Charles E., living in Plainfield, New Jersey, and Richard II., living in Toronto—still survive. His first wife died in 1870, and he afterwards married Jane, daughter of John Purkiss, of Toronto. He has been connected with the Methodist Church since 1835.

Hon. Chief Justice M. C. Cameron, Toronto. Matthew Crooks Cameron, son of John McAlpin Cameron, was born at Dundas, Ontario, on the 2nd day of October, 1822. His father was a descendant of the Camerons of Fassifern, Scotland, and emigrated from Inverness-shire to Upper Canada, in 1819, settling at Dundas, where he engaged in the mercantile business; subsequently discharged the duties of Deputy-Postmaster under Thomas Allen Stayner, then the Imperial Postmaster-General for Canada, at Hamilton, and also Deputy-Clerk of the Crown for the then Gore District. Later he was student-at-law with Sir Allan MacNab, with whom he remained until he was appointed to the first permanent clerkship of committees in the Parliament of Upper Canada, from which office he went to the Canada Company’s office in Toronto, where he held an important position for many years. Coming to this part of the country as he did, when it was yet undeveloped, sparsely settled, and engaging in active life, Mr. Cameron became well and widely known. He died in Toronto in November, 1866, aged seventy-nine years. The name of our subject’s mother was Nancy Foy, a native of Northumberland, England. The education of Matthew Crooks Cameron was obtained first at a school at Hamilton, under a Mr. Randall, and afterwards the District School in Toronto, which he attended for a short time. In 1838 he entered Upper Canada College, where he studied until 1840, when in consequence of an accident when out shooting by which he lost a leg, he had to retire. Two years later he entered the office of Messrs. Gamble & Boulton, of Toronto, as student-at-law, where he remained until Hilary Term, 1849, when he was called to the bar of the Province of Ontario (then Upper Canada). He engaged in Toronto in the practice of his profession, first with Mr. Boulton, his former master. This firm continued until the law partnership of Messrs. Cayley & Cameron was formed, the senior member being the Hon. William Cayley, an English barrister, and at one time Inspector-General of the Province. In 1859 Dr. McMichael entered, the firm then becoming Messrs. Cayley, Cameron & McMichael. Later Mr. Cayley retired, and Mr. E. Fitzgerald became a partner in the business, and his name added to the name and style of the firm, remaining so for several years. On the retirement of Mr. Fitzgerald, Mr. Alfred Hoskin became a partner, and it remained Cameron, McMichael & Hoskin until the senior member’s elevation to the Bench in November, 1878. His appointment was the recognition of true merit and legal ability. As a lawyer he was eminent in every department of his profession, but particularly excelled before a jury; possessing an excellent power of analyzing and arranging facts, combined with an impressive manner of speaking, he delivered his arguments with a logical force and clearness rarely surpassed. The same qualities of mind may also be said to render his rulings and decisions on the Bench equally clear and explicit. He was created a Queen’s Counsel in 1863, and elected a Bencher of the Law Society of Ontario in 1871. The first public office held by Chief Justice Cameron was that of a Commissioner, with Colonel Coffin, appointed by the Government in 1852, to enquire into the causes of accidents, which had been of frequent occurrence, on the Great Western Railway. From 1859, when he represented St. James’s Ward in the City Council, he figured prominently in public life. In 1861, and again a few years later, at the solicitation of many citizens, he contested the Mayoralty unsuccessfully. In 1861 he entered the arena of political life, and sat for North Ontario, in the Canada Assembly, from the general election of that year until the general election of 1863, when he was defeated. But in July, 1864, he was re-elected for the same seat, which he continued to hold until Confederation, when he was again unsuccessful. At the general Provincial election in 1867 he was returned to the Ontario Parliament from East Toronto, and re-elected in 1871 and 1875. He was a member of the Executive Council in Ontario in the Sandfield-Macdonald Administration, from July 20, 1867, until the resignation of the Ministry, December 19, 1871, and with the exception of the last five months of this period, when he was Commissioner of Crown Lands, he held the offices of Provincial Secretary and Registrar. He was also leader, and a very able one, too, of the Opposition, from the general election in December, 1871, until appointed to the Judgeship in the Queen’s Bench, in November, 1878, which position he held until appointed Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in 1884. While in politics Judge Cameron was a formidable opponent of the Reform Party, and aided in forming the Liberal-Conservative Association of Toronto; became its first president, and held that office until his elevation to the Bench. He was also vice-president of the Liberal-Conservative Convention which was assembled in Toronto, September 23rd, 1874. He was one of the promoters and became a Director of the Dominion Telegraph Company, and also of the Confederation Life and the Isolated Risk and Insurance Companies, all of which proved successful enterprises, and have become permanent institutions. In religious views Chief Justice Cameron adheres to the Church of England, of which he is a member, and is also a member of the Caledonian and St. Andrew’s Societies. On December 1st, 1851, he was married in Toronto, to Miss Charlotte Ross, daughter of William Wedd, Esq., of English birth, who immediately prior to his death resided in Hamilton, Ontario. She died January 14th, 1868, leaving three sons and three daughters, who are all still living in Toronto. The eldest son is Dr. Irving Heward Cameron, a practising physician of this city.

Thomas Campton is a native of Leicestershire, England, where he was born February 23rd, 1813. When eighteen years of age he joined the 68th Regiment, British army, and by good conduct attained the rank of sergeant. During his years of service, he spent some time at Gibraltar and Jamaica; and from the latter station he removed with his regiment to Canada. While here he obtained his discharge from the army, and at once came to Toronto, where he established himself in the grocery business. This was in 1842, and three years later he removed to Collingwood, then a new settlement, where was born to him a son; the first white child there. In 1850 he returned to Toronto, where he engaged in the meat business, from which he retired in 1881, and has since lived in private life.

Frederick Chase Capréol. The name of this gentleman, one of the oldest residents of Toronto, connected as it is with the organization, and carrying out of the first railroad constructed in the Province, certainly deserves a prominent place in our pages. Mr. Capréol was born 10th June, 1803, and is the second son of Thomas Capréol, Esq., of Bishop Stortford, Hertfordshire, England. His pedigree on his father’s side is derived from the ancient and ennobled foreign family of the De Capréols, and on his mother’s side equally illustrious, as she was niece to the late Sir Richard Chase, and a relative by marriage of the late Marquis of Salisbury. Mr. Capréol first came to Canada in 1829 to assist in arranging the affairs of the old North-West Fur Company, and having fulfilled his part of the business returned to England in 1831. Two years afterwards he again came to Canada, and shortly after his arrival in New York, married a Miss Skyring, a lady who had been a fellow-passenger with him across the Atlantic. He proceeded to Toronto and determined to settle here, having purchased a large quantity of land at Port Credit. The result of this purchase was a long and tedious lawsuit, in which he was, however, successful. For some time he followed mercantile pursuits, but these he gave up when he conceived the idea of promoting the Northern Railway. It is a well-known fact that to Mr. Capréol the Northern Railway owes its existence, as it was he who projected it, and promoted the design, almost unaided, and at his own expense forwarded the preliminary arrangements. No one can fully estimate the benefits which the services of this gentleman in this respect conferred on Toronto and the country north of it. After the completion of the railway Mr. Capréol proceeded to Europe with his family and travelled on the continent, and whilst in London had the gratification of being presented with a handsome service of plate, given to him on behalf of the citizens of Toronto as a mark of their confidence, esteem and gratitude for the services which he had rendered to their city. Mr. Capréol was also the founder of the first Water and Gas Works in the city, and was once a member of the City Council. Mr. Capréol’s name is also associated with a noble piece of gallantry, which reflects not a little credit on his public spirit. In the month of July, 1843, a gentleman of the name of Thomas Kinnear, residing at Richmond Hill, a much esteemed citizen, together with his housekeeper, were brutally and barbarously murdered during the same day by two of his servants, who after the cold-blooded deed escaped to the United States. The city authorities would not take any action in the matter, and Mr. Capréol, hearing of the whereabouts of the murderers, chartered a steamboat, at twelve o’clock on Sunday night, and at a considerable sacrifice of time and money proceeded to Lewiston, where he succeeded in capturing the fugitives, and brought them to Toronto. They were tried, found guilty, one of them suffered the extreme penalty of the law, and the other, Grace Marks, was sentenced to the Penitentiary for life. A full account of this tragedy will be found in Chapter IV., page 32, of the History of the County of York, embodied in this work. Mr. Capréol on his return from the continent obtained a charter incorporating the Huron and Ontario Ship Canal Company, having for its object the building of a canal between Lakes Huron and Ontario to connect and improve Canada’s great water highway. His indomitable energy and pluck in endeavouring to secure the completion of this great work is well known to most of our citizens. Mr. Capréol has brought up a large family, three sons and eight daughters. His eldest son, J. Lonsdale Capréol, is Clerk, of the Executive Council of Ontario. His second son, Frederick Chase, is in the Department of the Interior, Ottawa. His third son, Alfred Reginald, is in the Imperial Bank. Of his daughters, only one is married, she is the wife of F. O. Cross, Esq., Manager of the Canadian Bank of Commerce at Woodstock.

Rev. John Carrroll, D.D., was born on Saltkill Island, Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick, on August 8th, 1809, being one of twin sons. He is the son of Joseph and Mary (Ridout) Carroll. In 1809 the family left New Brunswick, and after residing at Maford, Ten Mile Creek, Fairchild’s Creek and Grand River, settled in York at the close of the War of 1812. Their first habitation was a share of Artilleryman Elder’s hut on the west shore of the bay, an edifice which fully eighty years ago tumbled into the water. They next occupied a house at the corner of Duke and George Streets. As Joseph Carroll was a saddler and harness maker by trade he subsequently removed to the corner of Duchess and George Streets, where he opened the regimental harness shop of the 10th Regiment. John Carroll acquired an education at various York primary schools, and received a classical training at a higher school. He then commenced teaching, from which occupation he was called by the authorities of the Methodist Church to become a circuit preacher. He ultimately entered the regular ministry at the Conference of 1829, and continued his duties until 1870, when he was superannuated. During an active ministerial career of forty-two years, Dr. Carroll has been stationed at the leading cities and towns in the Province, among those being London, Hamilton, Ottawa, St. Catharines, Belleville, Prescott and Cobourg. While at the latter place he taught for a year at Victoria College, and attended classes in Greek, Hebrew and Philosophy. For twenty-five years he had charge of districts over some of which he travelled. In 1874 he received the degree of D.D. from the North Carolina State University. Since his superannuation Dr. Carroll has spent his time writing books, chiefly of a religious character. Among them are “Case and His Contemporaries, a History of Methodism in Canada,” “Life of Father Carson,” “Methodist Baptism,” “Exposition Expounded, Defended and Supplemented.” He died at his residence in Toronto after a brief illness, December 13th, 1884, and was buried at St. Catharines.

Robert Carroll, of Carroll & Dunspaugh. His father was born in the north of Ireland, where he acquired the building business with his father, who was a Government contractor for many years. He continued with him until he emigrated to Canada in the year 1831, and followed the same line of business in the City of Toronto until his death in the year 1868. His wife, Mary McCallen, was born in the same place. She was the daughter of a farmer, who was of Scotch descent, who now lives on Ontario Street, aged seventy-seven years. On leaving the Old Country they had one daughter, who died on the voyage out. While in York he had three sons, James, Matthew and Robert. James died in Lockport, N. Y., to which place his parents moved from Canada, they lived there for six years, during which time three daughters were born, Mary Jane, Anne and Alvarina, the latter died in Buffalo, whither her parents had moved, after ten months trial of Pittsburgh, and where they resided over two years. They returned to Toronto in 1845, and made it their home for life, where another son was born, James W. (1845), who married Sarah Morrison, sister of James Morrison, brassfounder, Adelaide Street West. He went to Winnipeg, where he now resides with his wife and one son, having lost three daughters in Toronto. Matthew married in Toronto and made his home in New York, U. S., and died there in 1869, leaving a wife, son, and one daughter, who now resides in Toronto. Mary Jane married J. Segsworth, wholesale jeweller and importer, Wellington Street East, near Yonge, son of John Segsworth, an old pioneer who emigrated from Yorkshire, England, to Little York in the year 1831, and who carried on a successful business as waggon-maker on Richmond Street West, from which he retired on a competency, and died in the old homestead in 1871. Mary Jane is now the mother of eleven children, ten of whom are now living with her and her husband at 137 Church Street. Anne was married to Mr. D. J. Bradley, from Yorkshire, England, engaged in the dry-goods line; she had seven children, four of whom are now alive, one son and three daughters. Robert, the subject of this sketch, was educated at the old Model School, which stood on a site of the residence of the present Lieutenant-Governor. He learned the building business with the firm of Metcalf, Wilson & Forbes, during which time they had the contract for St. James’ Cathedral, Trinity College, Normal School, and the old Post Office, on the west side of Toronto Street. After his apprenticeship he commenced business as builder and contractor. He married Catharine Jamieson on 15th December, 1864, daughter of Wm. Jamieson, lumber merchant, one of the old pioneers from Ayrshire, Scotland, who arrived in Little York in 1831 and died in 1875, by whom he had six daughters. Three are now alive: the eldest, Catharine Marion, Hamilton; second, Mary Louise; the youngest, Elma Burns. Their mother died April 18th, 1883. He continued in the same business until he formed a partnership in the year 1868 with his brother-in-law, W. M. Jamieson, in builders’ supplies. The latter was a prominent Mason and York Pioneer, having come to Canada with his father when seven years old. He continued this business until the death of W. M. Jamieson in 1877, after which time W. F. Dunspaugh took his place (1879) in which he, W. F., continued until he effected another partnership with Francy, on the Ohio River, U. S., for the manufacturing of sewer pipes, which firm is known as the Great Western Fire Clay Company, Toronto, Jefferson County, Ohio, U. S. His father, W. H. Dunspaugh, took his place in the old firm 1882, which now stands Carroll & Dunspaugh, dealers in and importers of sewer pipe and general builders’ supplies, 66 Adelaide Street West.

John Joseph Cassidy, M.D., was born in Toronto, of Irish parents, in 1843. He received his early education at a private school, and also at a school taught by the Christian Brothers. At the age of eleven years he was sent to St. Michael’s College, Toronto, where he remained six years, afterwards spending three years at Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere, Province of Quebec. In 1864 he matriculated in medicine in Toronto University, graduating as M.B. in 1868, and as M.D. in 1869. At the examination for M.B. he carried off the Star gold medal for Anatomy. He began the practice of medicine in this city in 1868, and has now accumulated a large and prosperous patronage. In 1868 he was appointed physician to the House of Providence, Toronto, and he remained the sole medical attendant of that institution for seven years. In 1869 he was appointed a member of the visiting staff of the Toronto General Hospital, a position which he maintained until 1884, when he was transferred to the consulting staff. He is a member of the Provincial Board of Health of Ontario, being the committee on “the heating and ventilation of buildings,” and a member of the committee on “publication.” Dr. Cassidy married, in 1878, Miss A. A. Messner, of Formosa, Bruce County, Ont. He is a Catholic.

The Cawthra Family.—In the beginning of the present century Joseph Cawthra came from England to America and settled on a grant of land still in the possession of his descendants near Port Credit, where, among the Indians, the name “Etobekous” was given him and his family, from the number of elder trees on the shore; Etobicoke being the Indian name for elder tree. Mr. Cawthra’s enterprise soon brought him to Toronto, then called York, where he opened the first wholesale business established there, and where for many years he was a prominent citizen, and died at an advanced age in 1842. His widow survived him and died at the age of eighty-six, in Toronto, in 1847. Their second son, John Cawthra, served his country in the War of 1812; he was with General Brock at the capture of Detroit, and at Queenston. He settled at Newmarket, and represented the County of Simcoe in the Parliament of Upper Canada as its first member, on its separation from the County of York. He died at Newmarket in 1851, leaving three sons and one daughter. William Cawthra, the youngest son of Joseph Cawthra, was for many years a well-known citizen of Toronto. After his education, first in the early school of Archdeacon Stuart, and afterwards at Montreal, he remained with his father in business in Toronto, and though he took an active and prominent part in the stirring political events of those early days, he never entered Parliament, although often solicited by his party and friends to do so. He married Sarah Ellen, daughter of the late J. Crowther, who survives him. He died at Toronto in 1880, in the seventy-ninth year of his age.

James Chamberlin, hotel-keeper, Toronto, was born in this city in 1847. His father, Erial Chamberlin, was born in Albany in 1793, and at the close of the War of 1812 removed to Canada and located on land about fourteen miles out of Yonge Street, where he lived until his death. His mother was Mary Fulton, who was born in Richmond Hill. Her father was Colonel James Fulton, who fought in the War of 1812 and who died of cholera at Little York. While the custodian of some valuable despatches he was taken prisoner at Niagara by some Americans, but managed to get away from them; he was followed to an hotel which was surrounded all night by a guard, and in the morning was again taken prisoner, but again effected his escape. Mr. Chamberlin’s maternal grandmother was a Munshaw, the first family to settle upon a farm on Yonge Street. The Munshaws came to Little York from Pennsylvania in an ox-cart by way of Hamilton. Mr. Chamberlin has been in the hotel business for about four years and is married to a daughter of William Funston, of this city. His brother Charles, a builder, lives at 450 Parliament Street. When the Munshaw family landed in Little York, one log building used for a custom-house was all the signs of civilization to be seen.

Colonel William Chewett was born in London, England, 21st December, 1752. In early life he was educated with a view of entering the East India Company’s service, and at the age of eighteen years passed his examination and received an appointment as engineer and hydrographer, with orders to sail for the East. Unfortunately he was attacked with small-pox shortly before the departure of the vessel to which he was appointed, and was left in England. On his recovery he decided upon going to America, and sailed for Quebec in 1771. . . He very soon received full employment from the Government in surveying, making charts and maps of the rivers and country in the neighbourhood. When the American Revolutionary War, which broke out in 1775, extended to Lake Champlain and the vicinity of Quebec, Mr. Chewett served in the Quebec Militia, and in the course of the siege, when off duty, assisted in the engineers’ department. After the defeat of the Americans he was appointed acting pay-master of works to the Engineers’, Quartermaster’s and Naval Departments for the Ports of St. John, Isle aux Noix, and their dependencies on Lake Champlain, in which office he remained until 1785. In 1786 he took charge of the District of Lunenburg, formerly called the Eastern District of Upper Canada, and now comprising the easternmost counties of Ontario, and there surveyed land and located the disbanded troops and loyalists. It was while there engaged that he met and afterwards married, in 1791, a Scottish lady (Isabella) the daughter of Major Archibald Macdonnell, of the Long Sault, whose family left Scotland on account of their active and rebellious support of the cause of the Pretender. In 1792 he was employed, under Governor Simcoe at Kingston, in reconstructing the map of the Province by dividing it into new Districts and Counties, previous to its being separated into Upper and Lower Canada. In 1796 he accompanied Governor Simcoe to Newark (Niagara) which was the temporary seat of Government till removed to Toronto, where he was employed in surveying and preparing buildings for its reception. He also about this time (1779) commenced the erection of a house for his own use, which he afterwards occupied until his death, and which is still standing (1885) somewhat modified by an additional storey. In 1802, upon the retirement of Mr. Surveyor-General Smith, he was appointed Deputy Surveyor-General, conjointly with Mr. Ridout, who afterwards received the appointment of Surveyor-General. During the American War of 1812-14 he was in command of the 3rd Regiment of York Militia and in the battle of York, 27th April, 1813, he was, in the absence of Major General Sheaffe, in command of the forces; and when the townspeople capitulated to the greatly superior numbers of the Americans, he, with Major Allen, arranged the terms for the surrender of the town. In the engagement, while riding with Captain Loring, of the 104th Regiment, he was severely injured by the explosion of the powder magazine which caused so great a loss of life among the American troops. After the war he continued to serve the Government until 1832, when he was allowed to retire on full pay after a service in numerous departments for upwards of fifty-eight years. Colonel Chewett died in Toronto on 19th September, 1849, at the advanced age of ninety-seven years.

James Grant Chewett, eldest son of Colonel Chewett, was born 9th November, 1793, at Cornwall. In early life he was educated at the then historical school, in that town, kept by the late Bishop Strachan; he afterwards was engaged in the surveys which his father superintended, and for thirty years he was employed by the Government in what was then known as the Surveyor-General’s Department. He ultimately became Deputy Surveyor-General of the Upper Province, and retired with a pension when the seat of Government was removed to Kingston. During the War of 1812 he served in his father’s regiment, and actively assisted in blowing up the powder magazine. In 1826 Mr. Chewett married, at Toronto, Martha Smith, second daughter of Richard Robison, who was of Scottish descent and born in L’Assomption, 1780, and afterwards settled at Napanee, where he formed a business partnership with Mr. Cartwright. In 1832 Mr. Chewett commenced on his property, at the corner of King and York Streets, a block of buildings, afterwards known by his name, one of which formed in those days a large and commodious hotel, kept by a Mr. Keating under the name of the British Coffee House. In 1835, as one of the City Fathers and Chairman of the Finance Committee, he arranged the system of one and two dollar debentures redeemable in one year with interest, and which then passed current in Canada as money. The few still outstanding are greatly prized by the curious. After Mr. Chewett’s retirement from public life he took an active part in the management of the Bank of Upper Canada, of which he was many years the Vice-President. From that establishment he passed to the Presidency of the Bank of Toronto when that institution was organized, and remained in office until his death, which occurred suddenly on 7th December, 1862. Mr. Chewett’s kindliness of disposition and gentlemanly manners made him a universal favourite. He was thoroughly acquainted with the country in which he was born and brought up, and to the close of his life took an active and intelligent interest in everything which transpired. Mr. Chewett left issue two sons and a daughter; the eldest, Dr. William C. Chewett, was born in Toronto, 16th August, 1828, was educated at the Upper Canada College, and afterwards took the degree of Doctor of Medicine at the University of Toronto in 1851, the first regular student of that institution upon whom the degree had been conferred. Dr. Chewett never practised his profession, but turned his attention to other pursuits. He married, in 1857, Maria Susan, second daughter of Henry Ranney, Esq., an English gentleman now deceased, who settled many years ago in Ohio. Dr. Chewett, with his family, now owns the entire stock of the Rossin House Hotel Company; the land on which the hotel stands being in the family since the original grant from the Crown.

George Cheyne is a native of Tyrone, Ireland, and came to Canada in 1830. On his arrival he bought one hundred acres of land in the County of Peel, and at once proceeded to farm it, having in early life been brought up to that occupation. He remained here about thirty years, and after spending ten years in Orangeville he came to Toronto, where he has since resided. He married in 1831 Miss Walker, daughter of Robert Walker, of Toronto Township, by whom he had a family of six sons and three daughters; three sons and three daughters are living. Mr. Cheyne is a Conservative in politics, and in religion belongs to the Canada Methodist Church.

Alexander Chisholm, deceased, was born at Cromarty, on the Highlands of Scotland. He came to Canada with his parents; his father settled at Kingston, and served during the War of 1812, and subsequently died at Owen Sound. Alexander settled at York in 1848, where he was married, by the late Dean Grasett, to a daughter of Lawrence Burns. He soon afterwards engaged in the grocery and dry-goods trade, for several years. He was also manager for Isaac Gilmore and R. A. Hoskins, but owing to failing health he retired from business. He was a member of Holy Trinity Church for many years; at his death he left a family of one son and three daughters: Catharine, married Philip Dwyer, of Troy, N.Y.; Alicia, married William Keiting, of Portsmouth, England. The third daughter married Walter Page, a grocer, of Yorkville.

John C. Clapp, M.D., M.C.P.S.O., was born in New York, U. S., and is the son of James A. Clapp, a mechanic and farmer, who resided in Seneca County, N.Y, Mr. Clapp, sen’r, was a native of Connecticut, and descended from a family whose ancestry is traceable as far back as the eleventh century. In the year 1017, one Osgod Clapp, a Danish noble, settled in England, and was attached to the Court of Canute. For services rendered in the council and war he became possessed of certain lands at Salcombe, in Devonshire, which are still in the hands of the family, and on which at the present time still stands, an old ancestral pile. In 1830 Ebenezer Clapp, lineal descendant of Osgod Clapp, settled in Massachusetts, U. S., and was for many years a printer of the Hampshire (Mass.), Gazette, and was the progenitor of his race on this side of the Atlantic. The subject of our sketch studied his profession at Cincinnati, Ohio, and afterwards engaged in practice in Western New York. He came to Toronto in 1861, and since his advent has obtained a good share of patronage.

Thomas Clark, son of William Clark, of Wilton, near Pickering, Yorkshire, England, was born in 1808, where he lived till the death of his father in 1829; his mother having died some months before. The following year he emigrated to Canada, and after living in what was then known as Little York about two years, he leased and lived on a farm in West York, where some two years later he married Eleanor, daughter of Francis and Mary Linton, natives of Alliston, near Pickering, England. In 1842 he bought and farmed lot 15, 2nd concession, East York; his wife died in February, 1844, leaving three sons and four daughters. In 1847 he married Nancy, daughter of James and Mary Miller, of East York, by whom he had two sons and four daughters. He continued to reside on his farm till 1884, when he sold out and retired, and now lives at his residence, 93 Bleeker Street, Toronto.

John A. Clindinning, boat-builder, was born in Kingston, Ont., in 1826, being the fifth in a family of six children. He was educated and brought up in Toronto, having come here with his parents in 1830. In 1849 he commenced keeping an hotel on what is now the Island, but what was then only a peninsular; he continued the hotel business, as well as boat-building, across the bay until the great storm of 1860, in which the waters of the lake washed completely over the peninsular. He then removed to the city, where he has been ever since. He has obtained the reputation of building some of the finest pleasure boats ever floated on Toronto Bay.

Robert W. Clindinning, printer, was born in the North of Ireland in 1815. His father was David Clindinning, born in the County Monaghan, and a tailor by trade; his mother was a daughter of John Clark, farmer, of the same county. In 1819 his parents with their three children, Matilda, Robert and Emily, left Belfast, Ireland, and emigrated to Canada, where they settled at Gananoque, in Leeds County. Mr. David Clindinning, sen’r, worked at his trade for six years, at the end of which he removed to Kingston, Ont., where he kept an hotel at the Market Square, called the Hibernian Inn; while there his son John A. was born. In 1830 he removed to Little York, where he opened an hotel on Church Street, one door north of what is now the Public Library. He afterwards removed to Rochester, N.Y., and subsequently to Kiantone, N.Y., where he died, May 26th, 1856. His wife died in Toronto, January 30th, 1855. His third son, John A., was born in Kingston. Of his five children, the only living ones are Robert Wilson and John A. Robert W. Clindinning was educated at Kingston, and began to learn the trade of a printer on May 6th, 1831, in the office of the Courier, a Conservative paper, published by George Gurnett, who became Mayor of Toronto in 1837; he was six years there. When that paper was discontinued he worked in the office of the Palladium, a moderate Conservative journal, published by Charles Fothergill; he was a year on that paper. Next he worked for a year on the Star, published by J. F. Cootes, and then in the Upper Canada Gazette, the Government office. From 1840 until 1843 he worked on the Church, a weekly journal, published by Henry Rowsell, and edited by Bishop Bethune, who was then Archdeacon; the Church was removed to Cobourg in 1843. It was in 1843 that the late Hon. George Brown came to Toronto and unfurled the Banner; only three or four printers were employed on that paper, and those who first set type in the office were John McLean, foreman, James Lumsden and our subject. In the following year the Banner was merged into the Globe, which was published in an office comprising two rooms, on the corner of Yonge and King Streets. It was printed on a hand press. It was in the Banner that the article entitled “A Ministerial Crisis,” written by Mr. Peter Brown, Hon. George Brown’s father, and which favoured the Baldwin Government, appeared; the article changed the paper in a great measure. Mr. Clindinning worked on the Globe for three years, and then bought a printing office in New York, which he sold to Robert R. Smiley, the founder of the Hamilton Spectator. He spent another year on the Globe, after which he went on the British Colonist, a moderate Conservative journal, published by the late Hugh Scobie, on King Street. At Mr. Scobie’s death in 1853, the paper was sold to Mr. Samuel Thompson, who continued it until 1860; Sheppard & Morrison then took charge of it; it was Sheppard who wrote the celebrated article “Whither are we Drifting?” In 1860 the copyright was sold to the Leader, on which paper Mr. Clindinning worked from 1860 until 1878; since the latter year he has been working in Dudley & Burns’ book room. Mr. Clindinning has seen much that was exciting in the early days of Toronto. He witnessed the execution of a York farmer who roasted his child, and that of Julia Murdock, the servant girl who poisoned with arsenic her mistress, the wife of John Roddy, merchant; he also saw the execution of Lount and Matthews, for participating in the Mackenzie Rebellion. Mr. Clindinning has been a strong Reformer. One of his sisters, Matilda, died of the cholera in 1834.

Nicholas Clinkenbroomer, deceased, was of German origin, being the son of a wealthy gentleman. When a young man he had every advantage of a good education, and on reaching his majority he had acquired three languages, English, French and German. One evening when walking out in a sea-port town in his native country, he was taken by a press-gang with others, and hurried on board of an English ship of war and brought to Quebec, where he fought under Major-General Wolfe upon the Plains of Abraham, 1759; also participated in the battle of Bunker Hill, Boston, June 17th, 1795; and served at Saratoga under General Burgoyne, June 17th, 1777, where the British forces were made prisoners of war to Major-General Gates of the American army. After the close of the Revolution, he had the choice of being returned to his native country or of receiving a grant of land in Upper Canada. He accepted the latter, and drew one hundred acres near Dundas, Ontario. He first took up his residence at Newark (now Niagara), where he worked for William Jones, an army tailor. One year later he engaged with the North-Western Fur Company, as an Indian trader. In 1795 he settled in York, on the corner of what is now Adelaide and Jarvis Streets, and began business on the present site of the Post Office, being the first tailor in York. On January 4th, 1799, there not being an English Church clergyman within eighteen miles of the place, he was married by John Wilson, J.P., to Sarah White, the witnesses being John Clarke and Hugh McPhee. He died at York in 1807, leaving three sons, the eldest, Charles, born on Duchess Street in 1790. When a mere boy he was bound out as an apprentice to Jordan Post, the first silversmith and watch-maker of York. After serving his apprenticeship he began business for himself on the south side of King Street, near Church, which he continued until 1870. He married Hannah, daughter of John Anderson, of Eglinton, by whom he left eight children. In politics he was a strong Reformer, and subscribed for the first copy of the Leader issued in Toronto. The Globe was a welcome visitor at his residence until his death. Although repeatedly solicited to accept municipal honours, he declined. Many of the old families of York retain silverware and clocks made by his skilful hand, and although nearly a century old they show but little the effects of age. Charles Edward, 71 Major Street, eldest son of the above, was born in Toronto in 1841, and married Martha, daughter of John Campbell. Eliza, the fourth daughter, married John Alexander, a native of York, at whose residence, Baldwin Street, her father passed the remaining years of his life and died in 1881. Thomas, the youngest, married Sarah, daughter of John Wright, of Parkdale. Joseph Clinkenbroomer, deceased, the second son of Nicholas and Sarah Clinkenbroomer, was born at York in 1801. At the age of fourteen was bound out to James Ross, a tailor of York, with whom he served seven years. The price he received for making a suit of clothes was five dollars. He was twice married, first to Theresa, eldest daughter of Jonathan Hale; second to Ann Finck. He died May 24th, 1884, being the oldest native-born resident of York, except one. Three sons, and one daughter survive him. William Henry, the eldest, was born in Toronto, 1834. At the age of fourteen he went to the Township of Vaughan and learned the trade of carpenter and joiner; when twenty-two years of age he married Elizabeth, youngest daughter of Donald Gilchrist, from the Island of Islay. In 1867, during the Fenian Raids, he served six months on the frontier at Fort Erie, in the Volunteer Corps, and under Major George D. Denison. Since that date he has been engaged in contracting and building. In early life he acquired the trade of blacksmith and is at present located at 667 Queen Street West. In 1866 he married Ann, daughter of John Sweetman.

W. C. Cook was born in the parish of Houston, Norfolk, England, being the son of one Warrener Cook. Our subject came to Canada in 1818, and for one year followed boating on the Ottawa. He came to this city in 1830, and for some time was head wheelsman on a boat that traded between Kingston and Toronto and other ports. He next settled in Kingston, and opened a general store where he remained two years, subsequently returning to Toronto and purchasing some property on King Street. This was in 1830, and the price paid for sixty-six feet was $300. He also owned three vessels which traded on the lakes. Mr. Cook has been twice married, first to Maria, daughter of James Ellis, a woollen draper of Nottinghamshire, England. His second wife was Eliza Cramp, who was a native of Kent. He has one son and two daughters living. Mr. Cook is a Reformer in politics, and in religion a member of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. He is the eldest living ratepayer in St. David’s Ward, and has paid taxes since 1834.

Reuben Coons, real estate agent, was born in the Township of Matilda, County of Dundas, in 1825, being the third son of Jacob and Rebecca (Brady) Coons. Mr. Coons’ father and grandfather were U.E. Loyalists, who served all through the American War of 1812. On his father’s side his people came direct from Holland, his grandfather settled in the Township of Matilda, County of Dundas, with his four sons. His father was engaged in farming until 1829, when he removed with his family to Prescott, where he died in 1882, aged ninety-five years. His grandfather died on his farm in the Township of Matilda. Reuben Coons spent his school-days in Prescott, under the instruction of the Rev. Reuben Tupper, after which he began business as a clerk, with his uncle Samuel Brady, who was in partnership with Mr. Horton, M.P. He kept a general store in Prescott. He remained there four years, and then went to work for a man named Alfred Jones. In 1836 he went to Kingston with his brother Nicholas, who engaged in the dry-goods business; he was clerk for him eight years. In June, 1844, he came to Toronto with his brother, who opened a dry-goods store on King Street, opposite Toronto Street. After three years he served Romain Bros., as clerk, for one year. He then spent a year in Hamilton and Brantford, and afterwards returned to Toronto, where he has been ever since. He worked for Peter Patterson; after that he entered the employ of the Grand Trunk Railway Company, he was there twelve years, furnishing supplies to the railroad men. After that he went to William Burke, where he ran a planer four years, since which time he has acted in the capacity of a general agent, renting houses, etc. He is a member of the Queen Street Methodist Church, being a steward and treasurer of the poor fund of that church. In politics he is a Conservative. His first wife was Frances E., daughter of John Murchison; and his second wife Anne, daughter of James Watson. He has one daughter living.

William Corner, deceased, was born in Yamaska, Province of Quebec, Canada, in 1831. He was the third son of Charles Corner. In 1852 he became associated with the mechanical department of the Grand Trunk Railway as car foreman, which position he held until his death in 1884, being at that time the oldest employé on the road. In 1848 he married, in Montreal, a daughter of Robert Finley; he left five sons and five daughters. He belonged to the A.O.U.W., from which his family received $2,000; he also belonged to the Royal Arcanum, from which his family received $3,000. He joined the Freemasons twenty-five years previous to his death, and continued a member of that fraternity. His son, John J., lives over the Don.

George Gillespie Crawford, Doctor of Medicine, was born in 1809, on St. Joseph’s Island, where his father, Louis Crawford, a U. E. Loyalist in New York State, was in the employ of the Northern Land Company. His father afterwards went to England, where he died. His mother was Jessie Mitchell, daughter of Dr. Mitchell, of the 8th Regiment. Our subject being young when his father died, he was taken care of by his uncle’s partner, George Gillespie, who had him educated at Bothwell. He afterwards took a course at Edinburgh University. He then became an apprentice with Dr. Alexander Gillespie, with whom he served his time. In 1829 he came to Canada and went to Penetanguishene, where he succeeded his uncle, Dr. David Mitchell, as surgeon in the 8th King’s Own Regiment. In 1830 he settled permanently in Toronto, and began a business partnership with Newbigen & Co., as a sleeping partner. Dr. Crawford has been twice married; first, to Marion Maitland in 1855; his second wife was Elizabeth, widow of James Sams (one of the English Cricketing Eleven) and daughter of Sergeant Hurley, Her Majesty’s 81st Regiment. He has three daughters and two sons.

Colonel F. W. Cumberland, deceased, was born at London, England, September 10th, 1820. After receiving a liberal education he served several years apprenticeship as an architect, and later entered the service of the Great Western Railway Company, London, England. He subsequently filled a Government appointment in the Portsmouth dockyards, until 1848. One year later he came to Toronto, received the appointment of Engineer of the Home District, and had charge of the York Roads from 1849. For a period of ten years, he followed his profession of architect, during which time he designed St. James’ Cathedral, the old Post Office, and the Normal School. In 1852 Mr. W. G. Storm became a partner in his business, which continued for seven years, during which time they designed the University of Toronto, Osgoode Hall, and many other public and private buildings. During the great Exhibition held in London, England, he visited that city as one of the Canadian representatives of our Government. In 1859 he received the appointment of Chief Engineer of the Northern Railroad, the following year became Managing Director, which position he held until his death, 1881. Under his efficient management the road made great progress, and by many kind and generous acts, he greatly endeared himself to the officials and employés, and as a tribute to his memory, they erected, at Allendale, after his death, a bronze monument. In 1861 he organized a regiment of mechanics, called the 10th Royals, of which he received a commission as Colonel. During the Fenian Raid in 1866. he largely assisted the staff by superintending the transportation of the troops. In 1865, he received the appointment of Provincial Aide-de-Camp, from which he retired in 1868, receiving the thanks of Lord Dufferin. At the time of his death he was a member of the Masonic body, one of the Council of Trinity College, Vice-President of the Canadian Institute, and member of the St. George’s Society, of which he was President in 1855 and 1856. He was also President of the Mechanics’ Institute. In politics he was a Conservative, and represented the District of Algoma in the Ontario Legislature for three years, and for one year occupied a seat in the House of Commons, during which time he was considered a man of quick perception, good judgment and a fluent speaker. He ever retained his youthful spirit. At the time of his death he was President of the Toronto Cricket Club. His esteemed wife, Wilmot Bramley, by whom he left a family of five children, one son and four daughters, survived him at the age of sixty-three. Barlow Cumberland was born at Portsmouth, England, 1849; came to Toronto the same year, where he was educated at the Grammar School, and subsequently at Cheltenham College, England; afterwards took a degree of M. A., at Trinity College, Toronto, entered Osgoode Hall and studied law, under Osier & Moss, until 1871, since which time he has been General Passenger Agent for various railway and steamship lines. He has also held a captaincy of the 10th Royals since 1874, and was elected President of the St. George’s Society in 1883.

Patrick Cunningham (Old Fort) was born in Dublin, Ireland, 1842. He came to Canada at the time the Trent affair was likely to lead to war between Great Britain and the United States, with the 16th Foot, under the command of Colonel Peacock, and remained in Montreal about two years. In 1863 he came to Toronto and assisted in establishing the first military school in Canada. After handing it over to the 47th Regiment he did duty in several cities of Western Canada, and also at the Thorold Instructive Camp, all in connection with the service. In 1867 he gave up matters military, and entered the Railway Company’s service for three years, part of which time he acted as conductor. A knowledge of carpentering gave him the opportunity of exercising his talents in that direction for ten years, and even now he occasionally handles the tools of his trade. Mr. Cunningham has been a member of the Queen’s Own for eleven years, ten of which he has occupied the honourable position of Sergeant-Major.

Edward Dack, boot and shoemaker, 73 King Street West, was born in Stradbally, Queen’s County, Ireland, in 1834. His father, Matthew Dack, was a hardware merchant, and emigrated to Canada with his family in 1834. He began a boot and shoe business in Kingston, and afterwards engaged in that line in Toronto, in the place now occupied by his son. He died in 1842. Since then the business has been carried on by his son, who does a large trade. In 1850 Edward Dack married Jane Nixon, by whom he had four sons and three daughters. He has one son in business in Toronto (E. Dack & Son), and one in the United States. Mr. Dack does not take a very active part in politics; he votes for principle rather than party. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and in his seventy-first year still continues hale and hearty.

W. Darlington, deceased, is a native of Shropshire, England, where he was born in 1814. He came out to Canada in 1849, and engaged in business as felt and gravel roofer, which he continued to conduct until his death, April 18th, 1881. He was the first to introduce the felt and gravel roofing business in this country, and being a man of energy ability, and steady habits, he amassed considerable property. His wife’s maiden name was Frances Burton; she was from England also. Mr. Darlington was a member of the Toronto Hunt and Gun Clubs, and, being a splendid rider as well as a capital shot, added in no small degree to the reputation enjoyed by the respective clubs. He was a Reformer in politics, and a member for upwards of twenty years of the Richmond Street Methodist Church. At his death he left one son, named W. H. Darlington, who is engaged in job printing; he resides at 63½ Mutual Street.

John Davis is a native of Staffordshire, England, and came to Canada in 1880. Three years later he accepted his present position as caretaker of the Toronto Medical School.

Samuel H. Defries was born in Toronto, being the son of Robert Defries, a native of Devonport, County of Devon, England, who came to Little York, now Toronto, in 1829. The latter was for thirty-six years Postmaster in the Legislative Assembly, and after Confederation occupied the same position in the House of Commons, till his death in 1871. He died at his residence on Old Mill Road, and was buried by the York Pioneers, of which body he was a member. His wife was Susan, daughter of George K. Fealstead, from Tyrone, Ireland, by whom he had a family of six sons, viz.: Richard, Robert, George, Samuel, John and Mark; the last named was shot at Ridgeway, during the Fenian Raid of 1866, being at that time Corporal in No. 3 Company, Queen’s Own Rifles. The subject of this sketch, Samuel H., at the age of fourteen went on a whaling voyage in the ship Navigator, of Edgartown, Mass., U. S., which occupation he followed seven years, then returned to Toronto, and has since been in the employ of the Grand Trunk Railway Company. In 1859, be married Sophia, daughter of George Ernest, of Toronto, by whom he has one child, a daughter. The only other surviving member of the family of Robert Defries is Richard, the eldest son.

James Acland De La Hooke, surgeon, is a native of Plymouth, Devonshire, England. He was born in 1814, and studied his profession at the Hunterian Theatre of Anatomy, King’s College, London University, and St. George’s Hospital, of that city, and was granted his diploma by the Royal College of Surgeons, England, in the year 1837. Two years after this he came to Canada and settled in Weston, where he practised his profession for many years. In 1870 he came to Toronto, where he now resides, and still practises his profession. In 1872 he was appointed a coroner for Toronto and County of York. Dr. De La Hook was in 1842 gazetted Surgeon to the first Huron Regiment of Militia, and has been attached to various regiments in the Province. In 1879 be was promoted to the rank of Surgeon Major, and he at present occupies the position of Senior Surgeon Major in the Dominion. Dr. De La Hook has twice married, first to Miss Sarah England, who died at Weston in 1846. His second union was with Miss Maria Louisa Denison. He has three sons living, James Acland, E. Dillon A., and T. D. Auley.

Charles Leslie Denison, Dufferin Street, was born in york in 1841, his father being George Taylor Denison. He is the youngest child by his father’s third wife. He has been engaged in farming nearly all his life, and now owns property in Toronto. He has been a member of the York Township Council. In 1859 he was commissioned a Cornet in the Governor-General’s Body Guard and received a lieutenant’s commission in 1861, but is now on the retired list. In 1882 he married a daughter of the late E. C. Fisher.

E. P. Denison was born in Weston in 1835, his father being Thomas John Denison, a farmer. He spent his early life in Weston, farming and store-keeping. In 1878 he removed to Toronto. He is now, and has been for twelve years, connected with the Governor-General’s Body Guard, in which he holds the rank of Captain. In Nov., 1882, he married a daughter of Major John Paul, of Weston.

Captain James Dick is a native of Argyleshire, Scotland, and was born in 1826. At the age of sixteen he began life as a sailor before the mast in the merchant service. He came to Canada in 1838, and took up his residence in Toronto, and in 1839, in conjunction with his brother, Thomas Dick, commenced sailing on the lakes, an occupation which they successfully followed for many years. His connection with the different lines of steamers which operated in the early days was large and varied, and we ought not to omit to mention that Captain Dick, in company with several other influential celebrities, ran the first steamer on the north shore of Lake Superior. This was in 1858. The same combination has the “Mail” contract from Collingwood to Fort Garry, and we may incidentally notice that one letter and two newspapers occupied the bag on the first trip, in 1858.

James Isaac Dickey was born in Belfast, Ireland and came to Toronto in 1847. He sailed in company with his brother, the remainder of the family coming the year after. Both parents have died since their arrival. James was a machinist by trade, and for a year worked in this city for Mr. Spencer, whose establishment was on Yonge Street. He subsequently obtained a situation as Mechanical Superintendent at the Susquehanna Depot of the New York and Erie Railway. In 1852 he returned to Toronto and, in company with his brother and brother-in-law, purchased a lot on Beverley Street, on which they built and established the Soho Foundry and steam engine works. This business was conducted with success until 1876, when James and Nathaniel Dickey retired, leaving the business to Mr. Neil, their brother-in-law, who conducted it as Neil & Son. At Mr. Neil’s death, in 1879, the business was closed. Mr. Dickey took an active interest in the formation of the 10th Royals Regiment.

John Dill, painter, was born on Bay Street, Little York, in 1833. His father was Alexander Dill and came to Canada from the North of Ireland in 1827. In 1828 he married Jane, daughter of Robert McCormick, by whom he had the following children: Sarah, married James Hughes, Toronto; Margaret, married J. Ashfield, Toronto; William, lives in New Orleans, La.; Mary Ann, married Alfred Booth, Toronto; Robert, lives in Toronto; Jane, lives in Cleveland, O.; Elizabeth, a widow, lives in Toronto. Alexander Dill worked in George Ketchum’s tannery, corner of Yonge and Queen Streets, for twelve years; then he was employed in the Sheriff’s Office and in the Police Office, until his death in 1851. He served in the Rebellion of 1837-8. His father and mother came to Canada one year after he came out. John Dill was six years in the employ of A. R. Leonard, with whom he learned his trade. He afterwards started business for himself and has continued it ever since. In 1853 he was married to Sarah Ann, only daughter of William Hughes. In politics he is a strong Conservative, and takes an active part in political matters. He sat at the Council Board, during 1876-7-8, as a representative of St. Patrick’s Ward. In religion he is a Presbyterian. Mr. Dill was connected with the Masonic Society, with the Orange Body and with the Irish Protestant Benevolent Association.

John Dixon, carriage manufacturer, was born in Toronto, March 8th, 1837, and is the youngest of a family of five children, born to William and Elizabeth (Smith) Dixon, who came to Toronto from the State of New York in 1833. His father, who was a bricklayer by trade, was born in Lincolnshire, England; he was a Sergeant-Major during the Rebellion of 1837-8, and served in Toronto, Kingston, Malaga, Chippewa, and participated in the cutting loose of the Caroline. He died at the age of sixty-five years. Mr. Dixon’s mother is still living, at the advanced age of ninety-one years. Of the five children three sons are living, two daughters being dead. Mr. Dixon learned his trade in Toronto, and now gives employment to about forty-five men. In 1862 he married Ellen, eldest daughter of William Hampson, who came from England and settled in Toronto some years ago. He was a builder and built Upper Canada College.

JAMES DOBSON.

James Dobson, postmaster, Yorkville, is the eldest son of Matthew and Ann Park Dobson, his birthplace being Mohill, County of Leitrim, Ireland. He was born in 1810 and is now in his seventy-fifth year. His ancestry is traceable to the persecuted Huguenots who took refuge in England in the seventeenth century. His father served in the Leitrim Militia, and was Quartermaster-Sergeant for nearly twenty years, receiving his discharge and a pension at the close of the French war. He came to Canada, and died here in his eighty-eighth year. When seventeen years of age, the subject of this memoir was bound an apprentice to Francis Irwin, Esq., architect and builder, of Carrick-on-Shannon, for seven years, and on completing his term came to Canada. This was in 1834. He did not reach Toronto until some time in the following year, having spent the winter in the older Province. He worked with the late George H. White, of Yorkville, for a season, afterwards removing to New York, where he remained till within a short time previous to the Rebellion of 1837 breaking out. On his return he settled in Yorkville, purchasing a house and lot a little south of the site of the Town Hall, and worked there at his trade. The Rebellion having commenced, he took up arms and joined a company of volunteers, under the captaincy of Walter McKenzie, Esq., with John Hillyard Cameron, Esq., as Lieutenant. Mr. Dobson, like others of his countrymen, took up arms in defence of law and order, but when the affair was over and the passions and prejudices of the moment had subsided, he was compelled to admit in a great part, that something in the cause of the Rebels was not unmixed with justice. Our subject carried on the building trade until his marriage, in 1840, to Sarah Ann, daughter of the late Captain Moore, of the Township of York, a veteran of 1812, who fought under General Brock, and was wounded at the Battle of Queenston Heights. The issue of the marriage was a family of eight children, two of whom died at an early age; three sons and three daughters are yet living: William Egerton, James Haines and Charles Albert; Sarah, Anne Eliza and Edith. During the early portion of Mr. Dobson’s residence in Yorkville the population was small but steadily increasing, and several brick manufactories were accumulating in the neighbourhood. The moral and religious welfare of this rising community was, however, not all that could be desired, there being no schools and only a small frame church, built by the Primitive Methodists, but afterwards sold to the Wesleyan Methodists. Mr. Dobson gave up his house for religious services and Sabbath school while a church was being built, and also took a deep and active interest in getting a school and temperance hall established. We may add that the present school-house and grounds are not inferior to any in the Province. In the year 1852, when Yorkville became incorporated, Mr. Dobson was one of the chief instruments in bringing about this desirable accomplishment, going into the matter with an energy and interest that could not fail to secure its object. At the first election the chosen were John Sleigh, butcher; John Severn, brewer; James Wallis, blacksmith; Thomas Atkinson, brickmaker, and James Dobson, builder, the latter being chosen first reeve of the new municipality. He remained a member of the Council seven years, and filled the chair on two occasions. Mr. Dobson retired from the building business in 1851, having got together a considerable amount of landed property. He opened a general store and was at this time appointed postmaster of Yorkville. In the year 1863 he was made a J.P. for the County of York; in 1868, Commissioner of Affidavits in B.R.; in 1870 he was appointed agent for marriage licenses, all of which positions he at present holds. He is an office-bearer and trustee of the Bloor Street Methodist Church, Toronto. In concluding our necessarily condensed record of Mr. Dobson’s life and labours, we should say that both in public and private life he is recognized by all as a man of strict integrity and unblemished reputation. In connection with his public duties he is courteous, considerate and obliging, while in private life his hand is ever ready to relieve the needy, or he will give wholesome advice to those in misfortune. In politics Mr. Dobson’s opinions are decidedly favourable to the Liberal cause, his ideas having undergone a complete change after the Rebellion of 1837. One other great motive in his life has been to promote the temperance cause, and it has ever been his consuming desire to see Prohibition the law throughout the land.

John William Drummond, deceased, was born in Little York, September 2nd, 1817. His parents were John and Mary (Lloyd) Drummond, who came to Canada from Chester, England, in 1811. His mother died when he was an infant. After the death of his wife, John Drummond placed his children in the care of friends and relatives, and embarked upon a whaling expedition, from which he never returned. John William Drummond, was apprenticed to Jacques & Hay, furniture manufacturers, and at the age of twenty-one went to New York, where he remained two years. In 1840 he returned to Toronto, and began the manufacture of furniture in partnership with his brother-in-law, John Haigh, who was succeeded on his death, in 1848, by James Thompson; in 1850 Mr. Thompson returned to Montreal, and then business was discontinued. Mr. Drummond then engaged in the lumbering business, Yonge Street, until July, 1868, when his stock being destroyed by fire, he decided to retire. On April 22nd, 1847, he married Hester Ann, second daughter of John Doel, by whom he had five daughters. Mr. Drummond was elected to represent St. James’ Ward in the City Council in 1865, but resigned the honour at the end of a few months on account of ill-health. In 1877 he was commissioned a Justice of the Peace. For many years he was one of the Board of Directors of the House of Industry. He was a consistent member of the Methodist Church up to his death, which occurred September 9th, 1881.

J. W. DRUMMOND.

Joseph Duggan is a native of this city, and a York Pioneer, having been born in 1832, and was a son of Thomas Duggan, a native of Ireland, who came to Canada in 1827, and died in Toronto in 1854. Mr. Joseph Duggan in 1851 commenced business at the corner of King and Princess Streets. In 1872 he bought a farm on Kingston Road, on which he erected an hotel. This he carried on for two years, afterwards renting it, and built the beautiful homestead where he now resides, known as Woodbine Park. He subsequently built the hotel on the race track, called the Woodbine Park Club-house, which he occupied for four years; he then retired to the homestead, which he has again rented, and is now living at 539 Church Street, Toronto.

William Duncan, deceased, was born in the County Donegal, Ireland, in 1780, and in 1825, came to Canada and located on lot 25, concession 3, East York, where he took up four hundred acres of uncleared land, half being in York, and half in Markham Townships. This he improved and cultivated and resided upon until his death, which occurred in 1865. He married Mary Fletcher, of Dublin, who died in 1813, leaving six children. He married again, Mrs. Lackie being his second wife, and by whom he had three children. The only living representative of the family by the first marriage is William Duncan, born in 1812. He lived upon the old homestead till 1867, when he retired from farming and removed to the city, where he still resides. He married in 1852, Margaret McGuire, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, who died in 1858.

Jonathan Dunn, deceased, was born at Bridlington, Yorkshire, England, in 1798, being the youngest son in a family of five children; his parents died when he was quite young. At the age of twenty-five he, in company with his brother, arrived in York, and began business at St. Lawrence Market as a butcher. When St. Patrick’s Market was completed he removed to the latter place, where he continued the same business until a few years previous to his death, which occurred in 1864. During the Rebellion of 1837 he held a contract under the Government to furnish the supplies to the garrison. In 1843 he was elected to represent St. Patrick’s Ward in the City Council, which office he held until 1863, when he retired from the deliberations of the council board. When eighteen years of age, he was stricken with a severe illness caused by over exertion; he then embraced religion, and ever after maintained his Christian character. When the Queen Street Methodist Church was built, he was one of the board of trustees, and was a very active member until his death. As a member of the church he was ever true to her interests. A distinguishing feature of his life was his integrity in public or in private. As a man of business he fully maintained his character; his word was unquestioned; his honesty gained for him the esteem and respect of all, and at his death as an expression of sympathy and the respect in which he was held, many places of business in the city were closed. Mr. Dunn was twice married. His first wife was Anna Pickenny; she died soon after his arrival in New York, leaving three children, one son and two daughters; John Dunn, the eldest; Mrs. John Lee, Rochester, N.Y; Mrs. James Wallis, dead. His second marriage was to Jane, eldest daughter of John Wallis, who formerly kept the old Red Lion Hotel on Colborne Street; by her he had five sons and four daughters, as follows: Mary Jane, wife of William Wharin, 47 King Street West; William, dead; James R., City Weigh-master; Mrs. W. L. Wilkinson; S. C. Dunn, farmer, in East York; Wallis, a farmer in Toronto Township; Jonathan, living in Detroit; Rosa, wife of W. C. Stratton, Inland Revenue Department; Lillie M., wife of John Ritchie, 91 King Street West. James R. Dunn, third son of the above, was born in Toronto in 1839, at the old home on the Denison property, north side of Queen Street; received his early education in Toronto. He succeeded his father in business. In 1864 when Mr. Jonathan Dunn, sen’r, retired from the Council, he was chosen Alderman to represent St. Patrick’s Ward, which office he held during 1864, 1865 and 1866. In 1874-’75 he represented St. Andrew’s Ward, at the expiration of which time he received the appointment of City Weigh-master, which office he now holds. He served as a volunteer in Colonel George T. Denison’s Cavalry for three years. On December 15th, 1860, he married Frances, youngest daughter of Adam Rolph, of London, England. Our subject has been a Freemason for many years, and was Worthy Master of Occident Lodge, 346, in 1883. He has been a member of the Odd-fellows for twenty years, and is also a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen.

Charles Durand, barrister. His ancestors were originally of French extraction. In about 1690 the Durands were among the Huguenots who settled in England and were made citizens by patent in Queen Anne’s reign. His great-grandfather was Charles Durand; the name Charles having been in the family for generations. His grandfather, Charles Durand, was an officer in the British army, and was stationed on the Welsh border where his son, the late Captain James Durand, the father of our subject, was born in 1776. His father came to Canada about the year 1800, and commenced business as a merchant in Montreal, where he remained several years. He then opened a store, and bought a large farm at Long Point, near Simcoe, Norfolk. In 1805 he bought and removed to a two-hundred acre farm which he had purchased in the then Village, now City, of Hamilton. His first wife, an English lady, was killed in 1805, while descending the then dangerous mountain pass at Hamilton; by her he had four children, viz.: Maria, born 1798, and still living near Hamilton; James, Harriet and George, three of whom were born in England. In 1807 he married his second wife, a daughter of Hugh Morrison, a Revolutionary soldier, who fought under Washington, by whom he had five children, as follows:— Henry, born in 1808; Charles, born in 1811; Ferdinand, born in 1813; Alonzo, born in 1814; Ellen, born in 1816; all of whom are dead, excepting Charles. During the War of 1812-’14 his father commanded a very large flank company of militia, and took an active part in the Battle of Queenston Heights, where General Brock was killed. In 1815 he removed to a point on the Bay of Quinté, and two years later returned to a farm near Hamilton. From 1814 to 1822, he was a member of the Upper Canada Legislature. In 1820 he bought a large farm, seven miles from Brantford, and remained there until near the time of his death in 1833. He was Registrar of the Counties of Halton and Wentworth for about twenty years. His second wife died in 1828. Charles Durand, the subject of this sketch, was born in 1811, in Hamilton, and received his early education at Hamilton and Dundas. In 1829 he was articled to the late Robert Berrie, a Scotch barrister, at Hamilton, and in February, 1835, was admitted to practise as an attorney, and in February, 1836, was admitted as a barrister. He practised his profession in Hamilton until the end of 1837. After the troubles of 1837, he went to Buffalo, and thence to Chicago, practising his profession in the latter city from 1839 until 1844, when he returned to Toronto, where he has ever since resided. In April, 1837, he married Sarah, a daughter of Lardner Bostwick, one of the pioneer settlers of Toronto, and one of its first aldermen. She at her death, in 1855, left six daughters, four of whom are married. In 1858 he married Mary Ann Bradshaw, a daughter of the late James Bradshaw, of Hamilton, belonging to a large and numerous family of U. E. Loyalists of the Niagara District, by whom he had six children, two sons and four daughters, four of whom are living; two daughters being dead. The subject of this sketch has been a practising lawyer for over fifty years, and is still engaged in the practice of the law at his advanced age. He has also been a contributor to the political and literary periodicals in Canada since the year 1832, and owned and edited a paper of his own from 1851 to 1854, extensively circulated and devoted to temperance principles, literature and general news.

John Eagle, retired, was born in the suburbs of London, England, in 1820, and at the age of twenty-three came to Canada. He first settled in Brant County, taking up 200 acres of land, on which he lived and laboured nine years. At the end of this period it was taken from him by the Government, who desired it for the Indian Reserve, he receiving no compensation, after having devoted some of the best years of his life to its cultivation. In 1853 be came to Weston and rented a small hotel, where he did business for some years. He afterwards bought the place, and erected near the site his large and commodious hotel, called the Eagle House, where he lived until 1884, retiring then from business and removing to this city. During his stay in Brant County Mr. Eagle underwent all the hardships and dangers incident to pioneer life, being frequently a mark for the Indian bullets, the latter looking upon the settlers as interlopers. Mr. Eagle for several years did an extensive business in Weston as brickmaker, farmer and hotel proprietor, besides taking great interest in the construction of macadamized roads leading into the city. Mr. Eagle has been twice married.

James Edgar, M.D., was born in Wentworth County in 1824; he entered the ministry of the late Primitive Methodist Church in 1846, and continued in service until 1880, when failing health compelled him to retire. He is now engaged in medical practice in this city.

Humphrey Elliott was born in the North of Ireland in 1831, where he remained until 1839, being the second son of Thomas Elliott, deceased, who first located at Ottawa on his arrival in Canada, where he stopped a short time, coming to Kingston and Toronto in 1840. The subject of this sketch learned the moulder’s trade, which he worked at until 1855, when he engaged in boarding-house keeping. He located on the corner of Richmond and Victoria Streets, where he continued up to 1876. He afterwards retired and purchased some property on Wellesley Street, where he erected two brick houses. He now owns Nos. 88, 90 and 92. In 1854 he married Miss Mary McArthur.

John W. Elliott is a lineal descendant of John Elliott, who composed one of that now historical body, the “Pilgrim Fathers.” He was born in Leicester, Mass., September 7th, 1822, and in early life learned the dentistry profession, which he followed for many years in different cities before his arrival in Canada. He established himself in Toronto in 1858, where he has since remained, having gathered together a large practice.

Thomas William Elliott, coal, wood, flour and feed merchant, was born in the Township of York in 1840. His father was Edward Elliott, who came to Canada in 1834 from England, and took up land in the Township of York, where he died at the age of sixty-seven years. His mother, Susannah Smith, was a daughter of William Smith, who fought under General Brock, and was killed at the Battle of Queenston Heights. Thomas W. Elliott came to Toronto in 1867, and engaged in the coal, wood and feed business, to which he still adheres. In 1868 he was married to Ellen, fourth daughter of John Grey, a Scotchman, one of the oldest settlers in York County. In politics he is a Reformer; in religion belongs to the Methodist Church. Mr. Elliott is connected with the City Council; he was elected alderman for St. Matthew’s Ward last year, and re-elected in 1885.

John Ellis, No. 1 Wood Lane, Yorkville, was born in Yorkshire, England, at a place called White Cross, on the 28th of March, 1810. Mr. Ellis was brought up on a farm. In 1831 he came to Canada with his wife, Rachael Johnson Ellis, When he first came to Toronto he went to work for the Hon. Wm. Allen; afterwards rented a farm in York Township, where he was nine years engaged at farming, after which he returned to Yorkville, purchased property and built eight houses. In 1872 he retired. He is a Conservative and a member of the English Church. When he came to Yorkville the old Red Lion Hotel was the only building in the village.

John Ellis, deceased, was born in Norwich, England, in 1795, and was an engraver by trade. In 1828 he married Rhoda, daughter of George Charles Bunting, by whom he had four children; two of them died in England. In 1836 he came to Canada, and, locating in Toronto, took up his residence on King Street, near Simcoe Street. He was engaged in business until 1868. In politics he was a Conservative, and in religion a member of the Church of England, He took a great interest in music, especially classical. At his death he left two children, a son and a daughter.

Remelius Elmsley is of English extraction, his grandfather, John Elmsley, having emigrated from Yorkshire in the year 1795. He received his education in England, and was intended for the bar. His legal knowledge, combined with administrative talents of a high order, secured for him the position of Chief Justice of Upper Canada, which he filled for about five years. He was in the Upper House of the Legislature, and occupied the post of Speaker. He died in Montreal in 1805. He left a family of one son and two daughters. Our subject’s father was born in 1801, and at the age of seventeen joined the Royal Navy, in which he served for a number of years, retiring in 1827 on half-pay. He took up his residence in Canada about this time, and after a useful life died in 1863. Mr. R. Elmsley is the youngest son of the family.

H. A. Engelhardt, Superintendent Mount Pleasant Cemetery, was born in Milhauson, Prussia, in 1832. His father was Major Christopher Engelhardt; his mother’s name was Damme; he was the only son. He received his education in the University College, Berlin, where he studied those subjects which would fit him for his profession of a civil engineer. He completed his studies when nineteen years of age. According to custom he spent two years in the sharp-shooters’ guard, located in Berlin, and one year as volunteer; he served in Schleswig-Holstein. In 1851 he came to America and located at Baltimore, where he became a landscape gardener; he spent a year assisting in the laying out of Central Park, New York. He lived in North Carolina and Virginia until 1870, when he came to Canada, where he has since been engaged in laying out public grounds and cemeteries, including Government works; subsequently designing most of the recent cemeteries and public parks of Ontario.

John Farr, deceased, was born in Hertfordshire, England, 1782, and settled in York, U. C, about the year 1815. He was by occupation a brewer, and was the pioneer of that business in this city, which he carried on for a number of years. His career was marked by that success which never fails to attend perseverance, integrity and straightforwardness of purpose, and in all business affairs he was highly respected. His death occurred in 1874, in the ninety-second year of his age. He married, in 1821, Mary Bishop, a native of London, England, who died in 1882.

James Farrell, retired, was born in the County of Derry in 1808. His parents were James and Margaret (Atkinson) Farrell; his mother died in Ireland. In 1831 he came to Canada, without a trade and without money; but nothing daunted he got a horse and cart and went as carter, which he continued for fifteen years. He afterwards set up a grocery store in Queen Street West. Then he kept the General Brock Hotel. About twenty-five years ago he retired from business. Mr. Farrell served for two years in the cavalry. For four years he represented St. John’s Ward in the City Council. He has two daughters, but no sons; one daughter is married to Charles Shields, of this city; and the other is married to Dr. Ross, of Thunder Bay.

Arthur E. Fisher, music professor, was born in England in 1848, and came to Canada in 1879, locating first in Montreal, where he was engaged as organist of St. George’s Church nearly three years. He studied in Paris under the principal violinist of the Conservatoire of Music, and at Trinity College, London, under Henry Holmes. Mr. Fisher devotes himself chiefly to voice tuition and the theory of music (harmony and counterpoint), and has lately sent up a number of lady pupils to the examination at the University of Trinity College for the degree of music, the first instance of the kind in Canada. He is also the originator of the St. Cecilia Madrigal Society.

Edward Fisher, organist and professor of music, 12 Wilton Crescent, was born in the United States and came to Canada in 1875. He first located in Ottawa, where he had charge of the musical department of the Ottawa Ladies’ College. He studied the organ under Eugene Thayer, composition with Julius Eichberg, and piano with J. B. Sharland. Mr. Fisher resided in Burton during his studentship with these masters, holding during this period various important positions in that city as organist and pianist. He finished his education at Berlin, Prussia, under the organist, Haupt, and the pianist and composer, Loeschhorn. Leaving Ottawa in 1879, he removed to Toronto, having accepted the position as organist of St. Andrew’s Church, and a few months later formed the “St. Andrew’s Choral Society,” latterly known as the “Toronto Choral Society,” numbering now about three hundred active members and four hundred honorary members. Mr. Fisher is also musical director for the Ontario Ladies’ College at Whitby, and for the past year conductor of the “Guelph Choral Union.”

Andrew Fleming was born in the County of Tyrone, Ireland, in 1819, and in 1825 came to Canada with his father, John Fleming, who remained in Quebec until 1830. He moved to Bytown (now Ottawa) afterwards. Andrew is the eldest of the family living. After leaving school he joined the volunteers during the Rebellion of 1837, and remained in the City Guards for seven months afterwards. He subsequently joined the first troop of incorporated dragoons, and remained with them until their disbandment. In 1848 he received the appointment of Usher to the High Court of Queen’s Bench, which position he still retains. He was tax collector for St. John’s Ward, twelve years. In 1841 he married Miss Mary Ann Boddy, daughter of Michael Boddy, by whom he had ten children, seven of whom are still living. He attends the English Church.

James Fleming, seedsman and florist, Yonge Street, is a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, and came to Canada in 1834. He located in Montreal two years, and being a practical gardener and florist worked at his trade. In 1836 he came to Toronto and commenced market gardening on three acres of land west of Yonge and Elm Streets; his present place being part of the original lot. In 1837 he erected a seed store and greenhouses for the sale of plants and seeds which has proved very prosperous as a business venture. In 1864 Mr. Fleming was commissioned a Justice of the Peace for the City of Toronto, and in 1884 received the same honour in connection with the county. In 1877 he was elected alderman for St. John’s Ward, and has since been re-elected for three years. Mr. Fleming is a director of the Horticultural Society and the Industrial Association. In politics he is a Reformer, and in religion a Presbyterian.

McGregor Flight, engineer and architectural draughtsman, City Engineers’ Office, is a native of Kingston-on-Thames, England, eldest son of Thomas Flight, a retired captain of the Greensine Merchant Service. He came to Toronto in 1870. Mr. Flight was articled with Mr. T. Harrington, marine engineer and surveyor, London.

J. C. Forbes is the son of the late Duncan Forbes, builder. Mr. Forbes is a portrait painter by profession, and commenced the practice of his art in Toronto in 1866. In 1876 he exhibited at Philadelphia paintings entitled, “The Wreck of the Hibernia,” and “Beware.” He has taken portraits of Lord Dufferin, Sir John A. Macdonald, and many other prominent politicians. His paintings of scenes in the Rocky Mountains and in the forest are unexceptionally good. “The Grand Canyon of the Arkansas,” “The Mount of the Holy Cross” and “Love Lilly” being especially admired. He received a medal for a portrait of his father at the International Exhibition, held in Buffalo, in 1871. He is a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, also the Ontario Society of Artists.

James Foster, optician and electric instrument maker, 13 King Street West, is the only child of Henry and Mary (Andrews) Foster. Henry Foster was a bricklayer and stonemason by trade, and came to Canada from Drumaulk, County Monaghan, Ireland, in 1828; he located in Toronto where he acquired some property on Duchess Street. James Foster was born in Toronto in 1830, and was only eighteen months old when his father died at the age of thirty-six years; his mother died in 1877, aged eighty-seven years. He afterwards received a good education, and when sixteen years old commenced to learn the trade of mathematical instrument maker. In 1864 he began business for himself on Adelaide Street, where he also did considerable work for the Montreal Telegraph Company, and for twenty years made all the instruments used by that company west of Kingston, employing a considerable staff of workmen. In 1873, finding his former stand too small for his business, he leased the building, No. 40 Colborne Street, and fitted it up to suit his business, and having then sufficient room he began to manufacture surveying and engineering instruments. He remained there until the fall of 1883, when he removed to his present commodious stand, 13 King Street West, where he now carries on the most extensive business in the optical and surveying instrument line in the city, and manufactures most of the meteorological and other instruments of precision, used in the Dominion, and is kept actively employed by an ever growing demand for his skill and instruments. Mr. Foster married Mary E. Jobbet, whose grandfather was paymaster in the famous Queen’s Rangers.

Thomas Fox was born in the City of London, England, in 1812, and at the age of twenty he emigrated to Canada, and settled in York. He was for some time engaged in the manufacture of brick, subsequently erecting property on Curzon and Leslie Streets, and is now living retired. In 1834 he married Miss Mary Rose, of Devonshire, England, who died in 1854. He married a second time, Mary Rooney. By his former wife he had nine children, and by his present wife two children.

G. F. FRANKLAND.

Garrett F. Frankland, a representative of a Saxon house, and one of the leading citizens of Toronto, was born in the Village of Barrowford, Lancashire, England, in 1834, and settled in Toronto in 1854. In early life he learned the trade of a butcher and grocer, in connection with farming. On his arrival in Toronto, he started as a butcher for the St. Lawrence Market. By energy and perseverance he gradually increased his business, and in 1860 he began to export meat to the United States and Great Britain. This business, which has now assumed such gigantic proportions, Mr. Frankland was mainly instrumental in originating; the particulars connected with its rise and progress, together with statistical matter, will be found elsewhere in this volume and, therefore, needs no repetition. We may also add that Mr. Frankland has done this country the signal service of raising the price of cattle from $25 to $30 a head. He was also the means of causing the Corporation of Liverpool to expend over $200,000 for the accommodation of live stock upon its arrival, thus relieving the suffering endured by the exposure to the twelve hours’ quarantine imposed by the Imperial Government. As a recognition of his valuable services, Mr. Frankland was the recipient, in 1876, of a banquet and an illuminated address, presented at the Walker House, here; also a clock, at the City Arms, and in 1879 of a service of silver plate, at Liverpool. Mr. Frankland was married, July 8th, 1857, to Jane Nelson, of Antrim County, Ireland, by whom he had a family of six children.

Edward Galley, 303 Parliament Street, is a native of the Isle of Wight, and came to Toronto in 1852. In 1856 he married Mary Jane, daughter of the late Richard Jewell, of Toronto. He was for twenty-four years engaged in the contracting and building business, from which he retired in 1879. During his business career he erected many of the wholesale stores and buildings on Front, Wellington, Yonge and Bay Streets; also the Grand Opera House, and five churches, including the Sherbourne and Parliament Street Methodist Churches. In addition to public buildings, he has erected upwards of fifty private residences; altogether he has erected nearly one thousand buildings, upwards of forty of which he owns. He employed at one time about five hundred hands. Mr. Galley has been a member of the Public School Board since 1873, and was two years chairman of that body. In 1878 he contested East Toronto for the Dominion House of Commons. He was elected member of the Toronto City Council for the Ward of St. Thomas in 1885. Amongst other offices held by him may be mentioned a directorship in the Land Security Company, the North American Life Assurance Company and others. In religion he is a member of the Methodist Church.

The Gamble Family.—Nathaniel Allan Gamble, retired, 554 Church Street, Toronto, is of Scotch extraction, and was born on lot 90, Yonge Street, and is a grandson of Nathaniel Gamble, sen’r, who came from near the Town of Bowmore, in the Island of Isla, Argyleshire, Scotland. He settled in Canada in 1798, on lot 89, on the east side of Yonge Street; he was married to a daughter of Samuel Chambers, by whom he had three sons and two daughters, all of whom came with him. He was a Presbyterian, and for a long time was trustee of glebe land belonging to that Church, near Markham. He died in 1833, leaving a large quantity of land in the Counties of York and Simcoe. Nathaniel Gamble, jun’r, youngest son of the above, was born in 1764. Settled on lot 90, on Yonge Street which he cleared and farmed until his death in 1836. Like his father, he was an extensive landowner. He was identified with the municipality in which he lived, and belonged to the Militia, in which he held the rank of Captain. In 1803 he married Susannah, daughter of Thomas Mercer, of York Mills. He belonged to the Church of England, and was a Conservative in politics. He left the following children: Anne, James, Susannah, Mary, Thomas, Nathaniel Allan, George and Sarah, all of whom married and settled in the County of York, except Thomas. The eldest son, James Gamble, inherited his grandfather’s farm, lot 89, and lived on it until his death in 1854. He was a commissioner in the Court of Request, before Division Courts were established; a magistrate, and also held a commission in the Militia. Thomas Gamble, the second son of Nathaniel Gamble, jun’r, settled in the Township of Tecumseth, County of Simcoe, in 1838, where he cleared a large farm. He was a magistrate and held a commission in the Militia as Captain. Nathaniel Allan Gamble, the third son of Nathaniel Gamble, jun’r, was born in 1817. He inherited his father’s farm, lot 90, on Yonge Street, where he lived until 1859. In 1856 he was commissioned a Justice of the Peace; he also served as quartermaster in the 12th Battalion of Volunteers. When he left his farm, he lived in Newmarket for some years, where he owned and managed a brewery. In 1872 he moved to Toronto, and married a daughter of John Sproule (who kept a store, near the market, on King Street, Toronto, for many years before his death in 1849). George Gamble, the youngest son of Nathaniel Gamble, jun’r, was also an extensive farmer for many years in the Township of King, near Lloydtown. He also married a daughter of John Sproule, of Toronto. He is now retired and living in Toronto.

Joseph Gibson, ornamental plasterer, was born in Lincolnshire, England, in 1823, being the only son of Joseph Gibson, shoemaker, and Martha Clue, daughter of Thomas Clue. His mother died in 1831, and in 1833 he came to Canada with his father, who took up a farm in East Gwillimbury, and having cleared it, lived there until his death in 1864, aged sixty-four years. After coming to Canada he was married to Mrs. Hannah Philips, by whom he had a son and a daughter. When eleven years of age, Joseph Gibson commenced to learn the plastering trade with his uncle, John Gibson, who had come out in 1830. He remained with him until he was twenty-three, when he married Anne, the eldest daughter of William Smith, by whom he had three sons and one daughter. In 1850 Mr. Gibson started business for himself. He is a Reformer, and a member of the English Church.

Colonel Givins, deceased, was born in the North of Ireland, about the year 1784. He was a relative of the Duke of Abercorn, and came out to Canada with Governor Hamilton, and afterwards joined Governor Simcoe at Bermuda, to whom he was Aide-de-Camp. He returned again to England and exchanged into the 5th Regiment, and again came out to Canada. He married, soon after, a daughter of Commodore Andrews, who was lost on the war-ship Ontario, which was lost on the lake, off Niagara, with all on board. Colonel Givins received the appointment of Agent for the Indian Department, which office he held until his death. He left a family, as follows: Henry Hamilton; Caroline H., who married Colonel Hillier, Aide-de-Camp to Sir P. Maitland; James (Judge Givins, of London, Ont.); Cecil; Saltern (Canon Givins); Elizabeth; and George, for twenty years Surgeon-Major on Her Majesty’s Medical Staff in India.

Arthur W. Godson, contractor, was born in Warwickshire, England, in 1845, being the youngest son in a family of seven children. His father, George Godson, came to Canada with his family in 1849 and died in 1866. Arthur Godson was married in 1871. He has been employed upon the public works of Toronto for the past fifteen years, having laid at least two-thirds of the block paving in this city. In 1881 he completed the contract for paving Yonge Street, and subsequently completed Beverley Street, a portion of King Street, and others. He also constructed and completed the Sub-way between Parkdale and the city.

James Gooderham. The subject of this sketch, was the second son of the late Wm. Gooderham, Esq., and was born in Norfolk, England, December 29th, 1825. At the age of seven years he accompanied the other members of the family to Canada and settled in York, where he was educated. He was always an earnest, thoughtful and conscientious youth, and his mind was early imbued with serious thoughts of religion. It was when about sixteen years old and during a short residence at the Village of Thornhill, that he became converted, and the event left its impress upon his character through all the subsequent years of his life. Sometime afterward his leanings towards the ministry induced him to enter Victoria College, with a view to prepare himself for the sacred calling of a Methodist minister. In 1848 he was appointed junior preacher on the Whitby circuit, and so earnest was he and diligent in the discharge of his pastoral duties, so devoted in his self-sacrificing zeal, that during that year between two and three hundred were added to the membership of the church on his circuit by conversion. The following year he was appointed to the Markham circuit, but the wasting labours of his previous charge had so exhausted his physical powers that it soon became evident it would be impossible for him to continue in the regular work of the ministry. But though forced, by circumstances beyond his control, to abandon his cherished calling, he never lost the spirit of a minister of Christ. He loved to preach the Gospel, and amid the cares and activities of secular life, found frequent opportunity to labour in various ways for the salvation of sinners, and took a deep interest in missionary work. He was often associated with leading ministers of his Church at dedicatory services in various parts of the country, and it was not an uncommon thing to see the announcement of Dr. Ryerson, or Dr. Wood, or Dr. Rose, or some other distinguished divine to preach in the morning, and James Gooderham, Esq., in the afternoon. On July 23, 1850, Mr. Gooderham was married at Oshawa to Miss Gibbs, daughter of the late Thomas Gibbs, Esq., and sister of the late Hon. T. N. Gibbs, of that place; he afterwards engaged in business in Norval, with one of his brothers; in 1859 removing to Meadowvale, and in 1863 to Streetsville, where he engaged in merchandise and milling. At the latter place he also managed the linen mills of Messrs. Gooderham & Worts, until they were burned down. During his residence in Streetsville, which continued until 1877, he was a prominent and useful citizen, taking a deep interest in the prosperity of the town and holding the office of Reeve for eight years. In the last named year Mr. Gooderham removed to Toronto, where his home henceforth remained, though he still retained his large property and business interests at Streetsville. He was a Director of the London and Ontario Loan Society from its inception, and Vice-President of the Dominion Telegraph Company, both of which corporations at his death presented to Mrs. Gooderham, handsomly engrossed resolutions testifying to the respect in which he was held, and lamenting his sudden loss. Mr. Gooderham was one of the first to advocate the project of the Credit Valley Railway, and actively supported the enterprise until its success was assured. He was a man of remarkable business talents, pushing and energetic, but withal, quiet and unassuming. He induced the residents of Streetsville and other municipalities to grant large bonuses to the road. On May 10th, 1879, he accompanied a party of prominent citizens from Toronto, to inspect the road as far as completed. At Streetsville he made a short address, justifying himself in the course he had pursued in connection with the road, and pointing with pride and pleasure to the rapid completion, not only of that branch, but of the whole line, and, as might have been expected, was warmly congratulated on the result of his labours, even by those who had strongly opposed him at the outset. A few hours after this address of congratulation a collision occurred on the road which resulted in Mr. Gooderham receiving fatal injuries. He survived long enough to be brought home, retaining consciousness to the last; he died the death of a sincere and exemplary Christian. He was buried in the family vault in St. James’ Cemetery, his funeral being from the Metropolitan Church, and one of the largest ever seen in the city. There is no fitter eulogy on the life of any man than is expressed in the words of Rev. Dr. Potts on this occasion: “Wise in counsel, prudent in action, intuitively discerning and unflinching in performing the right, there was in his character the true ideal of a man and a Christian.”

Patrick Graham, retired, was born in the County Tipperary, Ireland, in 1802, being the eldest in a family of four sons and four daughters, born to John and Mary (Power) Graham. In 1832 he came to Canada and worked on the Purdue farm, near Toronto, and for two years on the farm owned by Captain W. Baldwin. He then bought two hundred acres of land in the Township of Asphodel, County of Peterborough; but after clearing ten acres and losing his first crop he became discouraged and sold the land. Then he came to Toronto and became a clerk in the store of George Cheeney, dry-goods merchant. At the end of two years he married Bridget Madigan, and bought the property on the south-west corner of Wellington and Scott Streets, the present site of the Great North-Western Telegraph Company’s office, paying three hundred pounds for it, and a one and a-half storey house which stood on it. There he and his wife kept a private boarding-house until 1871, when the Montreal Telegraph Company paid him $10,000 for the lot. Mr. Graham is a Conservative in politics. By his marriage with Miss Madigan he has one son and two daughters living.

Christopher Gray, Superintendent of the St. James’ Cemetery, was born at Ross Head, Ireland, in 1826, and came to Canada in 1842. He was a nurseryman and gardener in the Old Country, and his lifework has been devoted to the care and culture of plants, shrubs and trees. He has been connected with the cemetery sixteen years, and in charge of the same thirteen years. Mr. Gray married, in 1857, Ellen Gamble, a native of Ireland, who came to Canada same year as himself. They have four children, three daughters and one son.

Major John Gray, M.P.P., Parkdale, was born in Yorkville, 5th January, 1837, being the only surviving child of John and Jane Gray, who were both born in the County of Meath, Ireland. His father was a nurseryman and was killed at a railway crossing, January 13th, 1878. The subject of this sketch was educated at home and at G. F. Needham’s Academy, Rochester, New York. On his father’s death he succeeded him in business, which he still carries on. In 1861 he was married to Catharine Angeline, daughter of Joseph Calverley, of Orillia. Mr. Calverley was born in Hull, England, and married Mary A. Stewart, of London, England. By his marriage Major Gray has six children, viz.: William Thomas, John Calverley, Frank Albert, Emma Louisa, Ida Marion and Caroline. In religion he is a member of the Church of England. Major Gray is a Liberal-Conservative and in the elections of February, 1883, for the Ontario Legislature, was returned for West York, redeeming a constituency which for twelve years had been Reform. He is a member of the A.F. and A.M., C.O.O.F., also President of the Toronto Electoral Division, and second Vice-president of the Toronto Horticultural Society. Major Gray was enrolled in the Toronto Field Battery in 1856, and in 1860 was appointed Drill Instructor. On March 8th, 1856, he was commissioned First Lieutenant, and in October, 1869, was with a division of the battery on board the gunboat Prince Alfred, which was cruising from Sarnia to Amherstburg. In 1870 he was commissioned Captain; in 1875 Brevet Major, and in 1883 Major commanding the Toronto Field Battery. He commanded the brigade of artillery in camp in 1882, 1883 and 1884. On May 8th, 1877, he received a letter of thanks from the Major-General commanding the Militia, for his offer to raise a battery for active service in the East. On the incorporation of Parkdale in 1879, he was elected reeve, and occupied that position for three years.

Joseph Gray, 194 Beverley Street, was born in London in 1816, and came to Canada in 1834. On his arrival in Toronto he entered the service of J. D. & G. Ridout, as an assistant, and remained about six months, removing afterwards to what is now known as Willow Dale, where he taught school for ten years. He had received a good education at Madras House, Hackney, London, which fitted him for almost any position; on giving up teaching he returned to the city and was engaged as book-keeper and clerk in the wholesale store of B. Thorne & Co. After some time spent in this occupation, he entered the service of the Port Hope and Lindsay Railroad, since called the Midland Railway, subsequently appointed as Receiver by the Bank of Upper Canada. He engaged with the Nipissing Railroad Company, as accountant, in November, 1873, and continued to act in that capacity until the railway was sold in 1881. Mr. Gray is a member of the St. George’s Society, and a follower of the Methodist Church. He married in 1839, Rachael, daughter of Isaac Lamoreaux, who was one of the early settlers in Scarboro’ Township. Mr. Lamoreaux was ninety-nine years and ten months old when he died. Mr. Gray married again, his second wife being Elizabeth, daughter of Adam Break, of Markham. Mr. Gray received by presentation a handsome watch from Mr. Gooderham, on the occasion of his retirement from the services of the Toronto and Nipissing Railroad Company.

Samuel David Hagel, M.D., was born at Hagel’s Corners, in the County of Oxford, Ontario, in 1842, on the farm owned and reclaimed from the forest by his father, Samuel Hagel, who was also a born resident of that district. The parents on both sides were of U.E. Loyalist descent. His early education was received at the Common and Grammar schools of his native county. He also taught school for nearly eight years in the same county. In 1867 he matriculated in medicine at the University of Toronto, graduating in 1873, receiving the University and State medals for that year, and the scholarship for the previous year. On graduating he immediately began practice in this city, where he has built up a large and lucrative practice. Dr. Hagel organized and commanded a company of volunteers in the 22nd Oxford Rifles, during the Fenian troubles of 1866. He married in 1864, Miss Mary Ann Moyer, of Oxford County, by whom he has three daughters, all living.

J. B. Hall, M.D., M.C.P.S., of Hahnemann Villa, 326 and 328 Jarvis Street, is a native of Lincoln, England. He received his education at the University of Oberlin, O.; Homœopathic Hospital College of Cleveland, and the Missouri Homœopathic College of St. Louis, Mo. In 1862 he established practice in Cleveland, afterwards St. Paul, Minn., where he remained several years, and commenced practice in Toronto in 1880. Dr. Hall is an out-and-out exponent of the principles of homœopathy.

William Hall was born in County Fermanagh, Ireland, 1800. His parents were Charles and Mary (Carruthers) Hall. He crossed the Atlantic in 1824 and settled in the City of Boston, where he resided about seven years, learning while there the trade of carpenter. He returned to Ireland in 1831, and after a stay of two years came back to Boston. In 1834 he married Margaret, eldest daughter of Mitchell and Isabella (Armstrong) Swords, and two months after this event he removed to Little York, where he purchased a lot and built a home. He worked for the late Richard Woodsworth for ten years; the latter had the order to build the scaffold on which Lount and Matthews were to be hung, but Mr. Hall refused decidedly to work at it. Mr. Hall is and always has been a staunch Reformer in politics, and a Methodist in religion. He occupied a seat in the Council as representative of St. John’s Ward in 1853, and was also School Trustee for St. Patrick’s Ward. Mr. Hall is still living at his home on Seaton Street, and has arrived at the good old age of eighty-five years; he has one daughter and two sons; the former is a widow and resides with him. Mark Hall, the eldest son, was born in 1837, and is an architect by profession. He early learned the building business with his father, who carried on that business for many years, retiring in 1870.

Sidney Hamilton is descended from a family of U. E. Loyalists. His grandfather, Thomas Hamilton, after serving through the Revolutionary War, settled in Nova Scotia with his family. The parents of our subject, Thomas and Ann Hamilton, left Nova Scotia and settled at Port Dover, Upper Canada, upon wild land, which they cleared and resided upon several years; Thomas, a brother of our subject, being the first white child born in that neighbourhood. While living at Port Dover a journey of fifteen miles had frequently to be made to grind a grist of corn, while flour was procured from Chippewa. In 1795 Mr. Hamilton removed to York, and purchased two acres of land on the north-east corner of King and George Streets, where he built a house, which became the family residence for a number of years. During the War of 1812 he opened a general store in the same house, and shortly afterwards built the Hamilton Hotel and Ship Hotel on Market Street. During the early days of senior Mr. Hamilton’s residence in York he purchased a small schooner, and was engaged in carrying passengers to and from Niagara. He belonged to the York volunteers, and participated in the defence of York. After its capitulation the American soldiers discovered his red coat hanging in his house, and were about to take him prisoner, when, through the intercession of some of the American officers, he was liberated. He afterwards became Coroner of the United Counties, and also served a number of years as Deputy-Sheriff. He died at the age of sixty-five. Sidney was the youngest of a family of ten children, born in York, February 2nd, 1811. He attended the early schools of the place; after the death of his father he began sailing on the lakes. The first vessel he commanded was the schooner Wood Duck, after which he owned in succession the Commerce, the William Gamble, the Rose, the Isabella and the Alliance. With the latter he was engaged in transporting merchandise between Halifax and Chicago. In 1864, in connection with his son Robert, he established another dock in Toronto, known as Hamilton’s Wharf, and is now engaged in the same business at the George Street Elevator. During the Rebellion of 1837 he belonged to the old fire brigade, and was on duty at the Don Bridge. In politics he has always been a pronounced Reformer, and in religion a member of the Zion Congregational Church. In 1837 he married Ann Coulthard, by whom he had eleven children (eight sons and three daughters), of whom four are now living. Margaret married William Evans, of St. Catharines; Robert is in business with his father; Elizabeth married John Adams, Assistant Inspector for the Bank of Toronto; Henry, a barrister, is now practising law at Sault Ste. Marie, Ont.

John Harper, retired builder and architect, is the son of Richard Harper, an Englishman, who left Belfast, Ireland, in 1810, and crossing the ocean settled in New York, where for seven years he manufactured looms. Richard Harper’s wife was Jane, eldest daughter of James Dalrymple, a Scotchman, by whom he had one son, John, and two daughters, Elizabeth, the widow of William Somerset; and Catharine who is dead. In 1817 the family left New York, and crossing Lake Ontario in the schooner Mayflower (Captain Paterson), located at Little York, where Richard Harper commenced his business, that of a builder. He died in 1834; his wife died in 1836. John Harper was born in Belfast, Ireland, in 1806, and came to America with his parents. He learned the building trade with his father, and continued at it from 1829 until 1856. He built the stone barracks for the New Fort, St. Michael’s Cathedral, Trinity Church (Trinity Square), the General Hospital, and the first Observatory in Toronto, besides numerous private residences; he also laid the foundation for the Lunatic Asylum. In 1856 Mr. Harper became an architect, and superintended the erection of the Post Office, and the Court Street Fire Hall and Police Station. In 1834 he built what is now the Newsboys’ Home, but which was then intended for the Canada Company’s Offices; he also built the first depot and machine shop for the Northern Railway. Mr. Harper sat in the City Council during the first three years of its incorporation, 1834-5-6; he was assessor for St. James’s Ward for a number of years. He was offered the appointment of Justice of the Peace, but considering that it would interfere with his business he declined the honour. In politics he is a Reformer, and in religion, a Methodist. Mr. Harper married the youngest daughter of Wm. Miles, of Ireland, by whom he has now living three sons, William, John and George; and one daughter married to J. P. Edwards. George R. Harper, architect, is the youngest in a family of ten children, and was born in Toronto in 1843. He commenced the study of architecture in 1861, in the office of the late Wm. Irving, with whom he remained for three years; then he went to New York, and at the end of five years returned to Toronto, where he has been ever since. He made the designs for the Police Court building, and built Gurney’s foundry, besides other large buildings. He has been a member of the City Council.

Reverend Elmore Harris, B.A., Pastor of Bloor Street Baptist Church, is the second son of Alanson Harris, Esq., of English descent, of the firm of A. Harris, Son & Co., manufacturers of mowers and reapers, Brantford, Ontario, and a prominent citizen of that city. Mr. Harris, sen’r, was born in Oxford County, Ontario, about 1820, and married, in 1840, Miss Mary Morgan, of Beamsville, and formerly of Glamorganshire, Wales. The Rev. Elmore Harris was born near Brantford. He received his early education at the High School, Beamsville, and subsequently at St. Catharines Collegiate Institute. In 1872 he entered on his University course at Toronto, and graduated in 1877. In 1876 he took charge of the Centre Street Baptist Church, in St. Thomas, Ontario, where he remained until 1882. About this time he received a call from the congregation of the Yorkville Baptist Church, and took charge of the same; but the locality proving most inconvenient it was determined to erect a new church, which was carried out at a cost of nearly $40,000. The new church was built on Bloor Street West, corner of North. The average attendance in 1882 was about one hundred, and has since increased to five hundred. In 1877 the subject of this sketch married Miss Ruth Shenston, youngest daughter of T. S. Shenston, Esq., Registrar of Brant County, Ontario. They have two children, Burton and Helen Mary. The new church referred to is fully described on page 316, Vol. I.

Samuel Retallack Harris, a York Pioneer, and a well-known and highly-respected citizen of Toronto, was born at Roseneaque, the parish of St. Keverne, near Helston, Cornwall, England, in 1818. He was the youngest son in a family of seven children, two boys and five girls, born to John and Mary (Retallack) Harris. His father was a farmer, who lived on his farm for about seventy-five years, and died in 1873,in the ninety-fifth year of his age. There is now only one sister living at St. Keverne. Mr. Harris left home when thirteen years of age to learn a trade, and remained away about three years—until his mother’s death, which took place in 1834—and the same year he took passage on a sailing vessel bound for the New World. The time occupied in the voyage was five weeks and three days, from the point of departure to the arrival in Quebec, and the journey from that point to Toronto was accomplished in two weeks. The mode of locomotion was in Durham boats, drawn by oxen, and the route lay through the Rideau Canal. From Kingston they took the steamer William IV., by which means the journey was completed. The description given by Mr. Harris of the appearance of Toronto at that time (1834) is worth recording. He says: “Well do I remember going from the market up King Street to Yonge, jumping from one stone to another, there being no sidewalks. From King up to Yonge Street was a better sidewalk on the west side, laid down by our old and esteemed friend, Jesse Ketchum, with tan bark. There were no brick buildings as now. There was an old fence covered with hides drying for the tannery. In this same year,” continues Mr. Harris, “William Lyon Mackenzie was elected Mayor of Toronto, not by the people but by the Council.” Mr. Harris did not remain long in Toronto on his first visit, but returned to Kingston and entered the employ of John Collar, a boot and shoe merchant, with whom he stayed four years, and it was during this period that the Rebellion broke out. Mr. Harris became a volunteer in Captain James Jackson’s Company and was under arms six months, but never saw much active service; he was a Sergeant in his corps. In 1838 he once more found his way to Toronto, and although work was plentiful there was hardly any money in circulation, wages being chiefly paid in store goods. In 1838 T. D. Harris first issued his twenty-five and fifty-cent “shin-plasters,” which currency passed as good as gold in those days. Mr. Harris also records the fact that not many improvements were made in the city until 1840. “When you see the large brick buildings fast taking the place of the old shanties on King Street; who would have thought,” he exclaims, “that the Toronto of 1834 would be the Toronto of to-day?” Mr. Harris was married in the year 1850, his wife being Ann, daughter of Richard Hocken, of Montreal. The family were of English extraction, and came to Canada in 1818. By his marriage he has four sons living, and one daughter, Mrs. J. H. A. Taylor, living in Toronto. His youngest son resides in the city, and is book-keeper to Messrs. Mason & Risch; the other three sons are in the United States. Mr. Harris has taken an active part in the affairs of mutual benefit societies and brotherhoods, and was initiated in the City of Toronto Lodge of Oddfellows in 1844, and is now the oldest initiated Oddfellow of good standing in the city. He was elected Grand Master of the Order in 1870, and retired the following year. Mr. Harris was presented with a gold watch and chain, and his wife with a silver tea service by the brethren of Toronto. He is now a member of the Ontario; the Dominion; the Alma and the Purple Encampment (Hamilton Orders). On March 18th, 1862, he joined the Wilson Lodge (No. 86) of Freemasons, and is still a member of good standing. He was elected and held the office of Treasurer of that Lodge for ten years, and at the end of five years’ service in that capacity he was presented with a Mason’s gold ring, and on his retirement from the same, received a testimonial taking the form of a gold-headed cane. Mr. Harris filled the position of postmaster at Yorkville for one year in 1862; which position he resigned. In religion he belongs to the Church of England.

George Haskin was born in Devonshire, England, in 1844, and in 1870 came to Canada, locating in Toronto. He was traveller for O’Keefe, the brewer, for seven years, and shortly after engaged in the hotel business, at the corner of King and Princess Streets, known as the Red Rose Hotel. This he continued till 1883, since which time he has been engaged in erecting houses. In 1865 he married Miss Annie Palfree, a native of Devonshire, also, by whom he has two sons.

G. M. Hawke was born in Bath, Ontario, August 12th, 1826, being the third son in a family of seven children. His father, Anthony Baudon Hawke, came to Canada from Cornwall, England, at the close of the War of 1812, and settled in Prince Edward County. He was afterwards appointed Chief Emigration Agent of Upper Canada, and came to live in Toronto; he died in Whitby, October, 1865. At his death he left a family of two sons and three daughters, viz.: Edward Henry, living in New York; George M.; Louisa, married Judge Dartnell; Harriet, married Lyman English, of Oshawa; Eliza, married Mr. Hawkins, of Colchester.

Charles Heath was born in India, and was the only son in a family of three children. His father was Brigadier-General Heath, who was born in Lexington, Essex, England. He entered the British army when quite young, and was killed in action at Madras, India. Mr. Heath came to Canada in 1836, and was followed by his mother shortly afterwards. He purchased Deer Park. After he came here he was for some years in the Dragoons, and was a volunteer during the Mackenzie Rebellion; he rose from the rank of First Cornet to that of Major. In 1847 he was admitted to the bar.

Alexander Henderson, J.P., is a native of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and was born in the year 1824. He came to Canada in 1834, locating in Little York, being at that time about ten years of age. He entered the general business house of William Mathers, Queen Street West, then known as Lot Street. In 1842 he commenced business for himself with such success that he was enabled in 1857 to retire, and has since lived as a private gentleman. Among the positions of public trust held by Mr. Henderson, it may be mentioned that he was for ten years an Alderman, and filled for five years the Chairmanship of Finance, and the Boards of Works and Health. He was a Director of the Toronto, Grey and Bruce Railway, and also occupied a similar position in connection with the Union Building Society for upwards of twenty years. He was a Director of the House of Industry, and has been a member of St. Andrew’s Society since 1836. Mr. Henderson can remember many of the striking incidents that occurred during the Rebellion, and was an eye-witness of the execution of Lount and Matthews. He was appointed a Justice of the Peace for the City of Toronto and County of York some years ago, which position he fills with considerable ability. His residence is 50 Gerrard Street East.

ANDREW HERON.

Andrew Heron, at the present time the oldest native resident of the City of Toronto, the third son of Samuel and Sarah (Ashbridge) Heron, was born on November 30th, 1800, in a small log house erected by his father on the north side of Duke Street, near the present residence of the Hon. M. C. Cameron. His father was the youngest of a family of three sons, born at Kirkcudbright, Scotland, 1770. He emigrated to New York City, where he remained a short time, and then made his way to Niagara. In the spring of 1792 he left Niagara, with an ox team and cart laden with provisions and tools necessary in a new settlement, and journeyed around the lake by way of Hamilton. On arriving at the Don River, he crossed over in a rough scow, and proceeded to what is now known as Ashbridge’s Bay, and took up two hundred acres of land, where he found Mrs. Ashbridge and her sons, who had settled there a few months previous. December 14th, 1794, he married Sarah Ashbridge, whose people were English Quakers from Philadelphia. Being U. E. Loyalists, the mother and sons drew land from the Crown. In 1796 Mr. Heron concluded to try his fortune in mercantile life, and accordingly erected the log house on Duke Street and a log store on King Street. His first stock of goods was procured from Montreal. He continued in business for a few years, and subsequently settled on a Government tract of land of two hundred acres, on Yonge Street, about seven miles from the bay. It was located near what was called Heron’s Hill, afterwards Hogg’s Hollow. The steady and rapid influx of a thrifty class of emigrants and the clearing of their lands, offered inducements for other enterprises. He erected a saw and grist-mill, ashery and distillery, and opened a market for ashes which he converted into potash. His business increased rapidly and was in a thriving condition when in 1817 he died. Andrew Heron, the subject of this sketch, resided with his father until 1811, when he was sent to Niagara to live with his uncle Andrew, his father’s brother, who was a merchant at the latter place. After attending school for a short period he entered his uncle’s store as a clerk. In 1812, at the breaking out of the war between the United States and Great Britain, he was attending school at Niagara, in close proximity to Fort George. The same spirit that provoked the two nations to draw the sword was shared by the youth of that day, and many were the battles fought between juvenile rebels and loyalists, who used stones to good advantage, the former being often compelled to take refuge within the fort. When York was attacked, in April, 1813, by the American fleet under Commodore Chauncey and General Dearborn, Mr. Heron was upon Niagara Commons. He heard the roar of cannon and the explosion of the powder magazine, and naturally felt very anxious about the fate of his father and brother, who belonged to the York Militia, which participated in the engagement. His brother John fought at the battle of Lundy’s Lane, where he was shot. While he lay in a ploughed field, the enemy passed over him, thinking him dead. He afterwards rejoined the British forces, and, having served during the war, received a pension until his death. Andrew was also at the Battle of Queenston Heights. He saw the American prisoners as they were escorted through Niagara on their way down the lake, and was present at the funeral of General Brock, who had fallen at Queenston Heights, while cheering on his men to the attack. He was at Niagara when the Americans burned and sacked the town, and witnessed his uncle’s house and store devoured by the flames. After the close of the war Mr. Heron was summoned by the Government to Ancaster to give evidence against some American sympathizers, who were tried and convicted before Chief Justice Robinson. In 1819 Mr. Heron left Niagara and came to York, working upon his uncle Ashbridge’s farm until 1822, when he returned to Niagara, where he rented from his uncle Andrew a small row boat, which he began plying between Niagara and the Youngstown ferry. “Sevenpence ha’penny” was the fare charged for one passenger. The fresh arrival of immigrants at that time rendering ferry business very profitable, the enterprising young boatman was soon compelled to increase the facilities for transit. He constructed a horse-boat—the horse being on deck attached to a windlass, which transferred the power to a wheel at the stern. Mr. Heron continued running the ferry until 1835. In 1829 he married Cynthia, youngest daughter of Cornelius Beaugardis, an American lady of German extraction, by whom he had four sons and one daughter, only one son now surviving. In 1835 he placed the ferry business in charge of another person, and opened a store at the Town of Niagara, which he conducted until 1838, when, in consequence of the increasing travel, he embarked in the steamboat business, by forming a joint partnership with Thomas Lockhart and Thomas Dick. The first boat, called the Experiment, was launched at Niagara and ran between York and Hamilton. She did not prove to be a paying investment, and was sold upon Mr. Lockhart retiring from the business, which was conducted by Mr. Heron and Captain Dick, who soon after built the City of Toronto, a side-wheel boat built at Niagara in 1840, afterwards called the Algoma.

James Herson, provision dealer, was born in the County of Tyrone, Ireland, in 1831, and when only three months old was brought to Canada by his parents, John and Mary Ann (MacDonald) Herson. He was the youngest in a family of five sons and four daughters. His father located in Little York, and being a carpenter carried on that trade; but only for a few months however, for, before a year had elapsed, he died from sunstroke; three of his sons also were carpenters. When he attained the age of fifteen he entered the employ of Andrew Heron, who owned several steamers. He ran on the old City of Toronto, the Chief Justice Robinson, the American, the Eclipse, and the Peerless (on which he was steward), owned by Mr. Heron and Captain Dick; it ran between Toronto and Niagara, and made two trips a day. Mr. Herson was on the Rescue that ran on Lake Superior, between Collingwood and Fort William, and had the honour of assorting the first mail that passed through Canadian territory. After leaving the steamer Rescue, he went fur trading among the Indians on the North Shore of Lake Superior, where he lived four years, during that time undergoing great hardships and having no nearer white neighbour than within a distance of eighty miles. He subsequently left that part of the country and engaged in blockade running until the close of the American War. This event over he went into business as provision dealer in St. Lawrence Market of this city, where he has since remained. He has two sisters living in Toronto and one in Dresden, Ont. Mr. Herson married a daughter of George Lennon. Our subject does not take much interest in municipal affairs, but has been a member of the Separate School Board.

William Hewitt, deceased, was born at Hazelend, Essex, England, July 21st, 1794. He came to Montreal in 1820, and remained one season, at the end of which he returned home; four years later he came to York and located on King Street, near the Market, where he was engaged as a manufacturer for five years. During his residence in Toronto, Mr. and Mrs. Hewitt (Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph Richardson, whom he married on January 28th, 1819), were two of nine members who organized the first Baptist Church in York (now the Jarvis Street Baptist Church); three years later he removed to the Credit, where he remained a short time and then settled at Charlotteville, where he remained until the time of his death on August 1st, 1883. He held the office of Clerk of Division Court for forty-eight years, the duties of which office were punctually and satisfactorily discharged by him. He was also a magistrate for many years; in politics he was a Baldwin Reformer. Although nearly ninety years of age his mental faculties were clear and his mind seemed unimpaired up to the day of his death. For over sixty years he honoured his profession as a Christian and then passed away one of Ontario’s oldest Baptists, well versed in the history of the church, an original thinker, highly intelligent, a true Christian and a gentleman. The high esteem in which he was held was evinced by the attendance of a large number of the oldest and most influential citizens at his funeral. He was a much-loved parent of eleven children, ten of whom survived him: Joseph R. (in Springfield, Mass.); William, 31 Magill Street; John, died in 1855; Thomas, carriage manufacturer, Templeton, Mass.; Elizabeth, Sarah, David and George, twins, Toronto, Ont.; Mary, living at Vittoria; Ellen, married John Palmer, a builder, Chicago; Hannah, married Joseph Pullan, Barrie, Ont.; William, passed his early life at Norfolk, Ont., until he was eighteen years of age; he came to Toronto in 1839, and entered the service of the late Peter Paterson, hardware dealer, with whom he served for eighteen years; he then engaged in business for himself, on the corner of Yonge and Adelaide Streets, for twenty-two years. For some time past he has been representing various manufacturing firms throughout Ontario. In 1846 he married Mary, daughter of James Skirrow, of the Township of Trafalgar, who was one of the earliest settlers. There are at the present time twenty-two grand and eighteen great-grandchildren, descendants of Mr. Wm. Hewitt, sen’r.

Robert John Hill, retired, was born in Buckinghamshire, England, September 10th, 1820, being the eldest of seven children. His parents, James and Mary (Aris) Hill, came from England with their family in 1825, and settled at Utica, N.Y. In 1829 they left there and came to Little York by way of the Erie Canal, and across the lake from Lewiston in the steamer Canada, commanded by Captain Hugh Richardson. For a while they stayed at an hotel on Church Street, kept by a man named Secord; then they moved into a small house on Adelaide Street. James Hill was a carpenter and worked at that trade until 1834 when he died of the cholera; his wife died in 1879. The subject of this sketch was educated at the old central school of which Mr. Sprague, father of the late Chief Justice, was the master. While still a boy he became apprenticed for six years to John Esmond, that he might learn the tinsmith trade (Esmond’s shop was on the north side of King, between Bay and York Streets). He then worked for Mr. William Musson for four years, after which he was in the employ of Hiram Piper for five or six years, and subsequently in that of Henry Booth for five years. Mr. Hill became a member of the fire brigade in 1839, before his apprenticeship had expired; at that time Hiram Piper was Captain of the hook-and-ladder company, while William Musson was Captain of Nos. 1 and 2 hand engines, which were very primitive affairs. Mr. Hill was Captain of the hook-and-ladder company for twelve years. He witnessed many of the events of the Rebellion of 1837-8. He was one of the guards placed over John Montgomery when the latter was arrested and confined in the Parliament House. Mr. Hill has been twice married; first to Jane, daughter of John Wardrobe, of Cumberland, England; his second wife was Mrs. Salters, whose maiden name was Armstrong. He has a son living in Woodstock. In politics Mr. Hill is a Conservative. He is still in the Toronto Fire Brigade as engineer of the steamer “James B. Boustead,” and his cry is “Ever ready.”

William Hill was born in England in 1832. He came to Canada in 1851, and the same year removed to the United States where he stayed four years. In 1855 he again took up his residence in Toronto. He has held the position of Inspector of Drains for the city the last five years. In 1853 he married Miss Jane Ripon who died in 1854, leaving one child. He married again, his second wife being Miss Jane Smith, by whom he had nine children, seven of whom are living.

William Hill, jun’r, 71 Cumberland Street, was born on lot 5, concession 1, west of Yonge Street in 1816. His grandfather, Thomas Hill, and his father, William Hill, emigrated from Somersetshire, England, in 1793, and landed at St. John, New Brunswick, with Governor Simcoe. They arrived at Little York in 1794 and pitched their tents on the west side of the River Don, the place being then marked by three Indian wigwams. In 1803 his grandfather removed from Little York to lot 15, concession 1, York Township, and afterwards located on lot 5, west of Yonge Street, where his grandfather and father died. His father left at his death six sons and six daughters. The subject of this sketch came to Toronto in 1839 and worked at his trade of carpenter. He married in 1836, Margaret Cathcart, daughter of the late Alexander Cathcart, of York Township.

C. A. Hirschfelder, U. S. Vice-Consul, Mail buildings, 52 and 54 King Street West, is a native of Toronto, being the son of J. M. Hirschfelder, Professor of Oriental Languages, Toronto University. He was appointed U. S. Vice-Consul on the retirement of Mr. D. Thurston. Mr. Hirschfelder is a Canadian archæologist, which he has made a life study, whose lectures and writings on this and kindred topics, together with his collection of Canadian archæology, now in the Dominion Museum, Ottawa, has given him a wide reputation. The collection is said to be one of the finest in the world of Canadian archæology. Mr. Hirschfelder is a member of many learned societies in Europe and America.

John Hirst was born in Wakefield, Yorkshire, England. He emigrated to Canada in 1854, and located at Toronto, where he followed his trade of painter, working for the Grand Trunk Railway Company. He remained at this occupation until 1863, entering then into the hotel business, taking charge of the St. Lawrence Hotel, on King Street. He then went to the corner of Berkeley and King Streets, subsequently to Francis Street, afterwards to the Schiller House. He remained at the latter place nine years, and previous to retiring from business was for some time proprietor of the Russell House, on Yonge Street. He retired in 1883, having conducted the hotel business uninterruptedly for twenty-two years. Mr. Hirst married in 1854, previous to leaving England, Miss Sarah Graves Cherry, of Yorkshire, England, by whom he has six daughters and one son living. He is largely interested in real estate, owning fourteen houses in the city.

JOHN G. HOWARD.

John G. Howard, Esq., the well-known Ranger of High Park, to whose munificent liberality the people of Toronto owe the magnificent stretch of woodland at the western city limits which bears that name, is not only one of the oldest residents in the city, but has also, perhaps, from his own professional point of view, been more closely identified with the city’s growth and improvement than any of his contemporaries. As will be seen further on, Mr. Howard has had a hand in the construction of nearly all the local public institutions and works that are not of recent date, and in the pursuit of his profession he has been brought into contact with the majority of the public men whose names figure prominently in the early history of the city and county. The writer has had an opportunity of examining Mr. Howard’s notes of his impressions and experiences in York; and will, as occasion requires, freely draw in the following sketch upon this fund of old time reminiscences. Mr. Howard was born on the 27th of July, 1803, in a village twenty-one miles north of the old City of London. At the age of nine he was sent to a boarding-school in the town of Hertford, where he remained five years. When fifteen years old he went to sea as a boy before the mast, and served for two years; but was then compelled to give up a sailor’s life owing to an incurable liability to sea-sickness—a complaint to which he has ever since been a martyr when crossing the ocean. The time he had spent at sea had not, however, been lost, as he had devoted considerable time to the study of navigation and practical geometry and marine surveying. These mathematical studies probably determined his future career, for on abandoning a seafaring life he turned his attention to land surveying, engineering and architecture, and entered the office of his uncle, a contractor, living at Kennington Cross. Subsequently he studied under Mr. John Grayson, architect, Banner Street, St. Luke’s, London, and on leaving Mr. Grayson, went on a professional tour through the County of Kent, where, for a short time, he was employed by the architect in charge of the work of rebuilding Leeds Castle, near Maidstone. He then entered the office of the Cutbushes, contracting architects, Maidstone; but in 1824 he returned to London and was employed by Mr. William Ford, architect, Mark Lane, London, England, who the following year married Mr. Howard’s sister. In 1827 Mr. Howard married Miss Jemima Frances Meikle. He remained with Mr. Ford, who entrusted him with several important undertakings, until 1831, when, the times being bad and building operations being at a standstill, he began to look about for a more profitable field of labour. Attracted by the glowing accounts given by Mr. Cattermole, agent of the Canada Company, of the opportunities offered by that country, he resolved to emigrate thither, intending to settle at Goderich, where his wife had relatives. In the spring of 1832 he took passage for Quebec, but missed his vessel, and was compelled to wait until June, when he embarked on the Emperor Alexander, which, bound for the same port, sailed on the 27th. The voyage was an eventful one. At the outset, Mr. and Mrs. Howard, who had gone ashore at Gravesend to see some relatives, found themselves left behind, but their vessel had only a few minutes’ start and they were able to catch her. On the third day out, the Emperor Alexander ran aground on the Spaniard Bank, off Herne Bay, which involved a delay of ten hours. On the same day Mr. Howard was all but knocked overboard by the boom suddenly jibbing, and was only just saved in time by the captain. From this day out his daily record during the voyage was one of sea-sickness and wretchedness. On the 2nd of July, at Ryde, Isle of Wight, he was again left behind by the ship, but as the captain was one of the derelict party the mistake was speedily rectified. Two days later, another party, including Mr. Howard, left the ship in a small boat to shoot, but a breeze springing up they were horrified to find that the ship had outsailed them and was five miles away. The breeze freshened, the boat sprung a leak, and the terrified occupants gave themselves up for lost, for the ship was now fifteen miles off and they were a hundred miles from land. Fortunately, the gale abated, and the ship, observing their signals, put about and took them aboard just at nightfall. Five days in bed was the penalty the sportsmen had to pay for their venturesomeness. But for all this another party underwent an exactly similar experience a few days later, and were only rescued after eighteen hours’ exposure. On the twenty-eighth day out, a mutiny occurred, but was promptly suppressed. On the 10th of August the ship was all but run ashore on the Bird Islands, owing to the drunken incapacity of the captain and first mate, and on the 15th, during the absence of the captain ashore, a mutiny on a small scale occurred among the steerage passengers. Finally Quebec was reached on the 29th of August, after a passage of nine weeks and three days. Cholera was at this time prevalent at Quebec, and while attending the funeral of a child, who had died on board on the day on which the voyage terminated, Mr. Howard contracted the disease in a mild form. His description of the scene in the cholera burying ground is not an attractive one. “We were obliged,” he says, “to wait several hours for a priest. There was no less than seven or eight waggons with rough deal coffins waiting in the hot sun for the said priest. The coffins were nailed together, of unseasoned inch boards, the lids had shrunk and warped, so that you could get your hand in, and the stench from them was dreadful.” On the 4th Mr. Howard started by steamboat for Montreal, where he arrived the next day. The journey from Montreal to York was made by coach as far as Cornwall, and the rest of the way by steamboat—the entire trip taking six days, making eleven weeks and three days from London. On the arrival of Mr. and Mrs. Howard at York an incident occurred which completely changed their plans. “Going up Church Street from the landing, I was very much astonished to see in a huckster’s window a very handsome carving-knife and fork for sale of which I had made my brother-in-law a present before they left England. Going into the shop, judge of my surprise to find my wife’s sister, whom I believed to be in Goderich.” Mr. Howard had agreed to take apartments with a fellow-traveller, but as they could not be secured until the spring, he and his wife had to content themselves for the winter with an attic room and kitchen. And a very hard winter they put in. Before taking possession of his new quarters, Mr. Howard went with his brother-in-law to Hamilton, where he met a gentleman who informed him that the Honourable Peter Robinson had requested that the first architect who arrived at Hamilton should be sent to York. From this gentleman Mr. Howard obtained a letter of introduction to Mr. Robinson, but this letter was not delivered until the spring. From Hamilton Mr. Howard started for Goderich, but did not succeed in getting any farther than Paris. At this time there were only two houses in Paris, a tavern and a large farm house, the latter belonging to a Mr. Capon. With this gentleman Mr. Howard agreed to lay out the land for a village, taking a town lot of five acres in part payment for his professional services. But the food and lodging proved to be so bad that he was compelled to throw up the contract and to return to Hamilton, and thence to York. On the advice of a friend Mr. Howard delayed presenting his letter of introduction to Mr. Robinson until he should be able to submit some specimen of his abilities as a draughtsman. Accordingly, he set to work in a cheerless attic, without any fire, and with only such light as was afforded by a sky-light, which during the greater part of the time was covered with snow. One can imagine what the sufferings of this heroic couple during the long winter must have been. However, Mr. Howard worked on bravely, and produced a series of designs for log houses, frame buildings, brick buildings, churches, villas, hotels, and rows of stores. With these he waited on Mr. Robinson about the middle of March; but finding his expected patron engaged, he left the drawings and the letter of introduction, and said he would call again in a week. At the time appointed the luckless architect called once more, only to find that the roll of drawings had not been opened. Then a scene occurred, which Mr. Howard shall himself describe: “I told him (Mr. Robinson) that I had been given to understand that a professional emigrant visiting Canada would receive the kindest attention from the Government employés, and that while drawing those plans I had sat in a garret for a month, without any fire, and only lighted from a sky-light in the roof, oftentimes covered with snow, and that my wife had read to me; but I suppose he had read the story of the Boy and the Frogs—it was fun to him, but death to us. He turned pale, and said: ‘I am very sorry, Mr. Howard; but if you knew how I have been worried with business, you would not blame me.’ ‘That is quite sufficient, sir, and I am sorry for what I have said,’ and we shook hands. He then wrote a letter to Col. Rowen, the Governor’s private secretary, asking him to lay the drawings on the Governor’s drawing-room table, as His Excellency was going to have a party that night.” This was done, and the result of the little stratagem was that next morning Mr. Howard received a summons to the Government House. He was most kindly received by Sir John Colborne, who complimented him upon the drawings, and asked permission to enter them in the competition which was shortly to take place for the position of drawing-master at Upper Canada College, for which there were already six applicants. Mr. Howard consented, although he had not prepared the drawings with the care he would have bestowed upon them had he known they were to be entered for a competition, and the result justified his Excellency’s anticipations. Towards the latter end of March, Mr. Howard received a notification that the appointment had been awarded to him, and that he would be required to enter upon his new duties on the first day of April, 1833. The salary attached to the position was one hundred pounds sterling per annum, and the hours of attendance were three hours a day for four days in the week. Mr. Howard was permitted to carry on his professional work at the college in order to give his pupils an opportunity of acquainting themselves with the details of this particular branch of the art. In connection with his position at Upper Canada College, Mr. Howard relates an incident which is worth reproducing, as giving an insight into Sir John Colborne’s domestic relations. “I had,” he says, “as pupils, three of his Excellency’s sons. His Excellency was very kind, and used to come to my room to see the boys at work. He said he wished me not to make any difference because they were the Governor’s sons; but to chastise them the same as the other boys, if necessary. The eldest son began to show his temper; but his father said he need not show his temper, for he meant what he said. I told his Excellency that I felt sure there would be no necessity for anything of the kind, as they were young gentlemen, and would always be treated as such by me.” But the drawing-mastership at Upper Canada College was not the only benefit that accrued to the disheartened architect from the exhibition of his designs at the Government House reception. Several gentlemen who had seen them, among them Dr. Widmer, Mr. James G. Chewett, and the Lord Bishop Stewart of Quebec, visited Mr. Howard and gave him orders for designs for church buildings. The story of the visit of the Bishop of Quebec is amusing: “His lordship called to pay his respects to Mrs. Howard, who was busy washing in one corner of a large kitchen. She took her hands out of the wash-tub, and the bishop shook hands with her, remarking that her small hands had never been used to that kind of work, and that if the ladies when they came to Canada would unbend as she had done, and, when necessary, perform such work, Canada would have a better name than she has now got.” The tide had now turned, and the despairing emigrant found himself on the high road to prosperity. Orders came in rapidly, and during the remainder of this year Mr. Howard had his hands full. He built Dr. Widmer’s cottage on Front Street, Thomas Mercer Jones’ villa on York and Front Streets, Chewett’s Buildings, and the British Coffee House—the latter on the part of the site now occupied by the Rossin House. He also erected the two lodges at the Queen Street entrance to the College Avenue, one of which was demolished in 1882. During the second year of Mr. Howard’s residence in Canada, 1834, the year of the incorporation of the City of Toronto, he was appointed by the Mayor, William Lyon Mackenzie, to the position of City Surveyor, and in this capacity he laid down the first sidewalks in the city, consisting of two twelve-inch planks placed side by side longitudinally. He also gained the premium of £30 for laying out the Market Block. Having practised as a land surveyor in England, Mr. Howard was desirous of adding that business to his practice as an architect, but found to his disgust that he could not do so without a license, and such a license was only obtainable after serving six months with a provincial land surveyor. Accordingly he made an arrangement with Mr. James G. Chewett, head draughtsman in the Crown Lands Department, under whom he was employed to make a survey of the harbour and peninsula. Subsequently he passed his examination, gave £500 security to the Government, and on the 26th of January, 1836, received his license as a provincial land surveyor. In 1835 and 1836 Mr. Howard’s business had increased rapidly, for he drew plans and specifications, and let the contracts for twelve private dwelling houses and a number of stores, besides the fire hall and bell tower on Church Street. The following year he was in a position to build a private residence for himself—Colborne Lodge, High Park—and this only four years after he had despairingly worked in his fireless garret at the designs which were to bring him name and fame. During this year, too, in addition to work for private parties, he gained the premium of £45 for the approved plan of the court-house and jail. This was the year of the Rebellion, and on the celebrated Thursday, the 7th of December, we find Mr. Howard leading the right wing of the scouting party sent up Yonge Street to reconnoitre the rebels congregated at Montgomery’s tavern. With the close of the year Mr. Howard retired upon his laurels, and removed, on the 23rd December, from Chewett’s Buildings to his new residence at High Park. He records the fact that on the morning of Christmas Day he shot a deer and some quail in the rear portion of the Park, near Bloor Street. During 1838 Mr. Howard was engaged, as City Engineer, in superintending the construction of various municipal works, and was also employed by the Lieutenant-Governor, Sir George Arthur, to make alterations in and additions to the Government House and to build a new ball-room. He also received from Sir George his commission as Lieutenant in the Fourth Regiment of West York Militia, in recognition of his services on the occasion of the Montgomery’s tavern affair. After the fire of the following year (1839), by which the church of St. James was destroyed, Mr. Howard was called upon to report upon the condition of the ruins. But the crowning triumph of his career was obtained in 1840, when he was awarded the premium of £30 for the approved plan of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum. This success doubtless had the effect of spreading his reputation throughout the country, for during the next few years we find him superintending the erection of the court-house and jail at Peterborough and a new church at Chippewa; designing the alterations in Niagara church; building a new court-house and jail at Brockville; preparing plans for a jail and court-house for the Johnston district; erecting a new bridge—his own patent—at Bronte; drawing plans, etc., for a new jail and court-house at Perth; building a stone church for the Indians at Tyendinaga; drawing plans for houses for the Indians at Owen Sound; receiving the first premium of £50 for the approved plan for Queen’s College, Kingston; preparing the designs for Lennoxville College, for a large school-house at Quebec, and for churches at Lloydtown and Streetsville; building a church for the Indians on Manitoulin Island; making designs and estimates for and building churches and school-houses on Snake and Walpole Islands; building a branch of the Commercial Bank of Toronto at Hamilton; drawing plans and specifications for a new church at Newmarket; preparing several designs for Brock’s Monument, to be erected on Queenston Heights; taking the first prize and receiving instructions for the construction of a new market-house at Kingston; building St. John’s Church at York Mills; drawing plans and specifications for a new court-house at Belleville; for houses for the Indians at Saugeen; designing and erecting a branch bank at Hamilton and numerous private residences in various provincial towns. The vast extent of the business carried on at this time by Mr. Howard may be judged from the fact that the above operations were merely those undertaken by him outside the city during a period of six years; and that, compared with his undertakings at Toronto, all this was little or nothing. Yet, with this immense mass of business on his hands, he was in 1841 enabled to extend his sphere of operations, having received a license to practise as notary public. He was also engaged to some extent in arbitrations. Thus, in the year last named, he went to Kingston to settle the Duffil-McLeod building contracts, and the following year acted as arbitrator in settling the dispute between the Farmers’ Bank and John Ritchey, builder. Among the public works undertaken by Mr. Howard in Toronto at this period, and carried to a successful completion, were the following: Erection of the spire of St. Paul’s Church, Yorkville, 1841; swing bridge at the Humber; plans and specifications for the waterworks, Toronto; laying out St. James’ Cemetery; plans for a theatre in rear of 103 and 105 King Street, 1842; building a post-office on Wellington Street; constructing a main sewer and macadamising York Street from King to Wellington Street; laying out the grounds in front of Osgoode Hall; preparing designs for the Commercial Bank building, 1843; designing a Masonic hall and arcade from Wellington to Front Streets, 1844; designing and building the Bank of British North America, on the corner of Yonge and Wellington Streets; drawing plans and specifications of main sewers on King and Church Streets, 1845. And all this, it should be borne in mind, was in addition to Mr. Howard’s every-day duties as City Engineer—repairing streets, constructing new drains and culverts, levelling for side paths, laying out building lots, giving the levels for city buildings and settling accounts. Truly the man was indefatigable. It may be noted here, before passing on any further, that it was about this time, namely in 1842, that the first white brick building in the city was erected, Mr. Howard being the builder. The entry in his journal, date April the 1st, 1842, is as follows: “Built two stores on King Street, Nos. 103 and 105, with German silver sashes and plate glass. No. 103 was built with the first white brick that was used in the city. I gave the brick-maker £60 for twenty thousand. They were made from the clay on Yonge Street, off Mr. Sheriff Jarvis’s lot at Rosedale, by a man named Craig, who had some trouble in keeping the clay separate.” In 1846 Mr. Howard was engaged in extensive surveys of the peninsula—the Island we call it now—and the Harbour. It seems strange to hear of the Island being laid out in streets, yet this was what was done. Mr. Howard laid out two hundred and eighty-three acres in fifty-seven two-acre lots “on Trafalgar Street, Marine Parade, on Fitzroy Street, going north from the lighthouse, Vernon Street, at right angles to it, and Rodney and Duncan Streets.” It will be noticed that the names of all these streets, with the exception of the first two, are those of celebrated British admirals. Later on in the year, Mr. Howard made an accurate survey of the sand ridges bounding Toronto Harbour and Ashbridge’s Bay. But a more important work in this connection was that which he undertook in consequence of a communication from the Hon. F. Bonthillier, of the Crown Lands Department, requesting him to make a survey and plan of Toronto Harbour, showing the best method of constructing an esplanade and docking on the north side thereof, and taking several lines of soundings running out from the water’s edge at the ends of the different streets and wharves for a distance of ten chains into the bay, and from such other points which might be deemed necessary to perfect the undertaking. The work was commenced on the 2nd of May and was completed on the 23rd of the same month, one thousand six hundred and thirty-eight soundings in all having been taken. In this year Mr. Howard, in addition to his usual amount of private work within the city, prepared plans and specifications for a large house, to cost £3,000, to be erected in Quebec, and for the Toronto House of Industry, no charge being made in the latter case for the work done. He also built for himself, on York Street, a white brick front dwelling house, which he subsequently sold to the Rossin, which became part of the Rossin House. During the following year Mr. Howard made further surveys in connection with the harbour, viz.: of Ashbridge’s Bay, and built two bridges; also of the eastern strip of land (now the marsh) which divides it from Toronto Harbour; of the northern side of the peninsula to the western point opposite the Queen’s Wharf; and another survey of the same from Knott’s House to the lighthouse, and from thence to the lake on the west side of the lighthouse. He also made a survey of the River Don from the bridge on King Street to the rear of the first concession of the Township of York. Another triumph of his constructive art was achieved this year in the erection, on Front Street, of a large brewery and malthouse, the principal walls of which were built of stone in caissons sunk in six feet of water. About this time Mr. Howard became interested in Lake Huron copper mines, becoming president of a company formed for the purpose of working a mine on Serpent River. He made a survey of the Island of St. Joseph in this district, and located the town of Hilton. Thorough business man as he was, Mr. Howard yet found leisure to cultivate the fine arts. In the “Catalogue of the First Exhibition of the Society of Artists and Amateurs of Toronto, 1834,” we find him mentioned as a member of the committee; and on glancing through the pages of the brochure, we came across his name again and again as the exhibitor of no less than eighteen paintings and designs. Mrs. Howard, too, appears to have shared her husband’s artistic tastes, for appended to the catalogue is a copy of a letter to that lady from the Honorary Secretary of the association, expressing a hope that she might be induced to exhibit a few of her paintings or drawings. In 1847 Mr. Howard was elected Vice-President and Treasurer of the newly formed Toronto Society—the successor of the Society of Artists and Amateurs—at whose first exhibition, in that year, he made over a score of exhibits. During 1848 and the two following years Mr. Howard designed a temporary Lunatic Asylum for use pending the completion of the structure which exists at the present day, and the corner-stone of which had been laid by Chief Justice Robinson on the 22nd of August, 1846. He also designed St. George’s Church, John Street, and constructed the spire of the old St. Andrew’s Church, on the corner of Church and Adelaide Streets. He received the contract for measuring the locks of the Welland Canal and estimating the extra cost, above contract price, of the stone work in the new locks. He surveyed and laid down an extra line of pipes for the waterworks, extending from the engine-house up Peter Street to the Reservoir, and surveyed and drew a plan of part of the city, showing the position of the mains, hydrants and service pipes, for A. Furnes—all this, as before, in addition to work for private parties and to his duties as City Engineer. In 1851 and 1852 our indefatigable architect and surveyor was, among his other multifarious duties, engaged in surveying the Garrison Common for the Ordnance Department, the latter having agreed to grant the city two hundred and seventy-eight acres to be converted into a park, provided the City Corporation would agree to clear and fence it. As City Engineer Mr. Howard made a plan of the proposed park and drew up the estimate of cost, £450; but owing to the unwillingness of the eastern members of the Council to agree to this outlay, the scheme fell through. With the exception of the survey of the Government Creek, this was the last public work Mr. Howard was destined to undertake for some time. For twenty years he had laboured incessantly with a success such as it has been given to few men to achieve. But now the wearied brain cried out for rest, and Mr. Howard’s medical adviser ordered him off to Europe. On the first of May, 1853, Mr. Howard, accompanied by his wife and a son of Mr. Rowsell, the printer, sailed from New York on the Cunard steamship Arabia for Liverpool. No sooner had the steamer got to sea than he was attacked by his old enemy, sea-sickness. There was a touch of humour in the sufferer’s description of the manner in which he struggled with his foe. He says: “Dr. Widmer had advised me to take gruel in case of sea-sickness; but a gentleman on board recommended champagne. The wine was the easiest to get on board, and we all took it. It turned like pyroligneous acid on my stomach and made me much worse. A Scotch gentleman—Mr. Mackenzie—a passenger, recommended a glass of water with a teaspoonful of raw oat-meal in it three times a-day. This I took for eight days until we arrived at Liverpool.” The party arrived in London just seventeen days after leaving Toronto; rather a contrast to the eleven weeks and three days from London to Little York twenty-one years before. While in the English metropolis Mr. Howard was generally fêted by the profession, dining with Sir Charles Barry, the architect of the Parliament Houses at Westminster, and with the Skinners’ Company. However, his physician soon ordered him away from the gaieties of London, and after a brief stay in the Isle of Wight, he visited Paris, and subsequently made a tour of some of the English counties. On the 7th September he sailed for New York, and reached Toronto on the 26th of the same month, his health having been greatly improved by his holiday. Soon after his return, in October, Mr. Howard received instructions from the City Council to survey and locate, in conjunction with the Honourable Mr. Seymour, Engineer for the Northern Railway, the line of that road along the Esplanade, and to take it up the Government Creek, following the curves of the creek until the summit level should be gained. It will be remembered that the manner in which this Esplanade contract was subsequently let caused a great deal of dissatisfaction among the citizens. In January, 1853, Mr. Howard was appointed Associate Judge, as will be seen by the following letter:—

Mr. Howard attended the Sessions for four years, and sat on the Bench with Chief Justice Robinson, and Judges McLean and Richards. On the 30th of May, 1855, the Hon. Geo. W. Allan, Mayor, and the members of the Board of Works appointed a Mr. Kingsford, of Quebec, a great politician, as City Surveyor in Mr. Howard’s place, after the latter had served the city faithfully for eighteen years. However Mr. Kingsford was dismissed at the end of the year. A majority of the aldermen and councilmen promised to reinstate Mr. Howard as City Engineer in 1856, but he declined on account of his health. On the 22nd of September, 1855, Mr. Howard made arrangements with Marquis Rossin to act as consulting architect and engineer, and to thoroughly inspect the whole of the works as they progressed in the erection of the Rossin House, and to certify all accounts as the works progressed. In March, 1856, he resigned his situation as drawing-master at Upper Canada College, after twenty-three years’ service. Since Mr. Howard’s retirement from city business, in 1857, he has amused himself by collecting works of art, which he has since donated to the city of Toronto, and has erected a gallery for their reception. There are one hundred and twenty-seven pictures, all handsomely framed and glazed. He has also given to the Public Library a very handsome donation in the shape of some hundreds of volumes, among which are the following:—

As Forest Ranger for High Park for the last ten years, Mr. Howard has been kept busy in laying out roads, underbushing the land, drawing plans and specifications, and superintending the erection of pavilions and other necessary buildings, for which services he receives one dollar per annum. These buildings were necessary for the convenience of pic-nic parties visiting High Park. He has also made plans and specifications for a platform and shelter for passengers visiting High Park by rail at the eastern entrance of the park, and has paid one hundred dollars out of his own pocket towards its erection in order to induce the Corporation to maintain it. He also has plans and specifications prepared for a canal and wharf or pier, six hundred feet long, into ten feet water, in front of the said eastern entrance. Mr. Howard’s tomb, of which we give a view, was erected in 1874 and in 1875, in memory of his wife and in readiness for himself. The cairn is constructed with granite boulders. Mrs. Howard was a Scotch lady, which accounts for the cairn. Mr. Howard was a Masonic Knight Templar, therefore the double pedestal terminating with the Maltese cross. The consecrated ground on which it stands is enclosed with some of the old iron railing which surrounded St. Paul’s Cathedral, London, England, for one hundred and sixty years. The vicissitudes of the railing were curious. After its removal from St. Paul’s it was purchased by Mr. Robert Mountcastle, of St. John’s Wood, London, of Mr. J. B. Hogarth, iron merchant, London, and shipped by him in good condition, on board the steamship Delta, for Toronto, 14th October, 1874. The Delta went ashore five miles below Cape Chat light, on 8th November. A portion of the railing was recovered from the wreck, and sent to Montreal in a mutilated state by the salvage men. Mr. Howard bought it and shipped it to Toronto, where it arrived 21st August, 1875. After having been repaired by Messrs. W. Hamilton & Son, of the St. Lawrence Foundry, it was finally fixed on the stone curb where it now stands, on 18th November, 1875. The cost of erecting the tomb, including vault and iron railing, amounted to $3,120. The marble pedestal came from the Rutland quarries, Vermont, U. S., and weighs over ten tons. Engraved on a brass plate—which is fixed round one of the gate-posts of the old iron railing—is the following inscription: “Sacred to the memory of John George Howard and Jemima Frances, his wife. John George, born 27th July, 1803. Jemima Frances, born 18th August, 1802; died 1st September, 1877, aged seventy-five years.” On the other gate-post is a brass plate, bearing a characteristic inscription having reference to the removal of the old iron railing from St. Paul’s Cathedral.

Elijah Hull was born in Somersetshire, England, and came to Canada in 1855. He followed the vocation of a gardener, and has been seven years engaged at the Horticultural Gardens. He is also sexton of St. Peter’s Church, and resides at the corner of Parliament and Amelia Streets.

Simon Humphrey, builder, is the youngest son of Smith and Sarah (Greenwood) Humphrey, and was born in the Township of York, in 1821. His parents came from Providence, Rhode Island, at the conclusion of the War of 1812, and settled in Canada, locating on a farm of four hundred acres in the 3rd concession of York Township. The family consisted at that time of six sons and one daughter, all of whom were born in Providence. Mr. Humphrey, sen’r, with the assistance of his sons, cleared the land, and in connection with his farming worked at his trade of carpenter, and in 1827 erected a saw mill on the River Don, which he operated until his death, in 1832. Previous to his demise he had removed to Toronto, and, renting a house on the corner of Wellington and Bay Streets, worked at his trade, two of his sons occupying the farm. Simon, the subject of this notice, when eight years of age commenced to attend a school at Toronto, kept by Mr. S. E. Taylor, and afterwards learned the trade of builder with his brother-in-law, Robert James; and on completing his term of apprenticeship started business for himself, which he has ever since continued.

Isaac Hutchinson was born in York, February, 1824, being the son of Isaac Hutchinson; his mother was a daughter of John Charlton, of Cumberland, England. Mr. Hutchinson’s parents came to York in 1818, his father opening a blacksmith’s shop on the corner of Duke and Ontario Streets, and also purchased a fifth of an acre of land of what is now 120 Duke Street, which became the family residence, where our subject was born, in 1824. The old stone building, erected in 1819, is still standing, the walls of which are two feet thick, the stone being brought from the lake shore, and is mentioned in Dr. Scadding’s “Toronto of Old.” Mr. Hutchinson’s father carried on blacksmithing until 1832, when he died, leaving three sons and three daughters. Our subject was the youngest son, and the only one now living of the family. He began his apprenticeship at the age of sixteen as a blacksmith, served three years, and then five years as journeyman, after which he kept a grocery store for five years on Yonge Street, near Adelaide. He then moved out of Toronto for nine years, and on his return engaged in the coal and wood business until 1880. He belongs to the Methodist Church. In politics he is a Reformer. His wife was a daughter of John Barron, from Cumberland, England, by whom he had seven sons and four daughters. In 1835 Mr. Hutchinson and his brother were engaged in burning charcoal for blacksmithing, on the present site of Carleton Street.

Peter Hutty, deceased, was born at Cottingham, near Hull, Yorkshire, England, in 1819, being the only son of a family of four children, born to Joseph and Mary (Smith) Hutty. His father died in Montreal soon after they arrived, and his mother then came to York. He went on the farm of his maternal grandfather, Wm. Smith, who had emigrated from Yorkshire, England, and settled near Brampton. I. A. Smith was a son of his, who kept the Yorkshire House here for many years. He remained with his grandfather until he was seventeen years of age. In 1836 he came to Toronto, and engaged in a business in St. Lawrence Market, where he remained many years, carrying on a large business, and engaging in Government contracts. In 1839 he married Margaret, second daughter of John Gray, who was born in York in 1796. By his marriage he had a large family of sons and daughters, most of them living at his death in 1882; they were educated and brought up at the family residence, corner Yonge and Cottingham Streets, which street he named after his native place. For fourteen years Mr. Hutty held a seat in the Yorkville Council, two or three of which he was reeve, during which he introduced, and carried against much opposition, the erection of the Town Hall, the Public School, and allowing the street railroad to cross Bloor Street, all of which proved of great advantage to the people of Yorkville. He was a Justice of the Peace for several years. In politics he was a Conservative. Of a noble, generous disposition, he was respected by all who knew him.

Patrick Hynes is the youngest son of Patrick Hynes and Frances (Bergin) Hynes, who settled with his family in York (now Toronto) in 1831, and was born in the County Tipperary, Ireland, May 1st, 1830. His father was a contractor and builder and carried on that business in Toronto until his death in 1857. The subject of this sketch was educated at St. Michael’s College, Clover Hill, Toronto, and in early life followed the business of his father. The elaborate plaster work in Osgoode Hall is a tribute to his skill and workmanship. In 1863 he was elected Alderman for St. David’s Ward, which then comprised St. David’s and St. Thomas’ Wards of the present day. He represented that ward for ten consecutive years, when he resigned to accept the position of one of a special commission to value the city. In 1864 he was appointed an officer in the Post-office Department of the Civil Service, which position he has since held. He is the Captain of No. 6 Company of the reserved Militia (east Toronto). Mr. Hynes has been twice married; in 1861 to Ellen Augusta, daughter of Cornelius Spilling and Annie Skelly; and in 1870 to Kate Jane, youngest daughter of William Kingsley and Ellen Minelian. By the former wife he has had three, and by the latter six, children, viz.: by the first, Michael Edward; Ellen Augusta; William Gilbert; by the second, Katie Frances; Charles Patrick; Frank Kingsley; Florence; Aileen and Mary Nora; all of whom still survive, except Ellen Augusta, who died in her first year. In politics Mr. Hynes is a Conservative, and in religion a Roman Catholic. He is a York Pioneer.

William Hynes was born in Queen’s County, Ireland, in 1827. In 1831 he came to Canada with his parents and family who settled in Toronto (then Little York). William commenced to work at the age of ten years, and in due time started business for himself as contractor, which he has since continued. He married May Spilling, daughter of Cornelius Spilling, by whom he had the following children, four daughters and three sons: May Frances; Annie; Nellie and Lillie; P. William; John Francis and Alfred William Bergin. Mr. Hynes resides at 157 Wilton Avenue.

Jeremiah Iredale was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1822. He came to Toronto in 1832, with his father, who established himself in business as a glazier and painter. After remaining with his father for some time he entered the service of Ross, McLeod & Co., dry-goods merchants; A. Lawrie & Co., and others. He afterwards worked for Hon. J. H. Dunn, Receiver-General, and for Shaw, Turnbull & Co., dry-goods merchants. For the past fifteen years he has been in the employ of J. Fleming, 356 Yonge Street, and is now engaged in the same place. Mr. Iredale was a member of the old fire company, of which his brother John was captain.

Samuel Iredale, retired, was born in Keswick, Cumberland, England, in 1807, his parents being James and Jane (Shaw) Iredale; his grandfather was Jeremiah Iredale, of Manningham, England. In 1819 his father came to Canada with his family and settled in Toronto, at the corner of Queen and Bay Streets, in a building which his son John had built on the lot, and which is still standing. By trade he was a plumber and glazier; after he came out here he worked at tinsmithing, which business he carried on until his death, December 18th, 1845. Ishmael Iredale came to Canada in 1825, and learned the tin trade with his brother; he then went to work for Hiram Piper, with whom he stayed for twenty-three years. He then began tin business for himself on Yonge Street, near Trinity Square, retiring about seven years ago. Mr. Iredale served in the fire brigade for thirty-eight years; he is a Reformer and a member of the Church of England. On July 9th he married Elizabeth Burns, fourth daughter of Thomas Burns, who had come from Yorkshire, England; by her he had four sons and five daughters; only two sons are now living, one of whom keeps a tin shop on the corner of Queen and Bay Streets. He has a sister living who is ninety-four years of age.

William Iredale, retired, was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1826, being the fourth son of William and Grace (Hollinrake) Iredale. In 1832 he came to Canada with his parents. His father, who had been a plumber and glazier in England, engaged in the tin business when he settled in Toronto, and continued in that line until his death in 1865. The subject of this sketch was engaged in the last manufacturing business, up to March, 1879, then having lost an arm by being caught with a belt and thrown round a shaft in his factory, on Sheppard Street, he retired; his son now attends to the business. In 1849 he married Rachael, daughter of William Daniel. Mr. Iredale was a member of the old fire brigade. In religion he is a Methodist, and in politics a Reformer.

Alderman John Irwin was born in Ireland, between Vetrinam and Leitrim, in 1824, and is the eldest son of William and Martha Irwin. In 1850 he sailed for New York, where he remained a short time, finally coming to Canada and locating in Toronto for a short period. After spending four years in Quebec he returned to Toronto, where he has since resided. For fifteen years he was proprietor of the General Wolfe Hotel, on the corner of Church and King Streets, and was also engaged in farming eight years, ten miles out of the city. He was the first man to hitch a horse to a steam fire engine, having had a contract to furnish the horses for the fire engines for eighteen years. Mr. Irwin has been in the City Council the last five years, and for the last eight years has been living retired. He is a large property owner. In 1856 Mr. Irwin was married to Jane Henry, daughter of John Henry, by whom he has had two children.

JOHN JACQUES.

John Jacques, Beverley Street, one of the founders of the manufacturing firm of Jacques & Hay, was born in Cumberland, England, in the year 1804. His father, Thomas Jacques, was educated for the Church, but he entertained conscientious scruples about signing the Thirty-nine Articles of Faith, and being possessed of remarkable skill in mathematics, he became a teacher in Carlisle, and after a successful career retired to the country, where he died, leaving six children. The subject of our memoir was then but six years old. He learned the cabinet-making business in Wigton, but early in life went to London and acquired a knowledge of his trade which served him so well in after years. In 1831 he embarked for New York with his mother and sisters, and after a short stay in that city moved to what was then York, the capital of Upper Canada. His first employer failed and left him in debt. He was next employed by the late Mr. Thomas Gilbert, who long resided on the corner of Bay and Adelaide Streets, after which he entered the service of a Mr. Maxwell, who, after a time, proposed that he should purchase his business. While on the way home from the shop one night he met Mr. Robert Hay, and proposed the partnership which was eventually accepted and the business taken in hand. Subsequently they erected two stores west of the Telegram Office, which in course of time proved to be too small for their large increase of business. They moved their shop to Front Street, its present site, in 1847. The business gradually increased until they not only supplied all Canada but built up a large trade with England and other foreign countries. In 1854 and 1856 they suffered loss by fire of over two hundred thousand dollars, almost all they possessed. They soon, however, rebuilt their works upon a larger scale, and the business grew to its present great dimensions. The partnership continued from 1838 to 1872, when Mr. Jacques retired with an ample fortune, which he has since considerably increased by judicious investments. In politics he has always been a strong Reformer, in religion a member of St. Andrew’s Church. He is a member of the St. George’s Society, and a Director of the National Investment Company. He has only one child, the wife of Mr. John Stewart, of Hamilton, President of the Bank of Hamilton, and of the Hamilton and North-Western Railway. Since 1872, Mr. Jacques has lived a quiet life, enjoying the fruits of his toil.

ROBERT JAFFRAY.

Robert Jaffray was the third son of William and Margaret (Heugh) Jaffray; born at Bannockburn, Scotland, 1832, near which was his father’s farm, where he passed his early life. When twelve years of age, by the death of his father, he was thrown upon his own resources. After attending school at Stirling until the age of fifteen he entered the service, as an apprentice, of J. R. Dymock, grocer and wine merchant, Edinburgh, Scotland, where he remained for five years, at the expiration of which time he came to Canada, arriving in Toronto in the fall of 1852, where he joined his brother-in-law, Mr. J. B. Smith, grocer and wine dealer, being employed as his manager. The establishment was situated on the site now occupied by Jaffray & Ryan, corner of Yonge and Louisa Streets, then the most northern establishment on Yonge Street. Three years later he became a partner, the business being conducted under the name of Smith & Jaffray. In 1858 a disastrous fire swept away Mr. Smith’s lumber yard and sash and door factory, by which they sustained a great loss. Mr. Smith then retired from the firm. With industry, combined with perseverance, which will enable a man to overcome difficulties that actually seem insurmountable (and these excellent qualities Mr. Jaffray possessed in an eminent degree), he began to work with renewed energy to repair their commercial interests, and was ultimately rewarded. Under his efficient management prosperity crowned his efforts with brilliant success. In 1883 he retired upon a competency, and the business, which he laboured so long and faithfully to establish, passed into the hands of the present firm of Mr. George Jaffray & James Ryan. During the thirty years of Mr. Jaffray’s residence in Toronto, besides managing his mercantile interests, he has been identified with many public enterprises of great magnitude. His indomitable energy, untiring industry, exemplary character; his devoted attention to every minute detail in business, and abnegation of self in his studious zeal for the interests of those whom he served caused his services to be eagerly sought. Under the advice of the late Hon. George Brown, he was appointed by the Hon. Alexander Mackenzie Director of the Northern Railroad, in which capacity he served three years in looking after their interests, the Government being large creditors of that corporation. From information furnished by Mr. Jaffray, a Royal Commission was issued by the Government to look into the affairs of the company, which resulted in a satisfactory settlement of the then existing claims. He was afterwards chosen a Director of the Midland Railway, of which board he is at present an efficient member. In 1874 he took an active part in organizing the Toronto House Building Society (now the Land Security Company), of which he is Vice-President. He is also Director of the Toronto Trust Company, Director of the Globe Printing Company, Director of the Sovereign Insurance Company, Director of the North America Life Insurance Company, Director of the Homewood Retreat, or Private Asylum for Inebriates and Insane, at Guelph; and Director of the Midland and North Shore Lumber Company. He is a member of the Caledonian and St. Andrew’s Societies. In politics Mr. Jaffray has identified himself with the Reform Party, and although solicited to accept nomination for civic and parliamentary honours he has declined. In 1860 he married Sarah, youngest daughter of John Bugg, by whom he has two sons and two daughters. Immediately after the exciting political campaign of 1879, one of the most bold and daring attempts on record was made to kidnap several of the leading men of the Reform Party for the purpose of extorting from them a large ransom. Among these were the late Hon. George Brown, Hon. Oliver Mowat and the subject of this sketch. Through a chain of circumstances the latter was drawn into the snare and taken from his residence at night upon a pretended arrest, Mr. Jaffray giving himself up to his captors on their producing a document purporting to be signed by the Hon. Judge Wilson, acting for the Minister of Justice at Ottawa, directing him to be immediately brought to his residence for examination, relative to certain charges of a grave character. Our subject went with his captors, having no suspicion of foul play; but instead of being taken to Judge Wilson’s residence, he was driven to a lonely spot on the east side of the Don and Danforth Road where it was intended to imprison him in a cave on the bank, which his captors had previously prepared for his reception. The cave was discovered by two detectives while searching in the neighbourhood where the outrage was committed. They found a cavity dug out of the hill on a farm owned by Mr. Playter, which was capable of accommodating several persons, under the peculiar circumstances in which they might have been induced to abide in it. Mr. Jaffray, on alighting from the carriage, and finding himself the victim of a nefarious plot against his personal liberty, struggled with his captors and managed to free himself from them, and awakened the inmates of a house a short distance away, when his abductors made their escape. The officers of the law at once made vigorous efforts to solve the mystery, and arrested two young men, brothers, Thomas and Ross Deal, who were tried; the former was found guilty of committing the outrage, and was sentenced by Judge Burton to be confined in the County Jail, at hard labour, for a period of two years, and to give bonds for his future good behaviour. His accomplice was discharged. And thus ended one of the boldest plots to deprive several citizens of their liberty ever recorded in the Province.

Silas James, Provincial Land Surveyor, was born in the Township of York in 1834. His father was William James, who was born in the County of Tyrone, Ireland, in 1801; his mother was born in the Township of York, and was a daughter of Thomas Johnson, a U. E. Loyalist. They had ten children, Silas being the fourth. William James was a Justice of the Peace and a member of the District Council; in politics he was a Reformer and in religion a Methodist; he died in 1874, his wife having died many years previous (1855). Silas James came to Toronto in 1854 and began a course of study with Dennison & Bolton, with whom he remained four years. For the next five years he was in British Columbia engaged in the milling and mining business, then he returned to Toronto. From 1867 till 1874 he was County Engineer; he also had charge of the York Roads. From 1874 until 1880 he was a director of the Toronto House Building Association; he is a member of the York Pioneer Society. In 1867 Mr. James married the fourth daughter of Richard Sully, of London, Ont., formerly of Nottinghamshire, England.

Thomas R. Johnstone, flour and feed merchant, was born in Little York in 1829, on the present site of the Post-office, and is the seventh in a family of nine children. His father, John Johnstone, came to Canada from Scotland, about 1798, with his father’s family. His father carried on the business of a butcher and drover until his death in 1834. He left a family of four daughters and two sons, as follows: John, living in the United States; Thomas R.; Almeria; Sarah, dead; Adeline; and Isabela, married to T. W. Gosford, Aurora. Mr. Thomas R. Johnstone has been engaged in the flour and feed business since 1882.

Captain John Kemp, 6 Gerrard Street West, was born on the Canadian side of the Niagara River, about three miles from the Town of Niagara, in 1802, and was the third son in a family of nine sons and four daughters. His father, John Kemp, came from the State of New York in 1783, at the close of the Revolutionary War; he died in 1834. Captain Kemp remained on his father’s farm until 1826, when he came to Little York and commenced sailing on the lakes. He first sailed as purser with Wm. Brecket, who ran the packet between Kingston, Toronto and Niagara; he afterwards bought an interest in the vessel. He navigated the lakes from 1826 until 1873, the last boat that he was on being the Paragon, a sailing vessel. He married a daughter of George Laird, by whom he has three daughters and two sons living.

James Kidd, deceased, was born in Ireland about 1809, and came to Canada in 1826, settling in Toronto, where he remained until his death in 1844. He was a volunteer during the Rebellion of 1837; and the exposure to which he was subjected, acting on a constitution not physically strong brought on a complaint from which he never recovered. His wife was Miss Catherine Oliver, a native of Ireland also, by whom he had eight children, only three of whom are now living. Mrs. Kidd died in 1844, in her eighty-third year. John Kidd, the second son of the above, was born in Toronto. At an early age he commenced to learn the painting and decorating trade, which he still continues to follow. He has been a city tax collector for the last six years, his residence being at 63 Seaton Street. In 1855 he married Miss Rebecca, daughter of Robert Stanley, an early settler in Toronto. They have a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters, all of whom are still living.

Josiah Brown King, Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Ontario Independent Order of Oddfellows, was born in Hamilton, Ont., July 4th, 1836, his father being Eleazar King, and his mother Adeline Corrinne Brown. His father’s people were Lower Canadian French. The early life of our subject was spent in Niagara, where he learned the trade of carpenter with his father. He afterwards worked at his trade in Brantford and Toronto, and subsequently engaged in the hat, cap and fur business in Brantford, Ont., which he carried on until his removal to Toronto in 1879, the Order requiring his whole time and attention. He was elected to his present position in August, 1876. He is a Reformer and a member of Bond Street Congregational Church. His wife was Miss Brockington, of Plymouth, England.

Dr. John S. King, Toronto, was born at Georgetown, County of Halton, Ontario, on April 26th, 1843. His father was Stephen King, who was born in Doontown, Wiltshire, England, in 1813, being the second son in a family of six sons and two daughters born to James and Alice (Taylor) King. Stephen King came to Canada in 1833, visited Toronto and was joined, in 1835, by his father and his family, who located in the Township of Bayham, County of Elgin. Subsequent to the Canadian Rebellion he located in Toronto, and was one of the few who formed the first class at the Congregational College, which was then located on Yonge Street. The building (a frame one) stood, until last summer, where Edward’s lumber yard now is. In 1839 Stephen King went to Hamilton, and in 1842 married Margaret Hess, of German extraction. Her father, Samuel Hess, came from Pennsylvania, during the War of 1812, and settled in the Township of Barton, County of Wentworth. Stephen King and wife are both still living with their son, the Doctor, in Toronto. Dr. John S. King became a school-teacher when nineteen years of age, and rapidly rose, soon becoming Principal of the Waterloo Central School; during the first two years of its existence, he was President of the Waterloo County Teachers’ Association. Meanwhile he had become a valuable and paid contributor to various newspapers and periodicals. He gave up teaching in 1869, and in 1872 became a member of the Globe editorial staff, on which he continued for three years; he was also for three years Canadian correspondent of the Chicago Tribune, as well as a writer for several other papers. While writing for the press he began the study of medicine, and abandoned the press to enter that profession. In 1876 he became a member of the Ontario College of Physicians and Surgeons. He subsequently received the degree of M.D. from the University of Victoria College. In 1881, he was appointed medical officer of the Mercer Reformatory. In addition to this he has a large and lucrative practice in Toronto. In 1874 he became a member of the Knights of Pythias, in which society he rapidly rose. In 1876 he entered the Grand Lodge, and at the same session was elected Grand Chancellor of the Order of Ontario; at the three following annual sessions he was re-elected to the office. In 1877 he was elected a member of the Supreme Grand Lodge, and is at this writing the Supreme Prelate, or third highest officer in that society, numbering one hundred and sixty thousand members. He has likewise held at various times official positions in the following societies, viz., Freemasons, Oddfellows, A.O.U.W., Select Knights, Sons of England and Royal Arcanum. He is now one of the Vice-presidents of St. George’s Society.

Samuel Lee, a deceased York Pioneer, was the second son of William Lee, of Blakefield, Ennescorthy, Wexford County, Ireland. He was born on the 25th December, 1795, and received his education in Dublin. He afterwards entered the artillery service of the Honourable East India Company, and, in the companionship of his brother, sailed for Madras in the year 1814. His battery (No. 3) was in active service continuously for six years, and during that period Samuel Lee visited the greater portion of the vast Indian peninsula. While stationed at Dum Dum, he occupied the Worshipful Master’s chair in lodge “Courage with Humanity,” A. F. and A. M., and was also a Companion of the Honourable and Ancient Order of Red Cross Knights. He returned to England in 1827, and thence to his home in Ireland, from which he had been absent thirteen years. After a stay there of six years, he set sail for Canada, bringing with him his two sisters, arriving in New York July, 1833. Two years after his advent he married Jane Taylor, by whom they had six children, of whom are still living: P. T. Lee, Newmarket; Joseph R. Lee, Toronto; and Mrs. E. C. Pomeroy, Le Clare, Iowa. For thirty years Samuel Lee was manager and financier for John Richey, Esq., builder, and under his management many of the older churches of the city were erected; as also the Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Trinity College, Corn Exchange, Holy Trinity Church, St. George’s Church, Court House, New Fort buildings, the Widmer Hospital, the original Upper Canada College and Professor’s dwelling, the British Coffee House and other public and private buildings. He was secretary and treasurer of the Leader up to the time of its demise. At the time of the troubles of 1837, he was the first to answer Colonel McLean’s call for volunteers to defend Toronto against William Lyon Mackenzie’s irregulars. Mr. Lee died at his residence, Vanauley Street, on January 18th, 1882, after a short illness, in the eighty-seventh year of his age.

Thomas H. Lee, importer of watches and jewellery, is the fourth son of a family of nine sons and eight daughters, born to Joseph Lee by his two wives, Mary Clark and Maria Shanks. Joseph Lee was born in London, England, in 1794, and was a ship architect. In 1832 he came to Canada and settled in Little York, where, after having held several offices, including that of Alderman, he died August 20th, 1861; his second wife, who was born in London, England, in 1810, is still living. Joseph Lee’s father was James Lee; he was an officer in the British army, and served in the Battle of Waterloo. The subject of this sketch was born in Montreal in 1832, and was educated at Toronto. In 1856 he began business in the jewellery line with J. G. Joseph, in the Victoria Block, on King Street. He is a Conservative in politics, and for twenty-seven years has been connected with the Freemasons. He married a daughter of Thomas Bell.

John Leys, barrister, etc., was born January 27th, 1834, at Pickering, Ont., and is a son of the late Francis Leys, of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He studied law with the late Angus Morrison, and in 1855 was admitted to the bar. He was one of the projectors of the Narrow Gauge Railway, and has always taken an active interest in railway matters. In politics he is a Reformer. He twice contested the seat for East Toronto in the Local Legislature, but was defeated, his opponent on each occasion being the Hon. Alex. Morris. In 1865 Mr. Leys was married to Helen, only daughter of the late William Arthurs.

William Lumbers, sen’r, was born at Peterborough, County of Northampton, England, in 1816, being the only son of James Lumbers. His mother’s maiden name was Maddison. Mr. Lumbers came to Quebec in 1837, then travelled through Ontario with a Cornish regiment, in which he had enlisted for a life term, but he only remained in it about four years and eight months. He returned to England, with the regiment, in 1841, and purchased his discharge. During the winter of 1837 the regiment was on duty in Lower Canada, after which it came to Ontario on foot, one thousand strong, commanded by Colonel Maitland, who later died at London (Ont.). Mr. Lumbers participated in the Battle of Point DePlay, when ninety-three men of his regiment defeated five hundred rebels, killing eighty of the enemy. After he had procured his discharge he came to Toronto in June, 1842, and engaged in different occupations, prominent among which was an immense dairy, consisting of over four hundred cows, from which he supplied almost the entire city with milk for a period of ten years. During nearly forty years of his life he made the herbs and roots of the fields and forest almost his constant study, until he acquired considerable knowledge of their use and medicinal virtues. He prepared from these simples invaluable compounds, which he gave gratuitously to the poor, and all who applied for them, for years. The demand becoming so great, he decided to bestow on all his fellow-men the benefit of his years of study and experience. Consequently, in 1881, taking to assist him his youngest son, Henry, he embarked in the proprietary medicines business, which enables him to place within the reach of all those invaluable preparations which cost him years of labour and study to discover. His family consists of seven sons (all of whom are engaged in different trades in Toronto, with the exception of one who resides in Manitoba), and two daughters.

Patarick McBrine was born in Ireland in 1820, and in 1838 emigrated to Canada and settled in Toronto. He joined the first incorporated Dragoons, then stationed in this city and commanded by Captain Magrath. They were shortly afterwards ordered to Kingston, which was at that time the seat of Government, and while there Mr. McBrine was appointed mounted orderly to his Excellency the Governor-General, Lord Sydenham. The troop was discharged at Kingston, from further service, in 1842, and Mr. McBrine returned to Toronto, settling on Maitland Street, at that time enjoying the suggestive title of Wood’s bush. Church Street was then a deep ravine, difficult to cross from one bank to the other. Mr. McBrine was employed in the Bank of Montreal for nearly thirty years, and now receives a pension from that institution, having lived retired since 1878. In 1865 he married Miss Catharine Guthrie, of Toronto, by whom he had three sons and two daughters.

Timothy McCarthy, 194 Sherbourne Street, was born near Killarney, County Kerry, Ireland, in 1818, arrived in Quebec in May, 1841. After reaching Kingston he went to Rochester, and returned to Toronto in May, 1842. He was teacher of the Separate School, Richmond Street East, about three years, and afterwards kept a grocery store on King Street East. In 1851, on a strong letter of recommendation from the Hon. Robert Baldwin, he was appointed by the Hon. Francis Hincks manifest clerk in the long room, about 10th April, the duties of which he performed about six weeks. He was then transferred to one of the wharves and appointed landing waiter, receiving his commission from Lord Elgin. On his first entrance into the Custom House there was only Collector, Mundell. He was transferred to the port of Belleville in 1857. Surveyor Scott and Chief Clerk Cameron, and two landing waiters then comprised his staff. He is at present officiating under his fourth collector, the Hon. James Patton, and will have been thirty-four years in that department on 10th April next, and the oldest Custom House official in the port.

Alexander McClelland, retired, is a native of Ireland, having been born in County Tyrone in 1819. He came to Canada in 1844 and landed in Toronto, where he first engaged in school teaching, following that occupation for twenty-two years; after which he held the office of receiver for the Street Railway Company, for several years. He next kept a grocery, flour and feed store, etc., at 253 King Street East, from which he retired in 1873. He held the office of city assessor for three years. In 1844 he married Miss E. McClelland, by whom he has a family of two sons and two daughters. The Rev. Thomas J. McClelland is pastor of the First Reformed Presbyterian Church at Brooklyn, N.Y.; the Rev. Alexander McClelland is located at Duncanville, Ont.

Andrew Taylor McCord, jun’r, was born in Toronto on the 14th April, 1848. His father, Andrew Taylor McCord, was born in Cookstown, in the North of Ireland, on the 12th July, 1808. He emigrated to Canada with his father, Andrew McCord, who died in Toronto in the year 1851. Three of Mr. McCord’s sisters are still alive, viz.: Mrs. Peter Freeland, Miss McCord and Mrs. John Rains. He held the office of city treasurer for forty-five years, having been appointed in 1834. He was four years President of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society, which society chiefly owes its existence to Mr. McCord, who was one of the originators. He was for thirty years one of the Vice-Presidents of the Tract and Bible Society, and also acted as its Secretary for many years. He was also connected with the Home for Incurables, House of Industry, Newsboys’ Home, as a director or otherwise. Mr. McCord organized the first Baptist church here; it was situated on March Street, now Lombard Street. He was a Justice of the Peace, appointed to that position by the Mowat administration; in politics he was a Reformer. For nearly thirty years he lived at the north-east corner of Church and Gloucester Streets, when he died September 5th, 1881, leaving a wife, six daughters and one son. Mrs. McCord, the wife of our subject, is the daughter of the late Andrew Taylor, of Dublin, Ireland, a large ship-owner. He ran the first line of steamers between Dublin and Glasgow. She was born on the 17th of March, 1814, and resides with her son, Mr. A. T. McCord, jun’r, at the old family residence on the corner of Gloucester and Church Streets.

S. Edward McCully, M.D., Ontario Pulmonary Institute. The proprietor of this institute was born in the County of Kent, Province of Ontario, in the year 1841. Dr. McCully received his education in Toronto, and his degree of M.D. from the University of Victoria College in the year 1862. His grandfather went to Nova Scotia from Scotland in the year 1776, and was a Baptist minister well-known from one end of that Province to the other, being one of the founders of the now large Baptist body there. He raised a large family, some of whom became farmers, some lawyers and one a Liverpool lumber merchant. Among the more notable of the family was the Honourable Jonathan McCully, who for a quarter of a century served his country in the positions, at various times, of Attorney-General of Nova Scotia and Solicitor-General;^[1] also as one of the Confederation Delegates from that Province to Quebec, and lastly to London, England. When Confederation became a fait accompli, he was called to the Senate of Canada, and lastly was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of his Province, holding that position till his death. He was taken ill while sitting on the Bench, and died shortly afterwards in harness. Dr. McCully’s mother was born in Halifax, and had the honour, with her father, to be the first to board the Shannon as she swung up to the dock at Halifax with the Chesapeake in tow, and the old lady can yet give a vivid account of the scene of blood and carnage that met her eye on that memorable occasion. In the year 1834, the doctor’s father and mother started from Cumberland, N.S., for Canada, and after an eventful voyage, first to Boston and then to Buffalo, they arrived in the County of Kent, where they hewed out a home from the then almost unbroken forest, and where the old gentleman died, a few years ago, at the ripe age of seventy-two. Many were the vicissitudes through which they passed during the earlier stages of their pioneer life; among others an attack by Indians set on by the U. E. Loyalists, when the mother of the subject of this review upset a beehive just in front of the house, causing the dusky warriors, amid howls of pain and terror, to beat a hasty retreat before the foe. Dr. McCully is now practising as a specialist, and is treating chronic, skin, blood and nervous diseases and deformities, as well as throat and lung. He has a large and comfortable place on the corner of Jarvis and Gerrard Streets, in this city, and is using electricity in all its forms known to the medical profession. He takes his patients into the house, now known all over Canada as the Ontario Pulmonary and Electric Institute, and his is the only sanatorium of the kind in Canada. He is of the advanced school of thought, using inhalations in lung diseases and removing cancers, not only by the knife but also by the plaster and solution by electricity. He has also discovered recently an absolute cure for rupture without using knife or truss.

John McGann, hotel-keeper, Toronto, was born in Little York in 1829. His father, Patrick McGann, was born in Sligo, Ireland, in 1782, and in 1816 came to Canada and located at Kingston, where he married Betsy Wair, by whom he had the following children: Charles, dead; Thomas, dead; Edward, a farmer in the Township of Scarboro’; and one daughter who died in infancy. These children were all born in Little York, whither the parents removed from Kingston in 1820. Patrick McGann engaged in business on King Street, near Sherbourne, until 1832, when both he and his wife died of cholera. After his father’s death John McGann was kept at school by his aunt and uncle. In 1849 he commenced sailing on the lakes between Kingston and Chicago, and continued at that until 1869 when he engaged in business as ship-broker. He afterwards opened an hotel and still carries on that business. In politics Mr. McGann is a strong Conservative.

Thomas McGaw (of McGaw & Winnett), proprietors of the Queen’s Hotel, was born in the Township of Whitby, County of Ontario, in 1833. His father, Thomas McGaw, was born in Cairn Ryan, Wigtonshire, Scotland, in 1792, and came to Canada in 1832; he settled in the Township of Whitby where he resided until his death in 1878; his wife is living in Toronto, and is ninety years of age. He was a Baldwin Reformer; during the Rebellion he was arrested but afterwards released. The subject of this sketch lived on his father’s farm until the year 1850, when he went into a country store, subsequently in 1859 to the United States, where he remained until the Trent affair, when he returned to Toronto and joined the Victoria Rifles. In 1862 he came to Toronto and engaged in business at the Queen’s Hotel with the late Captain Dick, owner of the building. It was at first intended for four private residences; it afterwards became Knox College, then Sword’s Hotel, and lastly the Queen’s. Mr. McGaw married a daughter of Captain William Gordon, who ran the old lake steamer Admiral, and who died of cholera in 1847.

John McIntosh, lumber merchant, was born January 30th, 1826, in Little York. His father was John, son of John McIntosh, who was born in Scotland in 1754, and came to Canada in 1801 with his wife, whose maiden name was Ann Ferguson, and his children, Nancy, John, Jane, Robert and Jean, all of whom are now dead. His grandfather remained at Quebec for two years, and in 1803 located at Little York, where, on the corner of Duke and Princess Streets, he worked at his trade, that of a blacksmith. He purchased from the Hon. John McGill a lot on the corner of Yonge and Queen Streets, containing one and a-half acres, for which he paid $400; on this he built a house. After coming to Canada there were born to him six children, viz.: Isabel, Eliza, William, Charles, Jean and David; of these the only living ones are Isabel, now Mrs. Elliott, living at Highland Creek; and David, living in Fulton, Calvin County, Missouri. He died January 29th, 1830; his wife died in 1814. John McIntosh, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Scotland in 1796. After coming to Toronto with his parents he went to school to the late Bishop Strachan. He and his brothers married and sailed the lakes for many years. A short time after the war of 1812, he and his brother James owned a vessel called the Brothers; Robert and William sailed with them until they got a vessel of their own. In the fall of 1833, Charles built the steamer Cobourg, which he ran between Toronto and Montreal; he died of cholera in 1834, and was followed by his brother James one week later. John served in the war of 1812, and was present at the capitulation of Detroit. He was also in the militia at the time York was taken by the Americans. He was a Baldwin Reformer, and was chairman of the Reform Committee at the time when William Lyon Mackenzie went to England to lay the grievances of the people before the British Government. For eight years he represented the North Riding of York in the Parliament of Upper Canada. He was twice married. In 1823 he was married to Catharine, daughter of Rev. Alexander Stewart, the first Baptist minister in Little York; she was born in Scotland, and came to Canada in 1813 with her father; she died February 10th, 1832. By her Mr. McIntosh had five children, viz.: Catharine, John, Ann Jane, James, and another, who died in infancy. In the year 1833 he married a widow, named Ellen Ferguson, by whom he had seven children: Isabel, Robert, Ellen, Eliza, James, Charles and Margaret. In religion Mr. McIntosh was a Protestant. His first wife was a Baptist. He died in Toronto on July 3rd, 1853. John McIntosh, whose father and grandfather bore the same name, was born in Little York, January 30th, 1826. He was educated at the primary schools and at Upper Canada College. In 1847 he began a three years apprenticeship with Isaac White as builder. In 1849 he entered mercantile life by opening an agricultural implement and hardware store on Yonge Street, in partnership with Samuel Walton. He continued this for five years, when he entered Patterson’s hardware store. In 1869 he engaged in the lumber business, and has been at that ever since. On August 18th, 1853, he married Isabella Walton, youngest daughter of Matthew Walton, by whom he has five children living, viz.: Anna, Isabella, Adele, Alice and Lillian; he lost six children by death. In religion Mr. McIntosh is a Baptist, and in politics a Reformer.

Archibald McKinlay, 94 Gloucester Street, was born in the State of South Carolina, in 1817, and is the son of John and Esther (Jackson) McKinlay. In early life he had the advantage of a good education and was the youngest son in a family of five children, none of whom except himself came to Canada. He arrived here in 1856 and joined Mr. O. T. Bevan in a general manufacturing business for four years, subsequently entering largely into the lumber trade. In 1878 Mr. McKinlay purchased a farm in the Township of West York, part of lot 27, concession 2, and is at present engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1857 he bought the property where he resides, his residence having been erected by Lavens Newsome. He is a member of the English Church, and was for many years treasurer of the Temperance Society of Yorkville. In politics he is a Reformer. Mr. McKinlay is the only surviving member of his father’s family. He married before he came to Canada, and has only one son; he is engaged in the window shade manufacturing.

William McLaren, D.D., Professor of Systematic Theology, Knox College; residence, 73 St. George Street. Dr. McLaren is a native of Canada. He was born in the Township of Torbolton, in the County of Carleton, and is the fifth son of David McLaren, who was born at Drumlochey, Perthshire, Scotland, in 1789. His mother, Elizabeth Barnet, was born at Auchterarder, Perthshire, in 1788. His parents were married on 6th January, 1817, and after residing some years in Glasgow, came to Canada in 1822, and settled for a short time at Richmond, Ont. They then removed to Torbolton, on the banks of the Ottawa, where William was born. Subsequently Mr. David McLaren removed to Wakefield, Quebec, where he died in 1869; his wife following him six years later. He was by occupation a farmer, mill-owner and merchant, having been for a number of years associated with two of his sons in the well-known lumbering firm of James McLaren & Co., Wakefield and Ottawa. William McLaren received his preliminary education in the Grammar School, Ottawa, and in the Toronto Academy, an institution which, owing to changes in the educational system of the Province, was subsequently closed. His college training was secured in Knox College, which at that time gave both a Theological and an Arts course. He also attended certain classes in the University of Toronto, although it was not then on its present liberal basis. On 1st June, 1853, he was ordained by the Presbytery of London, in connection with the Presbyterian Church of Canada, and was inducted into the charge of the church at Amherstburg, Ont. Here he entered upon his responsible duties with zeal and earnestness, and met with an encouraging measure of success. In 1857 he moved to Boston, Mass., having received a call from Knox Church, Beacon Street, now known as Columbus Avenue Presbyterian Church. The congregation was then in connection with the Presbytery of Montreal. This connection having been found inconsistent, it was, on his advice, dissolved, and the congregation was transferred to the Presbyterian Church in the United States, and Mr. McLaren returned to Canada. After receiving various invitations to important spheres of labour, Mr. McLaren accepted a call to the John Street Presbyterian Church, Belleville, where he laboured with success until 1870, when he was called to the pastorate of Knox Church, Ottawa. During his residence in Ottawa he held, by appointment of the General Assembly for the Session of 1872, the position of Lecturer on Apologetics in the Presbyterian College, Montreal. In 1873 he was appointed, by the same body, to the chair of Systematic Theology in Knox College, and as a professor has achieved success in his Alma Mater. In 1883 the University of Queen’s College, Kingston, conferred on Prof. McLaren the degree of Doctor of Divinity. Dr. McLaren has always taken an active interest in the missionary operations and in the general work of the Church, and was for sixteen years convener of its Foreign Mission Committee. He is at present Moderator of the General Assembly, that body having conferred on him the highest honour in its gift, by electing him to that office in June, 1884. In 1854 Dr. McLaren married Miss Marjory Laing, third daughter of James R. Laing, of Middrie Park, Melbourne, Quebec. He has living one son, David, a Licentiate of the Presbyterian Church, and one daughter, Elizabeth Barnet, now Mrs. Arthur Mowat.

Colonel Neil McLean, late of St. Andrews, in the County of Stormont, Upper Canada, was born at Mingary, in the Island of Mull, in the year 1759. At an early age he served as ensign and lieutenant in the Royal Highland Emigrants, or 84th Regiment. The regiment was disbanded after the American Revolution, and Mr. McLean placed on half-pay on the 24th of June, 1784. In 1796 he was made Captain in the Royal Canadian Volunteers and served in Montreal, Quebec and York, until that corps was disbanded. He was then appointed Sheriff of the Eastern District, and in 1812 he was again in active service as Colonel of the Stormont Militia and Commandant of the District, taking part in the Battle of Chrysler’s Farm. After the war he was appointed Legislative Councillor of Upper Canada. He married the youngest daughter of John McDonell, of Leek, who, with his two brothers, McDonells of Coulaquhi and Aberholder, emigrated from Scotland with a number of their dependents and clansmen to the British possessions in America. When the Rebellion broke out the brothers remained true to their country, and leaving their property on the Mohawk River made their way through the wilderness to Canada. John McDonell, of Leek, died in Montreal and was buried under the parish church. Colonel McLean had three sons and five daughters, the sons were John, Archibald and Alexander. John, the eldest, was at one time Sheriff of Frontenac, and subsequently Registrar of the Counties of Glengarry, Stormont and Dundas; he served through the War of 1812. Alexander, the third son, also served through the war, being severely wounded when leading the attack at Ogdensburg. He was for some years member for Stormont and Commandant of the Eastern District; he died at Cornwall in 1875, aged eighty-two years. Colonel McLean’s second son, Archibald, was born at St. Andrews, on the 15th of April, 1791, and was educated in Cornwall at the celebrated Dr. Strachan School. When sixteen years of age he went to York and studied law with Mr. Firth, the then Attorney-General. In 1812 he got a commission in the 3rd York Militia, and was wounded at Queenston Heights while assisting Lieutenant-Colonel McDonell (Aide-de-Camp to General Brock), who, when wounded, called to him, “Archy, help me!” Owing to delay in extracting the ball, Mr. McLean’s life was for a time despaired of, and for several months he could not return to his duty. Mr. McLean was in York when it was taken by the Americans. He carried the colours of the 3rd York Militia to a place of safety, burying them in the woods behind Mr. McGill’s house, the site where now stands the Metropolitan Church; he made good his escape and reported himself at Kingston. After this he raised a company for the incorporated military from among the Highlanders of Glengarry. He commanded this company at Lundy’s Lane, where he was taken prisoner, and was detained, part of the time in close confinement, until the end of the war. After peace was proclaimed, declining a commission offered him in the regular army, he resumed the study of the law under Dr. Baldwin, father of the late Hon. Robert Baldwin, and was called to the bar in 1815. He then established himself in Cornwall, where he continued to reside until his appointment to the Bench, in 1837. He married Miss Joan McPherson, a daughter of John McPherson, Esq., of Three Rivers. In 1817 Mr. McLean was retained by the North-West Company to take evidence relating to the difficulties between the North-West Fur Company and the Hudson’s Bay Company, which difficulties had led to the killing of Governor Semple and his men. The long journey to the Red River had to be made by canoe and the party suffered a good deal of hardship, the scarcity of provisions compelling them to live for three weeks entirely upon catfish. The object of this journey was, however, accomplished. In 1820 he was elected to the Parliament of Upper Canada from the County of Stormont, and continued a member of the House until 1837, when he was appointed to the Bench, having been twice Speaker of the House. In 1825 he went to England to press the claims for pensions of those who had served during the War of 1812 and succeeded in having these claims allowed. On being called to the Bench in 1837 he came with his family to Toronto, arriving here about a month before the breaking out of the Rebellion. A few days before that event, in conversation with some of his brother judges, he expressed his fears that there would be trouble. “Oh,” said one of them, “McLean, you are afraid.” “Yes,” he said, “I am afraid we will be caught napping,” and sure enough there was not a soldier in the town when Mackenzie assembled his force at Montgomery’s Hill. When the bells rang out the alarm, he, with his eldest son, John, took his horses, and going to the old fort, they got artillery harness, and, lumbering up a twelve-pounder, drove to the City Hall, where the loyal people were assembling. As they drove up, the word went through the hall: “Here come the rebels,” and a hundred guns were levelled, when fortunately they were recognized by Chief Justice Robinson, who told the men who they were. In the attack on Montgomery’s Hill, Judge (Colonel) McLean commanded the left wing. He was afterwards sent to Washington with despatches to the British Minister, and when en route would have been taken as a hostage by the sympathizers (Mackenzie being then on Navy Island), had it not been for the care of his warm personal friend, though political adversary, Marshall S. Bidwell, who, with some of the leading people of Rochester, kept watch to prevent any attempt to seize him. His career on the Bench is one of the traditions of the Law Society. His judgment in the celebrated Anderson case having excited more popular feeling and gratitude than any judgment ever delivered in Canada. On the retirement of Sir John Robinson, Judge McLean was appointed Chief Justice of Upper Canada, and in 1863 he was made President of the Court of Appeal. He died on the twenty-fourth day of October, 1865, in his seventy-fifth year. At the request of the Law Society, and the profession generally, his funeral was a public one. In commenting on his death, the Upper Canada Law Journal wrote as follows: “The manner of the late President of the Court of Appeal upon the Bench was dignified and courteous. Unsuspicious, and utterly devoid of anything mean or petty in his own character, his conduct to others was always what he expected from them. The profession generally, the young student as well as the old practitioner, will long remember with affection his courtesy and forbearance in Chambers and on the Bench; others will think of him as an entertaining and agreeable companion and a true friend; while others will call to mind the stately form of the old Judge as he approached and entered St. Andrew’s Church, where he was a constant and devout attendant, rain or sunshine, until his last illness which terminated in death. Archibald McLean was a man of remarkable and commanding presence; tall, straight and well-formed in person, with a pleasant, handsome face, and a kind and courteous manner, he looked and was every inch a man and a gentleman. He belonged to a race, most of whom have now passed away, the giants of Canada’s early history. He was one of those honest, brave, enduring, steadfast men, sent by Providence to lay the foundation of a country’s greatness. The funeral cortege proceeded to the Necropolis, where amidst the sorrow of all who knew him were deposited the mortal remains of the Honourable Archibald McLean; the brave soldier; the upright judge; and the Christian gentleman.” Mrs. McLean, who survived him, came of Highland descent, her grandfather being the man who accompanied Dr. Cameron (brother of Locheil), his first cousin, to Scotland after the forty-five. Dr. Cameron was taken and was the last man executed. Her grandfather was pardoned and offered a commission, which he declined. He emigrated to Canada and assisted in the defence of Quebec, being one of the defenders of the Sault-aux-Matelot, when Montgomery was killed; one of his sons was killed during the siege. He was offered payment for his services and for his house, which was burned by a shell, but the old Highlander replied, “I take nothing from the House of Hanover.” Mrs. McLean died in the year 1870, leaving seven children surviving her, four sons and three daughters; of the sons, John Neil, the eldest, died at Prescott, Ontario, in 1875; Archibald George is a barrister in Toronto; Thomas Alexander was an officer in the Queen’s Own at Ridgeway, and subsequently raised and commanded the Toronto Garrison Battery. He is now Registrar of the Calgary District, N. W. T., and the youngest, Neil, is manager of the Branch Bank of Montreal, in Brockville, Ontario. The family still hold the old homestead on Catharine Street, Toronto.

The Honourable William McMaster, who to-day stands in the front rank of Toronto’s prominent citizens, was born in the County of Tyrone, Ireland, on the 24th December, 1811. After receiving a sound education at a private school, he bade farewell to home, friends and country and set sail from Londonderry in 1833, bound for New York, leaving for Toronto in the same year, and entered upon his brilliant business career as a clerk in the wholesale and retail house of Robert Cathcart. His business tact and great ability were not long in making themselves known to his employer, and in 1834 Mr. Cathcart gave him a partnership in the business. This continued for ten years, when Mr. McMaster decided to launch out into business for himself. He accordingly opened out a wholesale dry goods house, and, by his industry, extended his business so thoroughly that there were few merchants in Western Ontario who were not his customers. The business increasing he found it necessary to move to larger premises, which he built adjoining the Bank of Montreal. The style of the firm was now William McMaster & Nephews. After a few years it was again found necessary to increase their premises. They accordingly erected the large and commodious warehouse on Front Street, now occupied by A. R. McMaster & Brother, the firm which succeeded the old one on the retirement of Mr. McMaster, who decided to turn his attention to financial affairs. Since his retirement from the wholesale dry-goods trade, Mr. McMaster has found a sphere in which his fine abilities have produced as good fruit as they did in commercial life. He was foremost among those who organized the Bank of Commerce, and is one of the principal stockholders. On the incorporation of the Bank he was elected its first President, and has held that position for more than twenty years. He has also held other responsible positions. Among these are Director of the Bank of Montreal; Director of the Ontario Bank; President of the Freehold Loan and Savings Company; Vice-president of the Confederation Life Association and Director of the Isolated Risk and Farmers’ Insurance Company. For several years Mr. McMaster was Chairman of the Canadian Board of the Great Western Railway, and was the only member retained by the English Board upon the Canadian Board being abolished. In politics Mr. McMaster is a Liberal, but took no active part until 1862. In that year he was elected to represent, in the Legislative Council, the Midland Division, comprising the counties of South Simcoe and North York. Up to the year 1856 the members of the Legislative Council had received their appointments from the Crown, but, by a change made in the Constitution in that year, the elective system was introduced, the members to hold office for eight years. Mr. McMaster was at first reluctant to contest the seat, but, when pressed by his friends, yielded, and going into the contest with his usual vigour and energy was returned by a large majority. Before the term for which he was elected had elapsed Confederation took place and the Legislative Council passed away, to be succeeded by the Senate. By Royal Proclamation in May, 1867, Mr. McMaster was one of the Senators called to represent Ontario. In 1865 he was appointed a member of the Council of Public Instruction, and until 1875 he continued to represent, at the Board, the Baptist Church, of which he is a prominent member. In 1873 the Lieutenant-Governor nominated him a member of the Senate of Toronto University. The Canadian Literary and Theological Institute, originally at Woodstock, owes its existence to Mr. McMaster. He contributed $12,000 to the building fund, and constantly assisted the Institute by generous donations. This valuable institution was afterwards removed to Toronto, where a magnificent building, known as McMaster Hall, has been built, Mr. McMaster contributing $60,000 toward its erection. The Jarvis Street Baptist Church is another monument to the liberality of this great friend of education and religion. The joint contribution of Mr. McMaster and his wife to the building fund of this costly and handsome structure is $60,000. Nor are these donations the extent of his generosity. The Upper Canada Bible Society, a non-sectarian institution, of which he is Treasurer, and the Superannuated Ministers’ Society of the Baptist Church of Ontario, enjoy his support, both by donations and personal services. Mr. McMaster has been twice married; in 1851 to Mary Henderson, of New York City, who died in 1868, and in 1871 to Susan Molton, widow of the late James Fraser, of Newburgh, N.Y.

Albert A. Macdonald, M.B., 202 Simcoe Street, is the son of the late Judge Archibald Macdonald, of Guelph, and grandson of the late Captain Macdonald of the 25th Regiment. He was born at Cobourg in 1851, and was educated at Guelph and at Toronto University, where he graduated in 1872. He then visited the medical schools of Great Britain, chiefly those in London and Edinburgh. He was afterwards elected a Fellow of the Obstetrical Society of London and became a Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Edinburgh. In 1873 he commenced active practice in Guelph, continuing until 1878 when he removed to Toronto where he has had extensive surgical experience. He is Surgeon to the Orphans’ Home, Surgeon on the active staff of the General Hospital and Consulting Surgeon to the Infants’ Home. He is also examiner for a number of insurance companies and is Medical Referee for Ontario for the Equitable Life Insurance Company of New York. Dr. Macdonald received a military training under the 29th and 60th Regiments, and took first class certificates at both the infantry and artillery schools, under Lieutenant-Colonel Williams, R.A. In 1872 he was appointed Surgeon to the Wellington Field Battery, and was afterwards transferred to a similar position in the Toronto Field Battery which he now holds.

W. H. Macdonald, M.D., M.R.C.S., England; L.R.C.P. & S., Edinburgh, 422 Church Street, is a native of Inverness, Scotland. His father, Graham Macdonald, was a farmer in that country, came to Canada in 1856, and took up land in the County of Halton, where he now resides. Dr. Macdonald was educated at Trinity College, Toronto, and in 1883 graduated at the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Edinburgh, and the same year in the Royal College of Surgeons, England. In 1883 he commenced practice in Toronto. He was one of the resident staff, Toronto General Hospital, in 1881-2, and Gold Medallist, Trinity Medical College, 1882.

H. T. Machell, M.D., was born in Aurora, Ontario, 1850. He was educated at Markham Grammar School. In 1873 he took his M.D. degree at Toronto University, and afterwards attended the Bellevue Hospital, New York, for some time. The years 1874-5 he spent in Great Britain, attending the colleges and hospitals in England and Scotland. Returning to Canada he settled down at his present address, No. 320 Spadina Avenue, where he has built up a very good practice. Dr. Machell married Miss Emily Broughall, daughter of the Rev. A. J. Broughall, Rector of St. Stephen’s Church, Toronto.

James G. Malcolm was born in the Township of Scarboro’, April 26th, 1840. His parents, Archibald and Elizabeth (Waddell) Malcolm, came to Canada from Scotland with seven children in 1834; his father had been three times married in Scotland. The family settled in the Township of Scarboro’, where the father bought two hundred acres of land in the 6th concession, where he died in 1866. The subject of this sketch left home in 1865, after having learned the trade of a carpenter, and went to Sharon, Pa., where he worked at his trade and where, in 1868, he was married to Laura A. Reeves, by whom he has two sons and one daughter. He was also living in Chicago at the time of the great fire. In 1874 he returned to Canada and settled at Toronto, where he shortly afterwards patented the Climax refrigerator; he sold the patent to Brice Bros., who are now making a large amount of money out of it. Mr. Malcolm built three large refrigerators for the new Canada Pacific Railway steamers, the Algoma, the Alberta and the Athabaska. Mr. Malcolm is a member of the A.F. and A.M. He has in his possession a very old Masonic emblem. It is a clasp which belonged to Malcolm, third King of Scotland, 1057. Mr. Malcolm is a great curler and belongs to the Toronto Curling Club.

Robert Malcolm, saddle and harness-maker, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1832, being the seventh in a family of ten sons and five daughters. He came to Canada with his parents in 1834. His father, Archibald Malcolm, had been a farmer in Lanarkshire until he was twenty-five; he then spent his next twenty-five years in Harvey & Co.’s wholesale silk warehouse, Glasgow. After coming to Canada he engaged in farming in the Township of Scarboro’ where he resided until the time of his death, in 1861, in his seventy-seventh year. His wife was a daughter of the late William Waddel, of Boness, Scotland; she died in 1884 in her eighty-seventh year. Robert Malcolm remained on his father’s farm until 1848, when he came to Toronto and learned his trade with the late William Gibson in East Market Square. He then carried on business in Scarboro’ for a short time, removing to Toronto in 1853, where he has continued in business ever since. Mr. Malcolm is a Presbyterian, and a Liberal in politics. In 1854 he married Ann, eldest daughter of the late George Cummings. Mrs. Malcolm’s mother is still hale and hearty at eighty-six, and can read the smallest print without glasses. Robert Malcolm is an enthusiastic curler, and is connected with the Grand National Curling Club of America, and also with the Ontario branch of the Caledonian Curling Club of Scotland.

Thomas Mara, retired, was born in the town of Carrick-on-Shannon, Leitrim, Ireland, in 1808, and is the third in a family of four sons and two daughters. His parents were Andrew and Mary (McMann) Mara; they died in Ireland; his father was a farrier. In 1832 Thomas Mara came to Canada, and having learned shoemaking in Ireland worked at that trade in Toronto, with Thomas Griffiths, for two or three years. He then opened a shop for himself at 244 King Street West, which he continued for about ten years. Then for thirty-five years he was engaged in buying real estate, he has now retired from business. Two of his brothers, John and Andrew, came out in 1842; both are now dead. John’s family is living on Grange Avenue. In 1835 Mr. Mara married the eldest daughter of Robert Stephens, of the Township of Nelson, by whom he has the following children, viz.: Susan, married J. Hollinrake, of Milton; William, lives in St. Louis, Mo.; Thomas, lives in Milton; Margaret, widow of J. Hickman, lives in Toronto; Henry S., is a real estate broker on Toronto Street; Sarah, married Alderman J. Brandon, Toronto; Mary Jane lives at home. Mr. Mara served under Captain Ross in the Rebellion, and was a member of the old fire brigade for fifteen years, and captain for seven years. He was a member of the City Council in 1845-6. In religion he is a Methodist, and in politics a Conservative; he is a member of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Association.

William P. Marston was born in the County of Kent, England, in 1820, and came to America in 1832. He remained in the States until 1851, after which he removed to Toronto and located on Yonge Street, where he conducted a gun business for twenty-eight years. He was the first in this line of trade who carried on this business successfully for so long a period, and was the only one who manufactured guns in Canada. He retired from business in 1879, and has since resided at 99 Alexander Street.

Theodore Henry Augustus Martens, professor of music, 37 Charles Street, was born in Hamburg, Germany, where he received his first musical education under Charles Kolling, and in 1864 went to the Royal Conservatoire of Music in Leipsic to continue his studies under Moscheles, Carl Reinecke, Plaidy, etc., and the great canonicus, Dr. Hauptman. Here he pursued his studies with such earnestness and diligence that he was awarded the Mendelssohn Prize which he carried off out of one hundred and fifty contestants, and graduated with honour and full diploma in 1867. At the end of 1868 he came to New York where he made his first appearance in Steinway Hall, in one of Theodore Thomas’ symphony concerts. Shortly afterwards he was engaged as Pianist by the great Violinist, Ole Bull, to travel with him through the United States, and in 1869 came to Canada. While in Halifax he had the honour of performing before His Royal Highness Prince Arthur of England. He held the Professorship of the Sackville Academy for three years, after which he was three years organist of Holy Trinity at St. John, N. B. Returning to Germany for a few months he came back to Canada and settled in Toronto, and has since been a resident.

John Martin was born in Simcoe County, Ontario, November 8th, 1840, and settled in Toronto in 1856, when he became a messenger boy for the Exchange Bank, remaining there until its failure. He attended the Military School where he received a first grade certificate in 1866. For several years he was book-keeper for the late Robert Wilkes. In 1872 he was admitted to the bar as an attorney and barrister and now practises his profession at 46 Church Street.

John M. Martin, machinist, Parkdale, was born in Toronto in 1849. His parents, James and Mary (Moodie) Martin, were both born in Dundee, Scotland, and came to Canada in 1848, when he settled in Toronto. His father became foreman in the mechanical shop of the Grand Trunk Railway and superintended the construction of the first engine run on that road. John M. Martin was educated in the public schools. When he was twelve years of age he began to learn his trade, at which he has ever since worked. In 1871 he married Harriet Bright, who was born in Toronto, April 22nd, 1853.

James Mathews, proprietor of the Robinson House, and ship-owner, was born in the Township of Pickering in 1823, being the second son in a family of seven children. His parents, John and Hannah (Peak) Mathews, came from St. John, N. B., and landed at Ashbridge’s Bay, there being only three small houses in York then. They settled on two hundred acres of land in Pickering, being lot 12 in the 2nd concession. He worked on the farm until his death in 1878, aged eighty-five years. During the War of 1812 he fought at Lundy’s Lane, Queenston Heights, Detroit and Sandwich, for which he received four medals; he stood within six feet of General Brock when he fell and assisted in carrying him off the field. At his death he left four children: William, Elizabeth, James and John. James Mathews resided on his father’s farm until 1847. He came to Toronto in 1854, and opened the International Hotel. He spent a year in Oil Springs, and returning to Toronto in 1861 engaged in his present business. He is a Reformer and a Methodist, and takes an active part in temperance work, being Vice-President of the Temperance Reformation Society. In 1849 he married Charlotte C., eldest daughter of Samuel Thorold, of Niagara, Ontario.

N. Maughan, Assessment Commissioner for this city, is a native of Northumberland, England, and came to Canada in 1832, with his people, at the age of ten years. His parents died the year of their arrival here; his father on the journey at Lockport, New York. Our subject in his youth learned the trade of carpenter, and resided at the suburban Village of Eglinton. He followed building and contracting for many years in and about Toronto, up to 1869, when he moved into the city, and in 1872 he became identified with the Assessment Department. In 1877 he was appointed Assessment Commissioner, which he has since retained. In 1843 he married Sophia Riley, a native of Prescott, Ontario, whose father was formerly from the County of Cavan, Ireland, her mother being the daughter of Colonel Drummond, an officer in the regular army, who was instrumental in settling the Scotch Pioneers in that region. His family consists of three sons and two daughters.

Francis H. Medcalf, deceased, son of William Medcalf, was born in the County of Wicklow, Ireland, in 1803, being the eldest in a family of ten children. In 1819 he came to Canada with his parents, who located on a farm in the Bayham District, County of Elgin, where he resided for four years. He then went to Philadelphia, Pa., where he learned the trade of a millwright and worked for several years. He subsequently married Mary, daughter of John Harrison. In 1839 he came to Toronto and located on Richmond Street, east of Church Street; four years later he removed to Queen Street, upon the present site of Good’s foundry, opposite to which he conducted business for several years as a manufacturer of agricultural implements. In 1850, in order to afford better accommodation for his increasing business, he removed to King Street East, near the Don, where he carried on business as builder of steam engines, saw and grist mill machinery, and threshing machines, until 1875, when he retired from business and rented his place to Mr. Charles Livey, which was destroyed by fire in 1877. In 1879 he purchased the foundry at 503 King Street East, then owned by the late William Hamilton; he conducted that until his death in 1880. Besides attending to his large manufacturing interests, Mr. Medcalf sat in the City Council for six years, representing St. Lawrence, St. John’s and St. David’s Wards. For five years he was Mayor of the city, during which time he visited London, England, and Ireland, at his own expense, at the invitation of the Lord Mayor, to attend the grand banquet at the Guildhall, given in honour of the mayors of the cities and towns throughout the colonies. He was a Magistrate, and was brought out for parliamentary honours in East Toronto, but was defeated by the Hon. M. C. Cameron. He was a prominent member of the Orange Body, of which he was Grand Master, and was also a member of the A.F. and A.M., and of the Church of England. At his death he left six children, of whom Alfred, the third in order of birth, succeeded him in business. Mr. F. H. Medcalf built the first threshing machine and cleaner (combined) in Canada. He was very unfortunate by fire, having had his place of business completely destroyed six times, four on Queen Street and twice at the Don; at the first four he lost everything having no insurance, on the latter he had a small insurance but saved nothing.

Andrew F. Mercer was born in Toronto in 1851. His father, Andrew Mercer, sen’r, was born in Sussex, England, 1778. In 1802 he came to Canada with his father, whom he continued to live with up to the time of his death, which occurred June 24th, 1824. In 1803 Andrew Mercer, sen’r, received from the Government a grant of two hundred acres of land, which afterwards proved to be the most valuable property; in the same year he became a clerk in the Government Office. He was afterwards engaged in business as a general merchant on King Street, and subsequently kept a distillery at Hogg’s Hollow, (York Mills). After giving up the distillery he was appointed issuer of marriage licenses, which position he held until his death in 1871. He had amassed a great fortune; he sold a portion of land between King and Wellington Streets, west of the Parliament Buildings, to the Rossin family for $20,000; at his death he held $90,000 stock in the Merchants’ Bank; he was offered $60,000 cash for the place where he lived, near the south-east corner of Bay and Wellington Streets. He gave a great deal for charitable purposes. After his death his estate reverted to the Crown, and the Government of Ontario, acting for the Crown, erected out of the estate an institution for the reclamation of fallen women known as the Andrew Mercer Reformatory at a cost of $90,000; also an eye and ear infirmary, known as the Andrew Mercer Eye and Ear Infirmary, in connection with the Toronto General Hospital at a cost of $10,000, a small portion of the estate being allotted to Andrew F. Mercer.

Thomas Meredith, retired, was born in the County Sligo, Ireland, August 15th, 1812. His father was John Meredith, a linen draper, and his mother Mary McDonald. In 1829 he came out with his brother John and located in Little York. He was first employed as a clerk in John Watkins’ hardware store on King Street East. He was in partnership with Gooderham & Worts for ten years, and dealt a great deal in grain which he brought from several of the ports on Lake Ontario. He married Susannah Ardagh, by whom he had the following children viz.: Arthur, Thomas, Richard, William, George, Sarah and Fanny. In religion Mr. Meredith is a member of the Church of England.

Honourable William H. Merritt, St. Catharines. A biography of William Hamilton Merritt, of more than four hundred pages, has been published by his eldest son living, J. P. Merritt, therefore we propose to give only a brief sketch of his life in this work—briefer than would otherwise seem to answer our purpose. His father, Thomas Merritt, a Loyalist of the Revolutionary time, and a Cornet in the regiment known as Simcoe’s Queen’s Rangers, married Mary Hamilton, of South Carolina, left the United States with other Loyalists for New Brunswick in 1783, removed to Canada in 1793, and it was while on this journey that our subject was born in the State of New York, on the 3rd of July, 1793. The family settled on the Twelve-Mile Creek, in the old Niagara District. Here the boy, then three years old, grew to manhood and made his history. He commenced his education under Mr. Cockerell, at Burlington, now Hamilton, continuing his studies at Niagara, and receiving a slight classical polishing at the hands of the Rev. John Burns. At fifteen years of age he visited St. John, New Brunswick, where he had relatives, and where he studied surveying, algebra, trigonometry and other useful branches. In June, 1812, when the United States declared war against Great Britain, he immediately drew his sword, having just received a Lieutenant’s commission. Three months later he was Major, and, at the Battle of Queenston Heights, October 13th, 1812, holding the position of Commander of Militia Cavalry of Upper Canada, he was deputed by General Sheafe to receive the swords of the American officers captured. He was in other engagements, including those at Detroit, for which he received a medal, at Stony Creek and Lundy’s Lane, and during the latter engagement was taken prisoner. At the close of the war Mr. Merritt returned to St. Catharines, went into the commercial trade, and continued in trade until 1819. In 1818 he had a survey made of the land from the south branch of the Twelve-Mile Creek now at Allenburgh, due south two miles to the Chippewa, in order to see if it was feasible to supply his mills by means of a canal with a full supply of water from the latter stream. This apparently trifling undertaking finally suggested to Mr. Merritt the more gigantic enterprise of connecting the waters of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, by means of a canal. This grand idea—the Welland Canal—which he conceived, was commenced in November, 1824, and completed in November, 1829. It was the pioneer enterprise of the kind in Upper Canada. But Mr. Merritt’s spirit was indomitable; he had noble coadjutors in the work, and it was done, giving Mr. Merritt a red-letter page of unsurpassed brilliancy in the history of Canadian enterprise. In 1832 Mr. Merritt was elected to Parliament for Haldimand; was placed on the Finance Committee, and served several years in that body, becoming chairman of the committee just mentioned, in January, 1838. He went into the Government as President of the Executive Council in 1848, and was Chief Commissioner of Public Works in 1850; sat for Haldimand and Lincoln until 1860, when he was elected to the Legislative Council for the Counties of Lincoln and Welland. As a legislator he looked well to the interests of the Welland Canal; was a strong advocate of internal improvements generally; took broad and statesmanlike views of all subjects coming up for consideration, and was one of the most industrious and useful members of Parliament. He was a strong advocate of the union of Upper and Lower Canada, a measure which was effected in 1841. During the period of his legislative career, the Rebellion occurred (1837-38), but Mr. Merritt entered into none of the military proceedings, designating the attempt at revolution as the Monkey War. In 1840, Mr. Merritt, who had long been a Director of the Welland Canal, was again elected President of the company, and continued to work with the utmost diligence for its interests. He was rightly regarded as the father of that grand public work. He favoured the building of the Welland Railway, which now runs along the side of the canal, knowing that both would aid in the development of the country. He took a liberal and comprehensive view of all such matters, and laboured untiringly to promote the welfare of Canada until his death, which occurred on the 5th July, 1862. Thomas Rodman Merritt, the youngest of the three sons who grew to manhood, was educated at Grantham Academy and Upper Canada College; was a merchant at St. Catharines from 1844 to 1846; a miller for the next twenty-three years; a Director of the Niagara District Bank for more than twenty years and its President for several years; a member of the Dominion Parliament from 1868 to 1874, and is now Managing-Director of the Welland Railway, Vice-President of the Imperial Bank, and president of two or three local corporations or societies. “Rodman Hall,” his home, is one of the most elegant residences on the Niagara Peninsula.

James Metcalf, 174 Bloor Street West, is a native of Cumberland, England, and is the eldest son of James Metcalf, contractor. In 1842 the subject of this sketch came to Toronto, and commenced business as contractor. Among the buildings erected by him, St. James’ Cathedral bears testimony to his workmanship. He also built the old Post-office, Trinity College, and other public buildings. He went to Australia in 1852, and carried on business there for four years, and returning again to Toronto retired into private life. In 1867 Mr. Metcalf was returned as a representative in the House of Commons, and remained as such until 1878. He was elected President of the Royal Canadian Bank in 1865, and appointed a J.P. the year previous. In 1843 he married Miss Ellen Howson, daughter of John Howson, of Peterborough County, Ontario.

James Michie, deceased. Prominent among those names which have been associated with the progress and development of Toronto the one which heads this sketch is especially worthy of mention. His death being of comparatively recent occurrence, the citizens of Toronto will retain a vivid remembrance of the munificence which distinguished his lifetime, and the generous manner with which he caused his wealth to be disbursed for the benefit of the city charities and other public institutions on his demise. Mr. Michie was of Scotch birth and parentage, his home being Corryhoul, Strathdon, Aberdeenshire. He was born in 1828, and was the youngest of a family of seven children, the issue of the union of James and Sophia Michie. At the age of seventeen he came to Canada in company with his elder brother Henry, and entered the service of A. Ogilvie & Co., wholesale and retail grocers, of Toronto, in which house his uncle, the late Mr. George Michie, held a partnership, and to whose influence, doubtless, our subject was indebted for his entrance on a business career which eventually proved so strikingly successful. This business, with which the name of Michie is now so prominently connected, was first established in 1836, with a branch in Montreal, the founders being Alexander Ogilvie and Thomas Kay, under whose name it was conducted until 1852. In that year Messrs. James Michie and A. T. Fulton were admitted into the firm, and with the great increase of business it was decided also to separate the wholesale department from the retail, which was accordingly done, the former being conducted by Messrs. George Michie and A. T. Fulton, on Yonge Street, and the retail business remaining on King Street, with the firm name of Fulton, Michie & Co., under the management of Mr. James Michie. The death of Mr. Kay in 1855 somewhat altered the position of affairs, that event being signalized by the closing of the Montreal branch, and transference of all his business to Toronto, which was continued by the remaining partners until 1866 when Mr. George Michie died, the business being thereafter conducted by the two surviving members of the firm. On Mr. Michie’s death in 1883 this flourishing concern passed into the hands of John F., George S., and Forbes Michie who compose the present firm, and the business is still carried on under the old style of Fulton, Michie & Co. Apart from his own particular business, which must of necessity have occupied the greater portion of his time and attention, Mr. Michie’s business talents found scope in other departments where his knowledge of finance proved of no little value. He held at stated periods a directorship in the Bank of Commerce, the Western Assurance Company and the Dominion Telegraph Company, in the latter of which he combined also the position of treasurer; the vice-presidency of the Freehold Loan and Savings Company, and likewise was a member of the Board of Trade. Before the Whitby, Port Perry, and Lindsay Railroad became amalgamated with the Midland, it had, for the preceding ten years, been owned by Mr. Michie, his partner, Mr. Fulton, and two other gentlemen, and was operated by them during that period, they having purchased it from the original proprietors. It would naturally be conceived that one in his position, and in whose competence his fellow-citizens had unbounded faith should scarcely have failed to respond to the many earnest solicitations with which he was assailed to accept municipal and political honours. But no, his inclinations did not tend that way, and all temptations held out to him of future distinction in that direction were modestly refused, to the disadvantage, we cannot help but think, of the governing bodies generally, where his habitual caution and knowledge of financial matters would have been of great service. We have hitherto mentioned the success which attended Mr. Michie’s business career, it is now our pleasing duty to record some of those benevolent actions which should keep his memory green in the minds of our citizens, and which bear full testimony to the general desire on his part to benefit the inhabitants of the city. One act may be mentioned which of itself would show the generosity of his nature. His late uncle, George Michie, originated the Home for Incurables, leaving a legacy of $2,000 to found the institution, provided an equal amount should be given by the public within three years. In case they failed to comply the bequest was to revert to Mr. James Michie. The public failed to subscribe the amount necessary within the specified time. The deceased (who was residuary legatee under the will) carried out his uncle’s intentions and likewise added the substantial sum of $4,000, and to him alone the foundation of the Home is due. His charitable disposition on many a memorable occasion was put to the test, and never found wanting, but it was reserved for Toronto to know, when she had lost him, of what sterling quality was composed the mind of the man who had passed away. By his will he bequeathed to the Toronto Hospital, $3,000; Lying-in-Hospital, $2,000; St. Andrew’s Church, $4,000; Queen’s College, Kingston, $4,000; Widows and Orphans, $4,000; Temporalities Fund, $4,000; Tract Society, $500; Bible Society, $1,000; Magdalen Asylum, $2,000; Girls’ Home, $2,000; Boys’ Home, $2,000; House of Industry, $3,000, and the poor of the parish of Cargaff, Scotland, $200. As a true friend of the Church, Mr. Michie never neglected her interests, nay, he was profuse in his generosity in this respect; witness his magnificent contribution of $11,000 towards the building fund of St. Andrew’s Church (of which he was a devoted member), besides large donations for missionary and other purposes. He was appointed a member of the board of managers of his church in July, 1861, and was chairman of the building committee, in both of which positions he rendered valuable service. He was a member of the Council of Queen’s College, Kingston, and at his death a resolution of condolence with his family, was passed by the college board. As one of Scotia’s sons, he was ever true to the memory of his native land, and was always a steadfast friend to his countrymen. Year after year they urged him to accept the presidency of St. Andrew’s Society, of which he was a member, but his retiring disposition was opposed to the gratification of their desires. It was not until the annual meeting in 1881 that he was prevailed upon to allow his name to be used, and at the annual meeting previous to his death he was re-elected. In business circles he was respected for his integrity, and every reliance could be placed upon his word. He was alike remarkable for the simplicity of his character, as he was unaffected by his prosperity and accumulated wealth. What he gave, he gave freely, and his own happiness appeared bound up in the prospect of making others so.

He passed away beloved by his fellow-countrymen, respected by all as a gentleman and a citizen. His remains were followed to Mount Pleasant Cemetery by thousands, both rich and poor, and buried beneath many floral offerings of the most eminent men of the city and province, a just and fitting tribute to the purity of his life.

Robert Bell Miller, barrister, was born in 1814 and is the son of George Miller, a surgeon, who was educated in Edinburgh, Scotland, and who afterwards went to Ireland, where he married Mary Bell, third daughter of Dr. Bell. In 1820, the parents of our subject settled at Niagara with their family of five sons and two daughters, where Surgeon Miller lived until his death, which occurred in 1829; his wife died in 1841. Robert Bell Miller came to Toronto in 1829, and began business as a clerk in the store of Thomas Bell on King Street, where he remained until 1834, during which five years he had been studying law. In 1839, he was admitted to the bar, and at once commenced the practice which he has ever since continued. Mr. Miller served in the “Queen’s Rangers” at the time of the Rebellion, and witnessed the destruction of the Caroline. He is a Conservative, an Episcopalian and an Oddfellow of many years standing. He married Susannah, seventh child of the late Thomas Bell, of the Royal Engineers, and one of the old residents of Toronto. Both of Mr. Miller’s sisters are still living; one in the Township of Ancaster, County of Wentworth, and the other at Niagara.

Frederick Milligan, deceased, was born in Chester, England, March 25th, 1820. His father, Arthur Milligan, was a soldier in her Majesty’s 71st Regiment; he came to Canada with the regiment in 1824; his wife and family came in 1830. He died here in 1861; his wife died in 1881. At the latter’s death she left the following children: Frederick, Fanny, Alexander, Joseph, William, Robert and George. Frederick Milligan was married in 1842 to Margaret, daughter of John Bowman, by whom he had nine children. For some years he was a tailor, but in 1848 he opened a hotel called the Lord Roden and Colonel Verner. He died the 16th of May, 1883. At his death he left three daughters.

James Mitchell, retired, was born in the County of Armagh, North of Ireland, in 1811, being the fourth in a family of four sons and one daughter, born to James and Sarah (Hamilton) Mitchell, of Scotch extraction. In 1832 he came to Canada and located in York Township, where he engaged in lumbering and farming and also kept a store at Eglinton. He remained there for over forty years and only a few years ago returned to the city, where he now resides. Mr. Mitchell married a daughter of Jacob Snider, Esq., by whom he has four sons and five daughters living. During the Mackenzie Rebellion he was arrested and detained for two days; he boarded at Montgomery’s Hotel. Mr. Mitchell’s elder brother, Robert, who came to Canada in 1834, is now living retired in Harriston.

George Monro, deceased, ex-Mayor of Toronto, was born in Scotland in 1797. In 1800 his father emigrated to Canada, and settled at Niagara, where he resided until his death. After the close of the war of 1812, George Monro removed from Niagara to York, where he entered the service of his brother John, who opened a general store between George and Frederick Streets on King, afterwards on the corner of George and King Streets. On the death of his brother in 1830, he assumed control of the business which he continued until 1869, when he retired. From 1834 until 1841 he represented St. Lawrence Ward in the City Council. In 1841 he was elected Mayor, which office he filled most satisfactorily. From 1842 until 1845 he again represented St. Lawrence Ward in the Council. In 1844-5 he represented the third Riding of York, now East York, in the old Parliament of Canada. During the Rebellion of 1837, he was commissioned a captain of the York Volunteers. His wife was Christina Fisher of Montreal. Mr. Monro died in 1879, leaving two sons and four daughters, some of whom reside in Toronto.

George Monro, Jun’r, son of the late ex-Mayor Monro, was born in the building now known as the Black Horse Hotel in Toronto in 1831. He spent some years in business with his father. He was subsequently educated as a Civil Engineer, and was employed on the construction of the Toronto and Guelph line of the Grand Trunk Railway. For the past fourteen years he has been connected with Her Majesty’s Customs at Toronto.

John M. Monro, eldest son of the late ex-Mayor Monro, was born at York in 1828. In 1862 he went to Australia, where he remained nine years. In 1861 he went to England and Ireland, where he travelled for three years. He then returned to Toronto, where he has since remained. He resides at the Queen’s Hotel.

Alexander Montgomery, carriage manufacturer, 838 Queen Street West, was born in Markham Township, a little east of Yonge Street, near Hogg’s Hollow, now York Mills, November 1st, 1835. His father, Richard Montgomery, a brother of John Montgomery, who played such a prominent part in the Rebellion of 1837, was born in February, 1807, east of York Mills, and died August 14th, 1873. His wife was Hannah, daughter of John Smith, by whom he had the following children, all of whom survived him: Jane, born December 6th, 1832; John S., March 4th, 1834; Alexander, November 1st, 1835; Nathan M., July 23rd, 1837; Sarah Ann, September 10th, 1839; Martha, August 31st, 1841; Joseph, May 11th, 1843; Nancy, June 21st, 1845; David, May 25th, 1847; Mary E., July 22nd, 1849; Mahala, June 20th, 1850; Jerusha, May 6th, 1853; Victoria, May 23rd, 1855; Charles A., August 10th, 1857. The mother of these children was born near Thornhill, April 28th, 1812, and died October 14th, 1883. Alexander Montgomery began to learn the trade of a carriage-maker and general blacksmith when he was quite young; he has been manufacturing carriages for twenty-five years. In 1866, he married Mary Anne, daughter of Joseph Peelar. The Peelars were U.E. Loyalists, and settled west of the Hooton in 1800. Mary Ann Hooton, the great grand-mother of Mrs. Montgomery was drowned while crossing that river on horseback. Mrs. Montgomery’s grand-mother lived to be eighty-four years of age. She had a narrow escape from being shot during the Battle of York in 1812, while walking across Bloor Street with her son, then an infant in her arms.

Dr. John W. Montgomery, son of John and Mary Montgomery, was born at Newtonbrook, Ontario, in 1827. Hence he was only ten years of age when the Rebellion broke out, at which time he and his cousin (Abraham Wilson) were the only persons in the old hotel, the “Sickle and Sheaf,” owned by his father, when the first cannon shot came through his home, cutting down the three chimneys. These two lads stood viewing the scene from one of the upper windows; they thought it mere sport until a second shot entered the wing, when they were removed by some of their friends. After the Rebellion closed, and his father made his escape to the United States, his family joined him at Rochester, N.Y. Here our subject attended the Collegiate Institute until 1843, when the family returned to Toronto. He entered the private medical school taught by the late Dr. John Rolph; where he graduated in 1847. During his medical course he was offered, by a vote of his class, the position of Demonstrator of Anatomy, which he accepted. After completing his education, he practised at Sutton Village, Ontario, twenty-five years. In 1872, he removed to Bell Ewart, Simcoe County, where he remained until 1877, when he received the appointment of assistant superintendent in the Kingston Insane Asylum, where he remained five years. In 1882 he was transferred to the Hamilton Insane Asylum, where he at present resides. In politics he has always been a strong Reformer. His first wife was Josephine Gorham, of the city of New York; second, Elizabeth Anderson, of Hawick, Scotland; his third, Charlotte, daughter of William Jones, Esq., of Kingston, Ontario. He has four sons and three daughters.

Edward M. Morphy, jeweller, was born in the North of Ireland in 1820, and emigrated to Canada in 1835, in company with his master, he being at that time an apprentice. In 1837, his father, mother, six brothers and three sisters followed him, all of whom settled in Toronto. During the Mackenzie Rebellion his father and elder brothers were among the first to volunteer to support the loyal cause, the former being appointed captain of a city corps. Three of his brothers entered the legal profession, one entered the Civil Service and two besides himself became jewellers. Mr. Morphy has been established at 141 Yonge Street for over forty years; his family consists of five children, two sons and three daughters; the eldest son, Mr. J. Morphy, is now in partnership with the father under the style of Morphy, Sons & Co. The eldest daughter is married to Mr. E. J. Malone, of the firm of Edgar & Malone, barristers. The family have built over fifty first class houses in Toronto.

Hugh Angus Morrison, railway conductor, was born in Toronto in 1830, being the youngest in a family of three daughters and one son. His father was Hugh Morrison, who was born in Scotland in 1798, and who, after resigning his captaincy in the “Black Watch” Highland regiment, came to Canada in 1829 with Sir John Colborne. He was then a widower, with five children, his first wife, Mary Curran, having died in Scotland. The Honourable Justice Morrison is the eldest of his sons, by his first marriage; the others were Angus and Michael; the daughters were Betsey and Jeanette. After coming to Canada he married a daughter of Captain Alexander Montgomery, by whom he had four children. He first engaged in farming, and subsequently kept a hotel on Yonge Street. The subject of this sketch has been engaged on railways for twenty-four years. He began as baggage man and is now a conductor running between Toronto and London. In 1863 he married Sarah Jane Ferris, of Toronto.

Frederick M. Morson (of Bigelow & Morson, barristers) was born at Chamby, Quebec, and is the only son of Frederick Morson, M.D., of Niagara, Ontario, and a native of Rochester, Kent, England. In 1845, Mr. Morson, senior, came to Canada and settled in Montreal, where he practised his profession as M.D., removing in 1860 to Niagara, his present residence. F. M. Morson was educated at Niagara Grammar School, and graduated with honors at Trinity College, Toronto, in 1872. He was called to the bar in 1877, and in that year entered on the practice of his profession at Hamilton, and in 1878 in Toronto. In 1878, he married Miss Catherine Wyatt, eldest daughter of the late George Wyatt, Esq., of this city.

Alexander Muir was born in the Parish of Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire, Scotland. His father, John Muir, came to Canada in 1833, accompanied by his wife and two sons, Alexander and John, arriving at Toronto (then Little York), in the month of August of that year. Shortly after his arrival, he took up his residence in the Township of Scarboro’, where he lived till his death in 1865. Alexander is now a resident of Toronto, being Headmaster of one of the city public schools. His brother John is Treasurer of the Chicago Academy of Music.

Hector Munro, deceased, father of L. H. R. Munro, was born at Dornoch, Scotland, in 1796. He came to Canada in 1812 with the 49th Regiment, being a brother officer of Sir Allan McNab. He participated in the battles of Chrysler’s Farm, Queenston Heights, and Lundy’s Lane, and carried the colours at Chrysler’s Farm. After the war he retired on half-pay; and, when again placed on full pay, was stationed at St. John’s, Newfoundland, from which he removed to Toronto, having been transferred to the Royal Canadian Rifles. He subsequently filled the position of Collector of Customs at Galt, until 1854, when he died, leaving eight children. His son, George T. Munro, who had been retired as a captain on half-pay on the disbanding of the Royal Canadian Rifle Regiment with his wife and child and youngest sister were lost at sea on one of the Allan vessels, the Hazeldean, in 1870.

Richard H. R. Munro, barrister, was born in 1840 at St. John’s, Newfoundland, where his father Hector Munro, an officer in the Royal Newfoundland veteran companies, was stationed. He came to Toronto with his parents, and after having studied law in the office of the Hon. Edward Blake, graduated in 1867. He formed a partnership with Wm. Proudfoot of Hamilton, which continued until 1870. Mr. Munro married a daughter of James Barnum, of Grafton, Ontario.

John Murchison, deceased, was born in 1878 in Glengarry, whither his father, one of the U. E. Loyalists, fled from New York (he was a descendant of the Macdonalds of Glenco, Scotland). He went to Niagara when only thirteen years old; from thence he came to York in 1800 in a small boat, and started in business as a merchant tailor on King Street, where the Clyde Hotel now stands. In 1808 he was married in the old English Church to Frances E., daughter of Joseph Hunt, Commissary officer. He served in the War of 1812, in the York Volunteers, and was appointed sergeant-major; he was in the Battle of Queenston Heights, after which he was sent by the Governor with three of the prisoners from Niagara to Kingston in a small boat, having only two assistants. His eldest son John was among those who marched to quell the rebels at Montgomery’s Farm in 1837. He represented St. Lawrence Ward in the City Council; he was a Conservative and member of the Church of England. In 1838, he retired from business and lived in the present homestead which he built in 1836 on Cruickshank Lane, now Bathurst Street, being the only house on the street except Mr. Cruickshank’s farm-house. He died in 1870, leaving of nine children only three living viz.: Sarah, now aged 72, Charlotte, aged 68 and Richard Duncan, aged 62, who for several years was in business on Queen Street. The latter, at his father’s death, removed to the homestead where he is now living; he had been married twice, first in 1847, and second in 1861; he had seven children by his first wife, five of whom are living, and eight by the second, all living; of the first children, the three eldest are married in Toronto. In politics Mr. Murchison is a Conservative, and in religion a member of the Church of England.

James Murray was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1814. In early life he acquired the trade of a tinsmith, and on coming to Toronto in 1842, commenced a business which he conducted successfully until 1874. He subsequently purchased property on Alexander Street, where he now lives retired. He married Jane, daughter of Alexander Miller, by whom he has two sons who have succeeded him in the business still carried on at 224 Yonge Street. Mr. Murray is a member of the Carlton Street Methodist Church, and in politics sympathises with the Reform Party.

Edward J. Musson, of the firm of Mackenzie, Musson & Co., Toronto, was born at Weston, June 24, 1834. His father, Edward Musson, was born in London, England, and emigrated to Canada in 1820. He bought up land in the Township of Etobicoke near Weston, where he and his brother Thomas, engaged in farming, saw-mill and distillery business. In 1840 he removed to Islington and carried on farming, saw-milling and store-keeping, he creditably filled the offices of Township Clerk, Councillor and Reeve; he died in 1871. His wife was Ann, daughter of John Smart, whom he married in 1831, and by whom he had eight children. Edward J. Musson was educated at Islington, Toronto Academy and Upper Canada College. In 1853 he went to Brampton to learn store-keeping with the late Mr. Peleg Howland. From 1855 to 1863 he kept a store at Thistleton; after which he was farming and store-keeping at Weston. In 1875 he came to Toronto. He is married to a Miss Taylor. He is a Conservative, an Episcopalian, and a member of the York Pioneer Society.

William Musson, deceased, was born in London, England, in the year 1799. He came to Canada in the year 1820 with his wife (Mary Ann Wordley), father, mother, and two brothers (Thomas and Edward). The family settled at Weston, where the father died in the year 1832, aged eighty-seven years, and the mother in the year 1846, aged seventy-seven years. The father was a manufacturer of tin-plate in London, England, and a member of the “Goldbeaters’ Guild” of that city. William, the subject of our sketch, removed to Toronto (then Little York), and carried on the business of tin-plate manufacturer and importer of hardware until his death in 1844. He had twelve children, five of whom died in infancy, the others being Mary Ann, William, Henry, Isabella, James W. George, and Charles S. He was one of the founders of the Mechanics’ Institute, and Captain of the old Fire Brigade. He was also one of the first Directors of the British America Assurance Company. In politics he was a Baldwin Reformer. His wife, Mary Ann Wordley, died at Toronto in the year 1872, in the sixty-ninth year of her age.

George Musson, son of William and Mary Ann Musson, was born at 71 King Street East, on 3rd November, 1836. He was educated at the Toronto Academy and the Upper Canada College, and with the exception of two years (1867 to 1869), has always resided in Toronto. He married Agnes, third daughter of John Balfour. He was for many years with the well-known firm of Wakefield, Coate & Co., but since 1869 has been engaged in business on his own account. His firm, Musson & Morrow, 50 Front Street East, tea importers and commission merchants, doing a very large business, their principal connections being with China, Brazil and the West Indies. In 1883, Mr. Musson was appointed Vice-Consul for Brazil. In politics he is a Conservative.

George Musson, deceased, 37 Carlton Street, whose grandfather was a manufacturer of tin-plate in London, England, and came to Canada with his wife and sons (William, Thomas and Edward), in 1820. There was a daughter who married in England, and who came out a few years afterwards. The family settled on some land near Weston, where the father and mother died. The father of our subject had learned the tin-plating trade in England, and began business in that line in York soon after he came out; he continued it until 1844, when he died. He was connected with the old Fire Brigade, and was one of the founders of the Mechanics’ Institute. He was one of the first stock-holders in the British America Insurance Company.

Mungo Nasmith, tax collector for St. James’s Ward, residing at 16 Maitland Street, was born in Greenock, Scotland, and is a son of the late John Nasmith, who came to Canada in 1844 and for many years conducted a bakery in Toronto. Mungo early learned his father’s trade, and carried on business for himself at the corner of Yonge and Gerrard Streets from 1860 to 1872. Retiring from business on account of his health he received the appointment of collector for St. James’s Ward, a position he still retains. Following in the footsteps of his father, he early took an active part in temperance work, and was a charter member of the Cadets of Temperance when first introduced into Canada. For five years he held the position of Treasurer of the Grand Lodge of Good Templars; he was also one of the Vice-Presidents of the Dominion Alliance. At the organization of the World’s Good Templars he was appointed the Deputy of the R. W. G. T. Mallins, and is still an earnest total abstainer.

Richard Northcote, retired, was born in Devonshire, England, in 1804, and is now the only one living of a family of sixteen. His father was Henry Northcote, a farmer. In 1826, he came to Canada as a butler in the service of Sir John Colborne. After which he engaged in the grocery business on King Street, and subsequently in making ginger beer; he sold the latter business to the Hon. Robert Baldwin. After the Rebellion, he opened a grocery store on King Street, where Thompson & Son’s dry-goods house now is; by two fires which occurred while he was there he lost £2,000. He then commenced a wholesale pork business, which he continued until his retirement in 1849. In politics he is a Conservative, and in religion a member of the Church of England. He married a Miss Taylor, who also came out with Sir John Colborne. His son, Henry Northcote, a civil engineer, was born in York, November 4, 1833. He received his education at Upper Canada College. He married Julia, third daughter of Richard Hackin.

Thomas Northey, of the firm of Northey & Co., manufacturers of steam-pumps, was born in Cornwall, England, in 1816, being the eldest of a family of five sons and five daughters born to George and Mary (Black) Northey. About 1826, he came to Canada with his parents, who settled on Prince Edward Island, where they remained for six years. Then he went to Pittsburg, Pa., where he learned the trade of a mechanical engineer. In 1838, the term of his apprenticeship having expired, he returned to Canada, and after working ten years at Wellington Square and Simcoe located at Hamilton, where, until 1880, he was engaged in building stationary steam-engines and subsequently in making steam-pumps. In 1882, he removed to Toronto, where, at the corner of Front and Parliament Streets, the firm of which he is a member is doing a prosperous business. In 1876, he patented a steam-pump, which has proved a great success. In 1846, he married Matilda Williams, daughter of Mr. Williams, of Seneca township, who subsequently died. In 1856, he married Julia Henrietta Pell, daughter of J. E. Pell. Mr. Northey’s parents died in Hamilton; he has three brothers living, one in Melbourne, Australia, and two in Hamilton. He is a Conservative in politics.

Richard H. Oates, deceased, the founder of the “York Pioneers Society,” was the son of Captain Oates, a commander in the merchant service, trading between England and the West Indies. Shortly after his marriage, Captain Oates made a voyage to the West Indies. On the return voyage he was compelled to put into Belfast, instead of London, whither they were bound. This occurred on July the 27th, 1809, on which date Richard H. Oates was born. His early life was, if not romantic, at least very eventful. While accompanying his parents to Malta in his father’s vessel the America, and when Richard was scarce a year old, they were captured in the Mediterranean by a French privateer and carried as prisoners of war to Algiers. Fortunately, the British consul of that place happened to be an old school-mate of Captain Oates; and by visiting the prisoners relieved the monotony of their captivity until, by an exchange of prisoners, they regained their freedom. Captain Oates, being in the Commissariat Department, was ordered to Oporto, where his son Richard, then two years of age, was carried off and concealed for some weeks by a Portuguese nobleman, who had taken a fancy to him; he was found, however, in good health and spirits, and could prattle somewhat in Portuguese. In 1812 and 1813, he travelled with his father through France and Spain, and, in 1814, returned with him to England. Captain Oates was then ordered to Quebec; and while in Canada visited Little York, when his cousin, Miss Russell, sister of President Russell, prevailed upon him to return to England for his family and to settle in Canada, which he did in 1817. He afterwards became prominent in connection with the packet Richmond, which he built and sailed between Niagara and Toronto. As Richard Oates was but eight years of age when he came to Canada, he was sent to school to the late Dr. Strachan. He also attended school at Niagara, St. Catharines and Brockville, after which he returned to Toronto and served two years as an apprentice to the drug business. In 1828, he went to England, where he finished his studies for his profession. Returning to Toronto he opened a drug store; but finding it not as profitable as he could wish he invested his capital in a foundry with Christopher Elliot. He afterwards went into the mill-stone business and built a mill at Bradford, by which he lost $18,000. The mill-stone business occupied his attention until his death, which occurred on March 2, 1881. At the beginning of this sketch reference has been made to Mr. Oates as being the founder of the “York Pioneers Society.” It is to his efforts that the Society owes its existence. It was organized for the purpose of collecting and preserving relics and historical momentoes of old times. The membership was confined to those who had lived in Toronto before March 6, 1834, on which date Little York became Toronto; subsequently those descendants of pioneers who had reached forty years of age were admitted. The society has been a certain success, much of which is due to Mr. Oates. In politics Mr. Oates was a Conservative, and in religion a Unitarian. He was President of the United Canadian Association for five years, and in January, 1880, was elected to a seat in the City Council as Alderman for St. James’s Ward.

Daniel O’Brook, retired, was born on the corner of King and Church Streets in this city, September 15, 1825. His father, whose name was also Daniel, came out to Canada some years before 1800 with his father, who was a merchant in Norwich, England. The grandfather of our subject afterwards became a captain in the 41st Regiment, and fought at the battle of Queenston Heights. Daniel O’Brook, sen’r, married a daughter of John Playter, by whom he had three sons, George, John Edward and Daniel. He purchased a lot at the corner of King and Church Streets, and on it built a house. He died in 1872, aged eighty years. George O’Brook lives in Toronto, while John Edward resides in Chatham.

Dr. Oldright is descended from military ancestors. His grandfather was a burgher of the ancient German free city of Frankfort-on-the-Main. He having contracted a second marriage, his son left home and joined the British army, when Napoleon Bonaparte’s military genius was contributing to the overthrow of the ancient dynasties of Europe. The father of Dr. Oldright was born in London, England. His mother was Elizabeth Clucas, whose father was from the Isle of Man. Dr. Oldright’s father, when very young, joined His Majesty’s 81st Regiment of Foot, the Loyal Lincoln Volunteers. This corps, like other regiments of the line, has, in consequence of the extent of the British possessions, seen a great deal of foreign service. Major Oldright was forty-two years in the army, and travelled over a large portion of the globe. Soon after the great battle of Waterloo he served with his corps in the Army of Occupation in France, pending the complete restoration of peace and the return of the Bourbons. He afterwards accompanied his regiment to different stations in the West India Islands and British North America, besides having done duty in Great Britain, and in the Mediterranean and Ireland. He finally retired upon full pay with the rank of major. His son, Dr. William Oldright, was born at St. Kitt’s, West Indies, in 1842. During the early part of his life he accompanied his father to different countries with the regiment. In 1854, after his father’s retirement, he resided a short time in London, England, and in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and for a couple of years upon a small farm formerly belonging to the old warrior Brant, adjoining the old Mohawk Church near Brantford. He attended the Brantford High School until seventeen years of age, when he entered University College, and graduated at the University in modern languages in 1863, and in medicine in 1865. He began practice at Walkerton, Ontario, remaining two years; after which he returned to Toronto in 1867, where he has since been actively engaged in the practice of his profession. He became a member of the Medical Council, and in 1869, when he retired from that body, became Lecturer on Sanitary Science in the Toronto School of Medicine. In 1873 he was elected a member of the Senate of the Toronto University. In 1882 he was appointed Chairman of the Provincial Board of Health. His term of office as Chairman expired in April, 1884, when he was re-appointed a member of the Board. In 1865 he married Sarah Ellen, daughter of Charles Durand, Esq., of this city.

William T. O’Reilly, M.D., was born at Niagara Falls in 1834, being the eldest in a family of two sons and one daughter. His father was William O’Reilly, the youngest son of a family of six sons and five daughters, and was born in the same place and the same house as his son. In the year 1800, he married a daughter of Stiles Stevens, a U. E. Loyalist, who came to Canada from Boston; by her he had two sons and one daughter, viz.: William T., Helen and Hamilton; he died in Oakville in 1846. The grandfather of our subject, John O’Reilly, came from Baltrasna, in the County of Cavan, Ireland, in 1745, to Philadelphia, where he became the President of the University of Pennsylvania. In 1786 he came to Canada and settled at Niagara Falls, where as a U. E. Loyalist he drew land for himself and sons, and where he died in 1815. He and five of his sons, served during the War of 1812, and fought at Queenston Heights and Lundy’s Lane. Dr. O’Reilly attended Upper Canada College in 1847-8-9, and graduated in medicine in 1856. He then practised in St. Mary’s for a short time, but returned to Toronto in 1859, and now occupies the position of Inspector of Prisons and Public Charities for the Province of Ontario.

Peter Paterson, hardware merchant, was born in Toronto, May 30, 1834. His parents were David and Sarah (Bishop) Paterson. His grandfather, Peter Paterson, came to Canada from Blantyre, Scotland, in 1819, with his sons David, John, and Peter. He settled at once in Toronto, and started in the hardware business the same year in the old Market Square, which he continued, with his son David as partner, until his death in 1846. David continued the business until 1856, when he died, and was succeeded by his sons Peter and John. Peter, since his brother John’s death in 1880, has carried on the business alone. In 1861 he was married to Jane W., eldest daughter of David Paterson, of St. John, N.B.

R. G. A. Paton, cashier in the Toronto Custom House, was born at St. Andrews, Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1830. His father, Alexander Paton, died in Scotland; his mother was Violet Wilson. In 1833 his mother came to Canada with her family, Jessie, Elizabeth, William and Robert. William died in 1845. His mother died in 1872, aged eighty-two years. R. G. A. Paton was educated in Toronto, at what was called the York Academy, kept by Mr. James Hodgson. He was on the British Colonist newspaper for ten years. For the last thirty years he has been in the Custom House. In religion Mr. Paton is a Presbyterian.

John Patrick, Superintendent Water Works, Parkdale, is a native of Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, being the second son of George Patrick, a baker of that town, who married Jane Laidlaw. In 1868 John Patrick came to Toronto, and was employed at the Soho Foundry as foreman, and at the time the Water Works were established in Parkdale, took charge as Superintendent.

Alexander Patterson was born in Belfast, Ireland in 1834, and in 1849 emigrated to Canada, and was engaged in lumbering until 1855. He then went to Oakville, and engaged in the grocery and dry goods business, which he conducted for two years, afterwards continuing the grocery business in Toronto. He remained at 295 Yonge Street about twenty-two years, and then retired from business in 1879, since living in retirement. In 1857 he married Miss Charlotte Hazelhurst, a daughter of Benjamin Hazelhurst of Peterboro’, the issue of the union being one son and two daughters, all of whom reside in the city.

John Patterson, retired, was born in Belfast, Ireland, and came to Toronto with his parents when only two years of age. In his youth he learned the trade of printer, which occupation he followed for twenty-five years. In 1875 he took possession of the hotel at the corner of Agnes and Elizabeth Streets, which he conducted with success for a period of seven years, selling out to Mr. Taylor, the present proprietor, in 1882. He is a retired Captain of the 10th Royals, having joined at the time of the Fenian Raid.

Thomas Patterson, retired, was born in Ireland in 1834; and at the age of twenty he emigrated to Canada and took up his residence in Toronto. On his arrival he joined the city police force, in which he remained four years. He then entered the service of the Grand Trunk Railway, and was stationed at Belleville in the capacity of policeman. On his return to Toronto some time afterwards, he again joined the city police, but subsequently returned to the employment of the Grand Trunk, and was stationed at the Union Station, where he continued until 1861. About this time he engaged in the grocery and liquor business at 230 Queen Street East, but stayed only a short time, opening a hotel and feed store on the corner of Queen and Ontario Streets. He continued this business until 1879, and then built the Prospect House, 266 Queen Street East, since which time he has lived retired at No. 81 Ontario Street. In 1859 Mr. Patterson married Miss Jane Byers, of Toronto, by whom he has three children living; she died in 1873. He was married a second time, his wife being Miss Beatty of Toronto, by whom he has one daughter living.

Benjamin Pearsall, silversmith, is the son of Samuel and Amelia (Lewis) Pearsall, who came to Canada from Bristol, England, in 1800, and located in Little York, where they took a house on Duke Street. His father, who was a blacksmith and engineer by trade, was one of the first blacksmiths in the town. For two years he was employed by the Corporation as an engineer. He met his death by drowning in 1853, with his two sons named Louis Haliburton and Leurx, while the three were returning from a shooting excursion to the Island. He left three sons and three daughters. Benjamin Pearsall was born in 1847, in a house on King Street, east of Parliament Street. He married Isabella, third daughter of Frank Woods, of this city. His first wife dying he married Henrietta, daughter of John Smith, of Toronto.

George Pearsall, locksmith, son of Samuel and Amelia Pearsall, was born in Toronto in 1840. He learned his trade with J. J. Taylor & Co., and began business for himself at 417 Yonge Street, repairing locks and filing saws, in February, 1871, and is now carrying on the hardware business in connection with the jobbing department. He married Isabella Maysonholder, of German extraction, who was born in the Province of Quebec.

Elihu Pease, deceased. The Pease family are of English origin, their name having been common in England for the past three hundred years. A work published there as early as 1472, mentions the name of John Pease, L.L.D.; persons of this name were found in all ranks of society, ministers, bankers, members of Parliament, etc. An English historian ascribes to them a German origin, and by a coat of arms we find the English Pease in Germany as early as A.D. 971. The great-grandfather of our subject, Samuel Pease, was born at Enfield, Conn., his ancestors having emigrated to America from Ipswich, England, with the Puritans, in the ship Francis, which landed at Boston, April, 1634, from which place they subsequently removed to Enfield, Conn., where our subject was born, June 29, 1781. He was educated for a civil engineer and land surveyor. In 1810 he came to York County, and settled at Thornhill, where he soon after began teaching school in a log building erected in 1811, which is still standing, it being the first school-house in the County of York. During the War of 1812, all aliens were compelled to take the oath of allegiance or leave the country, hence Mr. Pease returned to Buffalo, where he served in the Post-office and Custom House until the war closed, after which he returned to York, and assisted in re-building the old garrison. He later followed school teaching at Newtonbrook until 1821, when he returned to Buffalo, and he was employed as manager in a tannery for the late Jesse Ketchum for a period of two years. He then returned to York and located opposite the Golden Lion Hotel, Yonge Street, and took the oath of allegiance. He purchased fifteen acres of land and erected a tannery which he conducted until his death in 1854. In 1820 he married Catharine, daughter of Jacob Cummer (a pioneer of York who emigrated from Reading, Penn.), by whom he left four children. Edward, the second child of Elihu Pease, was born at York, September 15, 1824, and entered his father’s tannery at the age of fifteen, remaining until 1847, afterwards removing to the Township of King, where he purchased fifteen acres of land on lot 6, concession 5. A year later he erected the second tannery in the Township of King, which he conducted eight years, and then returned to Lansing, and lived on the old home where he was eight years farming. He subsequently went to Aurora, where he was again engaged in the tanning business for sixteen years. He came to Toronto in 1880, and is at present located at 25 Front Street East, where he and his two sons are engaged as leather merchants. While Mr. Edward Pease was a resident of the Township of King he sat three years in Township Council, also three years in the Town Council of Aurora. In politics he is a Reformer; in religion a member of the Methodist Church. In 1846 he married Sarah, eldest daughter of Samuel Castle, from Herkimer County, N.Y., who had settled in the Township of Vaughan; by whom he has four sons and three daughters. Two of his sons, Joseph and Elihu are engaged with him in business.

R. W. Phipps, son of Thomas Phipps, jun’r, whose father settled in Toronto in 1817, is a gentleman well-known throughout the Dominion as a writer on Political Economy and other subjects. His writings in favour of the National Policy were largely circulated by the Conservative Party prior to the election of 1878, and aided in determining the result of that contest. He however left the party on the ground that the old Cabinet should not have been brought into power without an inter-mixture of the men who had been associated with the new ideas which had gained them the victory. In Provincial matters Mr. Phipps has been a supporter of the Mowat Administration. He is now employed by the Ontario Government on the subject of forest preservation, his first report on which has been received with remarkable favour by the Canadian and American press, and has attracted attention in Great Britain. Mr. Phipps’s writings in prose and poetry have been contributed principally to newspapers, magazines and pamphlets.

Thomas Phipps, deceased, one of the early settlers of Little York, emigrated to Canada from London, England, in 1817. For some years he cultivated a farm a few miles north of Toronto; but, having been a merchant in England and unused to such a rough life, he took no active part in clearing the land. He did not succeed as a farmer, and went back to England; but, again returning to Canada, died here. He was twice married, having by his first marriage one son, Thomas, who died in 1859. By his second marriage he had four sons and several daughters. Of the sons, the eldest, William, a well-known banker and broker, died a few years ago; the other sons, Frederick, George and John, are still living, the two last being citizens of Toronto.

William Pickard is a native of Beverly, Yorkshire, England, and was born in 1827. He came to Canada in 1856, locating in Toronto, where he has resided ever since. He was by trade a cooper, which occupation he followed for some three years, after which he engaged in the milk business, from which he retired in 1883. Mr. Pickard commenced with but one cow, and his success may be noted from the fact that on giving up business he had twenty-five head of cattle. In 1856 he married Miss Isabella Tait, of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, by whom he has two sons and two daughters, three of whom are living in this city, and one in Chicago.

Noah L. Piper, deceased, was born in Berlin, Connecticut, U. S., in 1815. His father, Luther Piper, was of English extraction, and was a cooper by trade. In 1831 he and his eldest brother, Hiram, came to Canada and settled in Little York. He spent five years in learning the tinsmith trade with his brother, and was afterwards manager of the business. Eight years later he entered into partnership with his brother and continued business with him until 1863, when he formed a partnership in the house-furnishing business with his son, Edward. He retired from business in 1875, and died 12th January, 1884. His brother, Hiram, was born in 1805, and died in 1866. On January 3, 1838, Noah L. Piper married Sarah, second daughter of Robert Spencer, by whom he had three sons, Henry, Edward and Hiram, and one daughter Emeline Elizabeth, who married M. A. Thomas, of this city. In politics he was a Conservative, and in religion a Unitarian. Edward Piper, second son of Noah L. Piper, was born in Toronto in 1842. In 1875 he succeeded to his father’s business which he still carries on. In 1866 he married Elizabeth Morgan, daughter of John Morgan, of Scarboro’.

John Platt was born in the County of Armagh, Ireland, in 1815, and came to Canada with his father, Richard Platt, in 1827. He spent several years in hotel keeping, his first venture being on Colborne Street. After remaining here about five years, he built a hotel on Jarvis Street, which was burnt down on the 7th of April, 1849, at the time of the destruction of old St. James’s Cathedral, the Market, City Hall and other buildings. He rebuilt, and successfully conducted, a hotel until 1864, when he retired. He has accumulated a large amount of city property, owning three hotels, fifty acres in Leslieville, twelve near High Park, and five at the mouth of the Humber. In addition, he holds many stores and dwelling-houses throughout the city. In 1841 he married Elizabeth Carter, by whom he had eleven children, six of whom are still living. He now resides at 33 Wilton Avenue.

Samuel Platt, M.P., was born in the north of Ireland, in 1812, being the fourth son of Richard Platt. He passed his early days upon his father’s farm. In 1827 the family emigrated to Canada and settled temporarily at Kingston, where the Government was engaged in building a roadway from the mainland to the New Fort. Here Richard Platt secured employment for himself and son. In 1829 his father removed to Toronto, and located on King Street, near the Market, where he rented a house from John Baldwin. He soon after died. His wife survived him only a few years, when the family was broken up. Our subject was early thrown upon his own resources, and the first winter he spent chopping cord-wood on what is now known as Sherbourne Street (then covered with a good growth of basswood and other timber). He was to receive three York shillings per cord; but, after working some time and his employer failing to pay him, he abandoned the business and entered the employment of Enoch Turner, whose brewery was then upon the present site of the gas works, as a clerk. With Mr. Turner he served four years, at the expiration of which time he erected a distillery upon the same site; the distillery was conducted by Mr. Platt in connection with the brewery for fourteen years, when he retired. In 1837 Mr. Platt married the only daughter of Mr. George Lockett, of Staffordshire, England. During the Rebellion of 1837, he was a volunteer in Colonel Ridout’s Company, and had charge of two companies of Militia. He sat in the City Council for St. Lawrence Ward for eight years, and for St. David’s Ward for two years. When the City Water Works were being constructed he was chosen commissioner, with Hon. George Allan, to superintend the erection. During the political contest of 1873 Mr. Platt was nominated by the Conservative Party to represent East Toronto in the Dominion House; he was elected and sat for five years, at the expiration of which time he was returned by a handsome majority for the House of Commons. In 1850 he was commissioned a magistrate for the County of York. For the last ten years he has been a director of the Western Canada Loan Co., and also of the Gas Company. He is now living a quiet, retired life, a portion of his time being spent in travelling with his wife through the different countries of Europe.

James W. Potter is a native of Thetford, England. When sixteen years of age he entered the University of Cambridge (being the youngest but one who gained admittance that year), and graduated with a B.A. degree. On leaving college he enlisted in the British Army, and served in the Crimea; after which he received an appointment as Inspector of Artillery Stores. Subsequently he entered the police force, in which he remained five years, and resigning his position in 1868, he came to Canada and was employed on the Ottawa Railway as baggage-master. In 1870 he came to Toronto, and was appointed inspector and foreman of the Board of Health, which office he filled for seven years. Mr. Potter is now a reporter on the Mail staff for the eastern part of the city. He was two years on the School Board, and was elected during the present year to represent the new Ward of St. Matthew’s.

James Price, who has been a resident of Toronto for many years, was born at Hampstead, Middlesex, England, on March 13, 1810. He left his home, June 1, 1832, and came to Canada, arriving at Peterboro, September 1 of the same year; after remaining a little over a year, he came to Toronto, and, while there, engaged with W. H. Patterson, of Streetsville, with whom he served as clerk in the store till the spring of 1834, when he again went to Peterboro’, and worked at his trade as bricklayer and builder. In 1837 he was engaged on the Lock Works at Crooks Rapids, from whence he came back to Toronto, in July, 1838. He was married on January 8, 1839. His eldest son, Mr. James Price, jun’r, is manager of the Queen Street Branch of the Dominion Bank. Mr. Price, sen’r, afterwards engaged in contracting for himself. He built the Commercial Bank, a wholesale warehouse for the Hon. Wm. McMaster, and one for Mr. McMurrich. Mr. Price then worked for the Government, and was clerk of the works in the erection of many buildings, among which may be mentioned a portion of Upper Canada College, Normal School and the New Garrison, the whole of the New Jail and the Deaf and Dumb Institute at Belleville. He represented St. James’s Ward in the City Council, and was a member of the old fire brigade, No. 3. He was School Trustee for two years for St. Patrick’s Ward. He has been for many years employed by the Corporation as assessor and inspector of works, and, in connection with Mr. John Harper, made the valuation of all the city property upon which the Council borrowed money from England, Mr. Price has been a resident of St. John’s Ward for over thirty years, and still continues to reside there.

Joseph Price, deceased, was born in Hertfordshire, England, in 1790, and came to Canada at the close of the war in 1814. When he first came to America he settled in the State of New York, and while there engaged in the iron and brass trade. He was a U. E. Loyalist, and, on arriving in Canada, settled first in the Township of Toronto, where he purchased a farm. He afterwards removed to York Township, where he resided ten years, then moved to Toronto. A few years later he purchased two hundred acres of the Elmsley Estate, lot 18, east of Yonge Street, and erected a saw-mill on the creek which still bears his name. He engaged in the lumber trade for twenty years until his death in 1846. He left two sons and one daughter; the latter is still living. He was a member of the Freemason body, and also belonged to the St. George’s Society. He was Captain in the First Militia of York, and took an active part in the Rebellion of 1837; he was a strong Conservative and a follower of the English Church. Mr. Price married Maria, daughter of Thomas Kimberly, who died in 1849.

Captain John Quinn was born in St. Andaire, Spain, June 2, 1815, his father being a soldier in the British Army, which was then fighting in the Peninsular War. In 1832 his father, with his family, came to Canada and took up land in the Township of Emily, Victoria County; he died the same year. At the death of his father, which occurred so shortly after his arrival in Canada, the subject of this sketch sold the farm and accepted the life of a lake mariner. He began on the steamer Great Britain, which used to make eight-day trips around the lake, calling at Canadian and American ports. After four years he became bartender in a hotel in Toronto, and then went back to the Great Britain as steward. In 1835 he worked on the Iroquois, the first steamer that went down the Rapids. Among other boats that he worked on were the United Kingdom, Burlington, Britannia, Transit, City of Toronto, Eclipse, West, Maple Leaf and Peerless. In 1853 he built, and ran between the Island and the city, a ferry boat called the Citizen. He served during the Rebellion. In 1838 he married a daughter of John Hesson.

William Rawlin, retired, 54 Elm Street, was born January 24, 1812, in Kirbygrindle, Yorkshire, England, being the second eldest in a family of four sons and four daughters. His father was William Rawlin, and his mother a daughter of John Harper. He came to Canada in 1832, and worked on a farm near Woodstock until 1837, when he came to Toronto and commenced teaming for Charles Cooper, with whom he lived for nine years. For six years he was hostler at the Green Heifer, a hotel kept by Henry Fuljames, at the corner of Queen and Yonge Streets. In 1859 he went to England, and on his return took the contracts for the street crossings. In 1852 Mr. Rawlin married Mary Ann Clayton, who is of English descent. He has no children. He is a Reformer in politics, and in religion is a Methodist. He is also a member of the St. George’s Society.

D. B. Read, Q.C., was born on the 13th of June, 1823, in the Township of Augusta, a short distance from Brockville; his grandfather Read was a U. E. Loyalist, and drew land as such; he came to Canada from Connecticut. D. B. Read’s father was John Landon Read, who served in the War of 1812. Mr. Read’s maternal grandfather was David Breakenridge, also a U. E. Loyalist, and an officer in the British Colonial Army during the American Revolution. Mr. Breakenridge resided below Brockville on the St. Lawrence, near Maitland, and was for some time Chairman of the Quarter Sessions at Brockville. The subject of this sketch was in his early youth a pupil of Mr. Elms, a well-known district school teacher of that day, noted as well for his learning as for his school teaching. Mr. Read went to Upper Canada College in 1836 to finish his education; he passed through all the forms in the College, and then entered the law office of the Hon. George Sherwood, at Brockville; in 1842 he removed to Belleville, and entered the law office of the Hon. John Ross; and in 1845 he removed to Toronto, where he completed his studies with John Crawford, afterwards Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario. Mr. Read was called to the Bar in 1845; elected a Bencher of the Law Society in 1855; was created a Queen’s Counsel in 1858; made Mayor of Toronto in 1858; and Commissioner for consolidating the Statutes of Upper Canada. Mr. Read has practised his profession in Toronto from his first entry to the Bar down to the present time.

DAVID REESOR.

Hon. David Reesor is the descendant of a German family, his great grandfather, Christian Reesor, a Mennonite Minister, emigrated from Mannheim to Pennsylvania about 1737, having under his charge a small colony, and settled in Lancaster County, where some of the family still reside, the original homestead, a splendid farm of three hundred acres, being in their hands. The first settlement of this family in the Township of Markham took place as early in its history as 1801, when the grandfather of our subject, Christian Reesor, jun’r, his father, Abraham Reesor, together with three uncles, located in that section of the country. Here David Reesor was born on the 18th January, 1823. His mother was Anna Dettiwiler, who was also from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania; she died in Markham in 1857, the father having died many years before, in 1832. The early education of Senator Reesor was only that obtained from the common schools; but, previous to being put to any business, he received three years private training under a competent instructor with beneficial results. His father’s farm was the first stage on which he enacted his part in the drama of life, thence from agricultural pursuits he went to those of merchant and manufacturer, conducting business in the last named branches for five years. In 1856 he published the first copy of the Markham Economist, a journal of strong Reform proclivities, which he edited and conducted with considerable skill for several years, selling out about 1868. He has been a Magistrate since 1848; a Notary Public since 1862, and for a long time was Secretary-Treasurer of the Markham Agricultural Society. When York, Ontario and Peel were united in 1850, he became a member of the County Council, and served several years, being Warden in 1860. His career as a school trustee will not soon be forgotten, as it was upon his motion that Markham secured a Grammar School. He has long been connected with the Militia, and has held the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel of the Reserve since 1866. He was appointed Returning-officer for the East Riding of York, July, 1854. In the more extensive region of politics, Senator Reesor has not been less true to his principles, or less active as a general advocate of measures that tend to the public good, than when in the limited sphere of Township Councillor he supported and directed local improvements. He represented Kings Division in the Legislative Council of Canada, from 1860 until the Confederation of the Provinces, when he was called to the Senate by Royal Proclamation, October 23, 1867. At the time when the Confederation measure was under discussion in the Legislative Council he moved a resolution, which had it been passed would have made the office of Senator elective; it was however defeated on a division. He is a Liberal in politics. Our subject is a member of the Methodist Church, and every good cause obtains from him a hearty and willing support; he was for many years President of the Markham Bible Society. In February, 1848, he married Emily, eldest daughter of Daniel McDougall, Esq., of St. Mary’s, Ontario, and sister of the Hon. William McDougall, C.B., M.P.; they have five children, four daughters and one son, two of the former being married. Marion Augusta, the eldest daughter, is the wife of Dr. Colburn of Oshawa, and Jessie Adelaide is the wife of John Holmes of Toronto. The Senator’s residence is at Rosedale, North Toronto, where he has lived since 1876, enjoying that retirement which has been well earned by a long official career. He is highly esteemed by the many friends he has made, both in public and private life, all of whom trust that for years to come he may be spared to remain in our midst.

William Reid was born in the County of Tyrone, Ireland, in 1844, being the youngest of nine children born to Samuel and Sarah (Lackie) Reid. He came to Canada in 1847 with his parents, who located on the lot where Mr. Reid now resides, 147 Elizabeth Street, Toronto. In 1882 he entered the Toronto Custom House, where he is employed in the examining warehouse. In 1865 he married Margaret, second daughter of James Spence, an old resident of Toronto, by whom he has seven children, four sons and three daughters.

William Reynolds, Yorkville. In the biography of Mr. John Smith, of Toronto, which has a place in these pages, allusion is made to William Peak, the first white settler of York County, Ontario. The subject of this sketch is the grandson of William Peak on the maternal side, and can therefore claim hereditary descent from the original founders of York. His grandfather, on his father’s side, was W. H. Reynolds, who was from the North of Ireland. He emigrated to Canada in 1795 and settled in the 9th concession of Markham Township, York County, where he lived until his death at the age of ninety-seven years. He left a family of four children besides the father of our subject. The latter married a daughter of William Peak. Mr. Peak received from Governor Simcoe, for services rendered, two hundred acres of land at Duffin’s Creek. William Reynolds was born in Toronto, March 9, 1818, and, when he was seven years of age, his parents went to reside at Niagara, and after staying there three years removed to St. Catharines. They subsequently returned to Little York, where William has since remained. Mr. Reynolds may be classed amongst the oldest residents of the city, and few events in connection with its history have escaped his recollection.

Dr. Richardson, Professor of Anatomy at the Toronto School of Medicine. His grandfather served in the British Navy under Lord Rodney, and came to Canada in 1785, when he received an appointment in the Canadian Marine. Dr. Richardson’s father was James Richardson, who was born January 29, 1791. He married Rebecca, second daughter of John Dennis, a U.E. Loyalist who came to Canada from Philadelphia, where the family owned considerable property. The subject of this sketch began his studies in 1841, in Rochester, N.Y., with Dr. Rolph, remaining there two years. In 1844 he went to England, where he studied for three years in Guy’s Hospital, London, and about a year in Bristol. He then returned to Canada and took his diploma. He afterwards was appointed Professor of Practical Anatomy at Kingston College, which position he maintained until the abolition of the Medical Faculty in 1853. He then practised his profession until his acceptance of his present position in the Toronto School of Medicine.

John Knight Riddall, M.D., now practising at Parkdale, in the City of Toronto, is the eldest son of the late John Riddall, M.D., L.R.C.S., Edinburgh; M.D. University College, L.S.A.I., and nephew of Dr. Alexander Knight, Medical Inspector-General, P.L.B., Ireland. The subject of this memoir was born at Clones, County Monaghan, Ireland, on the 31st October, 1837, and after passing his matriculation examination, was apprenticed to the celebrated Dr. Wyse of Dublin, and at a very early age entered upon the arduous studies of his profession under the able tuition of Professor Graves, Sir W. W. Wylde, Sir Philip Crampton, Sir H. Marsh, William Stokes, Sir D. Corrigan; all eminent physicians and surgeons of the day. The Crimean War breaking out, Dr. Riddall having placed his name for service abroad, was drafted twice, the last time accepting. He was attached to the Army Hospital Corps, on active service in the East, and did duty both at Scutari and Balaclava in 1855, and was present at the evacuation of Sebastapol, seeing much active service, at the age of eighteen. On his return from the East he completed his studies, becoming a Licentiate of the Apothecaries’ Hall, Dublin, in 1854, and Licentiate in Surgery and Midwifery, Dublin, in 1857. Owing to exposure and hard work, he was, for many months, laid up with inflammatory rheumatism, which, by the advice of his medical confrères, necessitated his removal to Canada, where he obtained the degree of M.D., Victoria College, in 1864, and was appointed Coroner for the Counties of Peel and Simcoe. He married Margaret, second daughter of the late Joseph Griffith, Esq., Weston, Ontario. In 1863, the period of the Trent affair, he raised the Caledon Infantry Company, of which he was Captain, doing duty throughout the Campaign of 1866. He was appointed to the Surgeoncy of the 36th Regiment of Peel Infantry in 1867, which post he still retains, and did duty with his regiment at Toronto in camp, during Toronto’s Semi-Centennial Celebration.

G. P. RIDOUT.     JOS. D. RIDOUT.

The Ridout Family. The first mention made of this family is from “Hutchin’s Visitation of Somerset,” England, in the College of Arms, London, where a Coat of Arms was granted in 1531 to Thomas Ridout, of the Parish of Hensbridge, in Somerset. The Ridouts have been principally located in Blandford and Sherborne, Dorset, England, after which Sherbourne Street (should be Sherborne), Toronto, was named by the Honourable Thomas Ridout, the Surveyor-General, in commemoration of his birthplace. The first mention by Hutchin of the family residing in Bristol, is the marriage, in 1674, of Susannah, daughter and heiress of John Ridout, of Bristol, to Thomas Strangways of Melbury, County of Dorset, whose grand-daughter (Elizabeth), married Stephen Fox who was created Earl of Ilchester in 1741. George Ridout, the father of our subjects, and his wife Mary Ann (Wright) Ridout settled in York in 1826, having come out from England in 1820, to the United States. After residing in Philadelphia a short time, upon the recommendation of his uncle, the Honourable Thomas Ridout (Surveyor-General of Upper Canada), he removed his family to Toronto, with the exception of the eldest sons (George Perceval and Joseph D.) who remained at New York and Philadelphia. He subsequently received a Government appointment which he held until the time of his death, September 3, 1835; his wife dying October 3 of the same year. George Ridout was born at Bristol, England, on the 22nd of February, 1783; his father Nicodemus Ridout, being an elder brother of the Honourable Thomas Ridout (the Surveyor-General of Upper Canada.) The two elder sons, George Perceval and Joseph D., of the above mentioned George Ridout, have been for the last fifty years intimately connected with the history of Toronto. George Perceval Ridout was born at Bristol, England, August 21, 1807. He came to America with his father in 1820 and resided in Philadelphia and New York, where he formed a partnership with his brother and the Messrs. Tarratt, of Wolverhampton, England, in the hardware business in 1832 which he continued in until 1866, when he severed his connection with the firm, his brother continuing to carry on the business. During the Rebellion of 1837, Mr. George Perceval Ridout took an active part and was Captain of the 7th Battalion of the Regiment of York Volunteers, from which he retired some years later with the rank of Colonel. He represented Toronto in the Dominion Parliament in 1851-2-3, and was also requested to stand for Toronto in the election of 1844, but fearing a defeat to the Conservative cause, on account of more than two of the party being in the field, he retired, notwithstanding he was first nominated, for which action he received the personal thanks of Sir P. Metcalfe, Governor-General of Canada, as will be seen by the following:

George Perceval Ridout was one of the original founders and President, for the years 1850-1 of the Toronto Board of Trade, and President of St. George’s Society, 1845-6-7; was Governor of the British American Assurance Company from the 2nd August, 1853, until the time of his death which occurred on June 28, 1873. He was never married. Joseph D. Ridout the second son, was born at Bristol, England, 9th of June, 1809, and came to America with his parents in 1820. His first start in business was in the New York branch of the Messrs. Tarratt, of Wolverhampton, England, from which place he was shortly afterwards sent to Boston, to open a branch for the same firm. At this time he was only nineteen years of age, and the confidence placed in him by his employers, who at that time were one of the leading iron firms of England, was only the forerunner of the trust and confidence placed in him during the rest of his business career. He came to Little York in 1831, and one year later entered into partnership with his brother and the Messrs. Tarratt. After his brother’s retirement he took into the partnership James Aikenhead and Alexander Crombie. Both of these gentlemen had been connected with the firm for many years. Joseph D. Ridout retired from the firm in 1876, leaving the business in the hands of the present firm, Messrs. Aikenhead & Crombie, in whom he has always had the greatest confidence. Joseph D. Ridout was one of the founders of the Toronto Board of Trade, which was established in 1834 in Toronto. He was one of the founders of the St. George’s Society and was four times honoured with the Presidency (1851-2-3-4). He was the Vice-President of the Farmers’ and Mechanics’ Building Society, which successfully closed its business in 1853, and from which originated the present Canada Permanent Loan and Savings Company, of which he was President from its organization, until January, 1884, when he resigned on account of failing health. His skilful management and constant, laborious supervision helped materially in bringing that great financial institution to the high point of credit and prosperity which it now enjoys, it being one of the foremost institutions of the kind in America. He was also for some time Grand Master of the Independent Order of Oddfellows, and was one of the original founders, and President for some time, of the Mechanics’ Institute. He was an officer in the East York Militia from 1833 until it was disbanded under new legislation in 1867, when he retired with the rank of Major. He was in active service during the Rebellion of 1837 and 1838. He was twice married, first to Julia Elizabeth Gold (widow), sister of Mrs. F. W. Cumberland and the late Mrs. T. G. Ridout; and secondly to Caroline Cumberland, sister of the late Colonel F. W. Cumberland, by whom he had two sons, Perceval F. and Walter, both residents of Toronto. Mr. Joseph D. Ridout died on the 4th of June, 1884.

Riggs & Ivory, dentists, South-east corner of King and Yonge Streets, established themselves on Queen Street West in 1882, from which place they moved to their present rooms in the early part of 1885, and are now doing an extensive practice in plate-work, gold-filling, and extensive use of anæsthetics, including vitalized air specialities. The establishment is large, light, commodious, handsomely furnished, and situated on the most prominent corner in the city.

Isaac Robinson, retired, was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1809. His father was John Robinson, who had three daughters and two sons; Isaac being the eldest of the family. He learned the tailoring trade in England, and came to Canada in 1831. He worked in Little York for William Lawson, a tailor, until 1833, when he commenced business for himself on Yonge Street. In about two years he removed to King Street near Yonge, where he remained two years. His next location was further east on King Street; he was there for eleven years. Then he bought a farm four miles out of town on Yonge Street, and resided there for fifteen years, when he returned to the city to live. At the time of the Rebellion he was taken prisoner by Dr. Rolph. He is a Methodist and a Conservative. In September, 1882, he married Ruth Walker, who is still living. By his marriage he had the following children, viz.: Mary Ann, died in infancy; Margaret, married E. Snider, and living in Manitoba; Mary Jane, married Rev. W. Hunter; Sarah Ann, married Irving Walker; Eliza, married B. Fitch; Edgerton W., living in London; Clara, married Rev. W. J. Joliffe; Hannah, dead; and Amelia.

Robert Hunter Robinson, M.D., was born in West Gwillimbury, Simcoe County, being the youngest son of Gilbert Robinson, Esq., J.P., who was born in 1807, and emigrated from King’s County, Ireland, in 1829. His mother came from County Antrim, Ireland, in 1834. Dr. Robinson is one of a family of seven children. He received his preliminary education in Bradford High School, afterwards attending the Toronto School of Medicine, and graduated at Toronto University in 1873, and in 1874 as M.C.P.S.O. In 1872 Dr. Robinson was assistant-physician at the Toronto General Hospital, and to the Small-pox Hospital in 1873. He married on May 20, 1874, Nellie Van Allen, a native of Detroit. There is no issue. Dr. Robinson is a Conservative in politics, and in religion a member of the Methodist Church. Gilbert Robinson, J.P., the father of Dr. Robinson, may be classed as among the first settlers of the Township of West Gwillimbury. He came to this country in 1829, and arrived at Little York, now Toronto, from which place he walked next day to West Gwillimbury, where his father, William Robinson, then lived, whose house was at that time the only one on the Penetanguishene Road. William Robinson married a daughter of the Rev. John Connell, an Episcopal Minister of King’s County, Ireland; he was a brother to the late Captain Gilbert Robinson of the 4th Battalion, Royal Artillery, Woolwich, England. Gilbert Robinson and his wife are still living, and have recently celebrated their golden wedding, surrounded by their family and friends.

Thomas Robinson, deceased, was born in Yorkshire, England, 1815, and came to Toronto in 1830. He married Ann, the eldest daughter of William Jackson, who had settled in Toronto in 1831. His wife attended the Central School which was taught at one time by Bishop Strachan. During the Cholera of 1832 Mr. Robinson attended the death-beds of several neighbours. Mr. Robinson continued the tailoring business after his father-in-law removed to Eglinton. In 1850 he was burnt out by the great fire, after which he opened a temporary shop on Yonge Street, opposite Edward Street, until he rebuilt on the old site 127 Yonge Street, and carried on business there until 1871, when he retired and built 616 Yonge Street, to which place he removed. He died in 1877.

Samuel Rogers, deceased, was born in Coleraine, Ireland, in 1809, being the sixth of a family of eight children. His parents were William and Mary (Rodden) Rogers. In 1830 he came to Canada with John Duncan, with whom he had learned his trade. In 1831 he opened a shop on the north-east corner of King and Bay Streets, and in 1838 he removed to his late premises, which he bought. Mr. Rogers was a member of the old fire brigade, and represented St. Andrew’s Ward in the City Council for one year. He was a Reformer in politics, and in religion a member of the Methodist Church. In 1833 he married Elizabeth Knott. He died 7th October, 1884.

William Romain was born in Quebec, July 15, 1818, and is one of a family of eight children born of Pére and Elizabeth (McDonald) Romain. His father was born in Quebec in 1777, and his mother was the eldest daughter of Major McDonald, who was on active service in 1812. Pére Romain also served in that war as lieutenant. William Francis Romain came to Little York in May, 1830, and entered the service of Sir W. P. Howland & Brother, of Toronto Township, as clerk. Two years later he became manager for the pioneer store and grain dealer in the present town of Brampton, and was the first post-master of that place. He married Ann, eldest daughter of the late Colonel Wm. Chisholm, and settled in Oakville, Halton County, where he at present resides. Mr. Romain was Reeve of the Township of Trafalgar for two years; and when Oakville was incorporated as a town he served for many years as Councillor, and was twice elected unanimously as Mayor. The Romain Buildings on King Street West were built by himself and his brother.

Dr. James Ross was born in York Township in 1832. His father, James Ross, sen’r, was born at sea in the Cove of Cork, off the coast of Ireland, January 26, 1786, and in 1796 came to Canada with his parents, and brothers and sister, John, Mary, Robert, George and Thomas. James Ross, sen’r, began business as a tailor, which he continued until the War of 1812. He was taken prisoner at the capitulation of York. He afterwards settled on a farm in York Township, where he remained until 1858, and then moved into the city. He died at Newmarket in 1868. Until he was seventeen, the subject of this sketch spent his life on his father’s farm. In 1847, he ploughed at Hamilton, Ont., in the Junior Class (under sixteen years) and won the first prize (a purse and a diploma); the latter now adorns the wall of his study. In 1848 he entered the Toronto School of Medicine under Dr. Rolph. In 1851 he obtained his license from the Provincial Board, and subsequently graduated at Jefferson College, Philadelphia, in 1852. The same year he returned to Toronto, where he has since carried on the practice of his profession. In 1854 he married Ann Jane, second daughter of John McIntosh, of Toronto. Dr. Ross does not take an active part in politics; in religion he is a Presbyterian. He is now President of the Ontario branch of the Caledonian Curling Club.

George G. Rowe, M.D. The subject of this sketch was born in 1854, at Churchville, Peel County, in which place he commenced his education, attending Public Schools until his removal to Georgetown Academy, and subsequently to the Canadian Literary Institute at Woodstock, where he finished his elementary studies. He matriculated in Toronto University in 1875, graduating four years after, and has been in the active practice of his profession since. He took up his residence in Parkdale in 1881, and since his advent there has gathered together a large and profitable practice. Dr. Rowe holds numerous offices, being medical attendant for the Grand Trunk Railway Company, as well as for several benevolent societies. He is the Medical Health Officer for the municipality of Parkdale, and is on the staff of physicians attached to the Home for Incurables. Dr. Rowe married, in 1880, Jeanie E., eldest daughter of Thos. Clark, of Georgetown.

Rev. Alexander Sanson, Rector of Trinity Church, Toronto, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, January 6, 1819. His father, James Sanson, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1791, and died in Orillia, Ontario, April 13, 1874. His mother Mary Laing, daughter of William Laing, of Edinburgh, Scotland, was born in 1790, and died in Orillia on the same day that her husband died. Our subject was educated in his native city, and was ordained a clergyman of the Church of England May 8, 1842. He was Rector of York Mills until 1852, since when he has been connected with Trinity Church, Toronto.

Robert Sargeant was born in Lincolnshire, England, in 1813, and emigrated to Canada in 1834, taking up his residence in Toronto the same year. He engaged in contracting and building, and in 1837 erected the first brick house in the “City Block” for Mr. Atkinson. He continued in this business until 1850, when he opened a general store under the name of Robert Sargeant & Co., No. 2 St. Lawrence Block, which he conducted until 1862, afterwards commencing gardening, east of the Don. After spending seven years in this business he retired, subsequently receiving the appointment of City Inspector, an office which he held for seven years; retiring from the same into private life. In 1837 he married Miss Eunice Hutchinson, who died in 1858, leaving four children.

Richard Score, tailor, and importer of fine woollens, Toronto, was born in Devonshire, England, in 1807. His parents were John and Johanna Score. He spent his early life in England, where he learned the tailoring business with his father. In 1832 he married Harriett, youngest daughter of John Courtice, and in the following year came to Canada with his wife and one child. He settled in Toronto, and commenced business in 1845, on King Street West, in what was called Chewett’s Buildings, a few doors west of his present place of business. Mr. Score has four surviving children (three daughters and one son). His son is a member of the present firm of R. Score & Son. In politics Mr. Score is a Conservative, and in religion a Methodist.

Francis H. Sefton, dentist, was born in the City of Worcester, England, and is one of a family of nine children born of H. F. and Martha (Brown) Sefton. Francis was educated at the Ontario Dental College, and began practice on receiving his diploma. He married in 1833 Amy Firlde of Prescott, Ontario, of English extraction.

John Shaw, builder, 102½ Euclid Avenue, a York Pioneer, was born at Newmarket, Ontario, in 1822, being the son of William Shaw, a native of Queen’s County, Ireland, who settled in Little York in 1800. His mother was a daughter of William Hunter, a blacksmith and farrier, who emigrated from England with his family to the United States, and settled for a short time in Albany, N.Y. He came to Little York about 1797 with his six daughters, where he was employed by Governor Simcoe for some time as blacksmith and veterinary surgeon for mounted troops. He then moved a little north of Thornhill on Yonge Street, where he established himself in business. He was the first blacksmith established in this county. During the War of 1812, Mr. Shaw’s father belonged to the York Militia, and participated in the battle of York and some others. After the surrender of the town to the Americans the troops were billeted on the inhabitants. During their stay in the town, a portion of the flour, provisions, stores, etc., which had been sent out from England for the supply of the garrison and other purposes, was distributed by the American officers among the citizens. The Government issued a proclamation after the Americans left the town calling for the people to return the provisions, which was done in nearly every case. Among the other members of this family who emigrated to this continent may be mentioned George Shaw, who died at Niagara; John Shaw, sen’r, who settled in New York; and Joseph Shaw, who had a brewery at Little York, and subsequently died at Hogg’s Hollow; these were uncles of the subject of this sketch. The father of our subject, William Shaw, soon after his arrival in York, was appointed clerk in the Parliament Buildings, during the regime of Governor Simcoe, also under the administration of Governor Hunter, and subsequently died in New York while visiting some friends there. John passed the first ten years of his life in York, and then removed with his parents to Thornhill, where he resided until 1845, and there learned the trade of cabinet-maker, which business he continued until 1845, when he removed to Whitby, Ont., where he resided until 1873. He then removed to Toronto, and has since been engaged in business there as a builder. He was married in Whitby to Margaret, daughter of William Flint, by whom he has two sons and two daughters, viz.: William, Arthur, Margaretta and Louisa. He had four brothers and one sister, his eldest brother William, at Aurora, being the only one now living.

John Shaw was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1809. He came to Toronto in 1857, and remained until 1870, when he removed to St. Louis, Missouri. After an absence of six years he returned to Toronto, where he has since continued to reside. In 1839 he married Jane, daughter of John Place, Esq., of Ballyfermot House, County of Dublin, Ireland, the result of the union being six children, four of whom are still living.

Charles Sheppard, No. 237½ Yonge Street, was born in England, 1819, and came to Toronto, Canada, in 1821 with his father, Thomas Sheppard, who built and kept the “Golden Lion” Hotel, seven miles north of Toronto. In 1855 he married Eliza Cousins, by whom he had four children. Mr. Sheppard had been living in Toronto since 1864. He is one of the best shots in Canada, having won $8,000 in prizes with the rifle. He was noted as a great deer hunter, having with a comrade, Mr. John Perry, of King Township, killed fourteen in one day. About 1881 he lost the sight of his right eye from a cataract, and one year after he was afflicted in the same way in the left eye, but fortunately had an operation performed by Dr. Rosebrugh which saved the sight of both eyes.

John Small, deceased, the first of the name in Canada, is a member of an old Gloucestershire family. He was born in Gloucestershire, England, in 1746, and came to Canada with Governor Simcoe, and settled in the then Town of York (now Toronto) in 1793. He left in England his younger brother, Joseph Atwell Small, D.D., Prebend of the Cathedrals of Gloucester and Bristol, and one of the Chaplains of the King. His house (Berkeley House) in York was built near the present corner of King and Berkeley streets, and is now occupied by his grandson, John Small, M.P. Mr. Small was appointed by the Imperial Government as Clerk of the Crown and Clerk of the first Executive Council in Upper Canada. This position he held until the time of his death, on the 10th of July, 1831, at the age of eighty-five years. James Edward, the eldest son living at the time of the death of John Small above named, was born in 1798, and is said to have been the third white child born in York. He served as a midshipman on the ship St. Lawrence, seventy-four guns, during the War of 1812. Mr. Small was elected as a member of Parliament twice for the City of Toronto, and in the year 1842 for the Third Riding of York. In 1843 he took the portfolio of Solicitor-General in the Baldwin-Lafontaine Cabinet. He was one of the representatives of Canada who proceeded to England for the purpose of negotiating with the Home Government for a Representative Government. Subsequently he was appointed Judge of the County of Middlesex, which position he held until his death, which occurred in London, Ontario, on the 23rd of May, 1869, at the age of seventy-one. John T. Small, M.D., the eldest son of James Edward, was born at York in 1823. He was one of the pupils of the late Bishop Bethune at the rectory at Cobourg. He afterwards went to the Upper Canada College, and thence to the University of King’s College, which was then situated where the present Parliament Buildings are. Having decided upon adopting the medical profession, he went to the Old Country in 1845. After studying for several years in Guy’s Hospital, and in the hospitals of Paris, Edinburgh and Dublin, he took the degree of M.D. at the University of St. Andrew’s, and became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons for England in 1851. In the following year he returned to Toronto and commenced the practice of medicine. Dr. Small was married in Scotland in 1852, to Catherine Frances, the daughter of Alexander Herriot, of the Law House, in Berwickshire. Dr. Small is a Mason, having been initiated in the Order of A.F. and A.M. in 1845; and is a member of St. George’s Society. He is a Presbyterian, being a member of St. Andrew’s, the church of the Rev. D. J. Macdonnell.

Andrew Smith, founder and present Principal of the Ontario Veterinary College, is a native of Ayrshire, Scotland, and received his professional education in the Edinburgh Veterinary College, and graduated in 1861 with the highest honors. The staff of Professors and the subjects taught are as follow:—Prof. Smith, V.S., Edinburgh, M.R.C.V.S., and Honorary Associate, R.C.V.S. (Principal), Diseases of Domesticated Animals; J. Thorburn, M.D., Edinburgh, Veterinary Materia Medica; M. Barrett, M.D., Animal Physiology; Prof. Smith, V.S., and assistants, Clinical Instructors; Dr. Ellis, University, Chemistry; George Buckland, The History, Breeding and Management of Domestic Animals; J. T. Duncan, M.D., V.S., Demonstrator of Anatomy; J. T. Duncan, M.D., V.S., Histology.

Hon. Frank Smith was born in County Armagh, Ireland, in 1822, and settled near Toronto in 1832. In 1849 he went to London, Ont., and engaged in business until 1866, when he made Toronto his home. The business which he has established in Toronto is that of an importer and wholesale dealer in groceries, wines and liquors. He for the space of nine years imported teas direct from China to New York, doing a very large business in this line. In 1881 he purchased a controlling interest in the Toronto Street Railway. Since then he has trebled its work, until now it employs over six hundred horses and traverses the principal streets of the city. While living in London he was an alderman for some years and subsequently mayor. In 1871 he was called to the Senate, and in 1882 to a seat in the Dominion Cabinet. He is also President of the Home Savings and Loan Company, President of the London and Ontario Company, President of the Street Railway Company, President of the Northern Railway Company, Vice-President of the Dominion Bank, Director in the Gas Company, and Director in the Dominion Telegraph Company.

Frank Smith, late Bursar of the Toronto General Hospital, was born on the 22nd day of April, 1809. He is the second son of Francis and Elizabeth Smith, of the County of Kent, England, both born in January, 1777. In the year 1832 their sons, Frank and Joseph, emigrated to Canada, and settled on land in the Township of March, Ottawa River, where they remained two years, removing to Guelph Township in 1834, where they took up seven hundred acres of wild land. In 1835 Frank married the fifth daughter of George Davis, Esq., of Guelph, by whom he had thirteen children. In 1851 he removed to St. Catharines, and was engaged in farming there until 1875, when he removed to Toronto, accepting the appointment of Bursar to the Toronto General Hospital, which he held for ten years. During the Rebellion in 1837-8 he served under Sir Allan McNab as Lieutenant in the 6th Gore District Militia. In politics he is Conservative, and in religion a staunch member of the Church of England.

Fred. Smith, dentist, Queen and Berkeley Streets, was born in Liverpool, England, in 1852. In 1875 he passed the final examination at the London College of Dentistry, after which he practised his profession in Wales. In 1879 he came to Toronto; and established himself on Queen Street East. He now occupies a fine suite of rooms at the above address.

James Smith was born in County Cavan, Ireland, in 1820, and emigrated to Canada when eighteen years of age. On his arrival in Toronto he joined the Volunteers, and served about six months, during the close of the “Mackenzie Rebellion.” He then entered the employment of Mr. T. D. Harris, a King Street merchant, with whom he remained two years. He afterwards followed steamboating for fourteen years, and then took charge of the Restaurant at the Union Station, which he conducted for twenty-one years, having previously had some experience in hotel-keeping. Mr. Smith retired from business in 1879, his present residence being 389 Queen Street West. He was one of the originators of the “Queen’s Own Rifles,” in which corps he held the rank of captain. In 1840 he married Rebecca Armstrong, who died in 1858, leaving two children, three having died before their mother. Mr. Smith married a second time, his wife being Christina Byers, by whom he had nine children, five of whom are living. In politics he is a Conservative. He belongs to the Orangemen and Masons.

John Smith. Instructive and interesting as a perusal of the lives and antecedents of the various characters connected with Toronto’s rise and growth may prove, it is without undue precipitation that we pronounce the opinion that the family of the gentleman whose name heads this sketch have the claim of possessing a peculiar interest in matters relating to the early history of the city. Proud they have a right to be, who, tracing their descent to the early pioneer, feel that they are in possession of a heritage which will not depreciate in value in the hands of successive generations. Individually or collectively, however, they must all give way, in point of interest, to the family to whose record this space is devoted. At the commencement of the reign of George III. was born in Nottinghamshire, England, one William Smith, who in early life acquired a knowledge of architecture and engineering, and who was employed on account of his skill in these branches by the monarch upon one of his royal palaces. In the year 1774 he was sent by the British Government to superintend the construction of works at Cape Breton. Upon his arrival he drew a large tract of land, which proved a valuable coal mine. This he developed, and in 1792 freighted a vessel with coal and sailed for New York where he disposed of his cargo and made his way to Newark (now Niagara). The following year (1793) he joined General Simcoe, and came with him to explore that section of the country of which Toronto is now the capital. He found three Indian wigwams east of the Don on the river banks (lot 15), one of which contained the Chief Kashago; the only white settlers then being William Peak and his family. The latter had been settled there some time, and knew the locality well, and often accompanied General Simcoe on hunting and fishing expeditions, that being Peak’s principal occupation. The Governor gave Mr. Smith choice of land, and he selected one-fifth of an acre—a town lot—being what is now the corner of King and Sherbourne Streets. In the fall of 1793 he returned to Niagara to be with his family during the winter, and in the spring of 1794 brought them to Little York, and having erected a log hut upon lot 15, settled there. He assisted Governor Simcoe in drawing plans for the building of “Castle Frank,” the old summer house on the heights west of the Don, and in various ways brought his knowledge to bear in planning, surveying and laying out the future city. He followed his business of builder and contractor for many years, during which time he constructed many public and private buildings. He erected the first English church; also the residence of Secretary Jarvis on the corner of Sherbourne and Duke Streets; and subsequently, in company with his son-in-law, John Thompson, laid the foundation of and erected the lighthouse on the Island. He was a volunteer in the War of 1812, and was taken prisoner at the capitulation of York in April, 1813. He died in the year 1819, at his residence on the corner of King and Sherbourne Streets, and was buried in the old churchyard of the English church, now St. James’ cathedral. His life was a long and useful one, as well as eventful, and he lived long enough to see the muddy little York, at whose birth it may be said he presided, growing into life and vitality, with a prospect of future greatness which it has more than realized. Mr. Smith had a family of six children, viz: Thomas, William, Mary, Betsy, Sally and Samuel. Thomas was killed at the Battle of Queenston Heights. William, who was born in England in 1781, succeeded his father in the business. In 1814 he purchased the adjoining lot (14) two hundred and seventy acres, from George Cook for $5,000. In the year 1819 he purchased the Governor Simcoe property, lot 15, east of the Don, from John Scadding. He erected a tannery at the Don in 1820, and shortly afterwards opened a store adjoining the old family residence on King and Sherbourne Streets, which he conducted until 1832. In taking to his father’s business he branched out into the mercantile line, and accumulated a quantity of real estate. He purchased the Helliwell property, where the brewery now stands. He was the first Assessor and Collector of York and Markham townships. He was likewise a volunteer in the War of 1812, and was taken prisoner at the battle of York. He died in 1839, leaving six children. His life-long cherished sport was hunting, and, as game of all kinds was then abundant, sport in plenty was to be had. John, whose name appears at the head of this sketch, is the oldest son of the late William Smith, and was born in 1811, at the old home at the corner of King and Sherbourne Streets. He is the only male survivor of the family, and now resides on the old Simcoe property. Only a few years since he presented to the York Pioneers that time-honoured old log cabin which was removed to the Exhibition Grounds with appropriate ceremony, and which continues to be an object of historic interest to visitors, as well as to the inhabitants of the city. John, when a boy, received his first schooling in Michael Doyle’s house on Duke Street, Mr. Blair being the teacher; then at the old yellow school-house at the corner of Ontario and King Streets, at which Mr. Cassells was teacher; and later at the Masonic Hall, which opened in 1824 under the tutorship of Thomas Appleton, after which he attended James Padfield’s school—Secretary Jarvis’s old house—corner of Sherbourne and Duke Streets. Mr. Smith’s mother (Julia Ann Lewis) died when he was sixteen years of age. He succeeded his father in business, and in 1846 married Mary Magarham, by whom he had nine children. He was present at the skirmish near the Don Bridge during the Mackenzie Rebellion. Mr. Smith is in politics a Conservative, although he has ever resisted the pressure brought to bear upon him by friends whose desire was that he should accept office, municipal and political. In concluding this family record, it should be stated that Mr. Smith has in his possession an old clock made by the late Jordan Post, one of the first clockmakers in York, which ticks just as merrily as it did three-score and ten years ago when the old man constructed it, and which can scarce be excelled as a time-piece at the present day. Mr. Smith is still hale and hearty, and, possessing, as he does, a retentive memory, adds to the pleasure, as well as the profit, of the present generation by recounting the strange events and appearances which in the old days surrounded “Little York.”

John T. Smith, deceased, was born in London, England, 1805. In 1826 he emigrated to Canada, and soon after his arrival in Toronto served the public in the capacity of mine host at the Masonic Arms Hotel, West Market Square, where his genial manner won for him hosts of friends, who later elected him to a seat in the Council Board for St. Lawrence Ward, which he held for several years. He was one of the first to assist in organizing the present Gas Company, in which he was a stockholder, and a Director until his death, September 10, 1877, aged seventy-two years. During the Rebellion of 1837 he served as a volunteer. He was twice married, first to a Miss Moore, of Quebec, and on her demise, he married in 1857 a daughter of Frederick East, an old English naval officer. Mr. Smith was for many years a member of the Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons, he was also a member of the English Church.

William Smith, waggon-maker, was born in Oxfordshire, England, in 1821, being the eldest of a family of two sons and two daughters. In 1832, his parents, John and Mary (Mason) Smith, came to Canada with their children. On the voyage out, on the ship Alexander, the small-pox and cholera broke out among the passengers, and Mr. Smith lost a sister two years old by the former, and while waiting at Prescott for a boat to take them to York, the mother died of cholera, in a shop there, leaving the father to look after three young children. Mr. Smith’s uncle and grandfather died at Montreal of the cholera. After reaching York his father rented two rooms on Yonge Street, and obtained work as a mason’s clerk. He afterwards became a labourer in Helliwell’s Brewery, and died in 1849. His second son, Alfred, is a cooper in Drayton, Ontario. William Smith learned his trade with Reuben Parkinson, with whom he was for seven years. He began business for himself in 1843, and in 1847 purchased the property where his business now is, and on which he erected a waggon shop. He now gives employment to eight men. In religion Mr. Smith is a Methodist; he belongs to no political party, but votes on principle. In 1845 he married Edith, daughter of William Dellamore, a farmer in York Township.

Joshua Grafton Snider, livery, etc., was born in the Township of York, December 29, 1833. His grandfather, Martin Snider, was born in Germany; he lived in the United States until the close of the Revolutionary War, when he removed to New Brunswick; he afterwards came to York Township, his son, Thomas, the father of Joshua, being only eighteen months old. Thomas Snider was eighteen years of age at his father’s death. He resided on the old farm until he came of age, when he moved to a farm of his own in the rear of the old homestead, where he lived until his death in 1856. On January 3, 1833, he married Catharine Grafton, daughter of Stewart Grafton, by whom he had seven children. Joshua Snider was working on a farm of his own until his father’s death, when he went on the old homestead farm which he worked for about ten years. He then went to York Mills, where he remained for three years. His wife, a daughter of Thomas Lackie, whom he had married in 1857, died there. He then went to Cincinnati. In 1871 he came to Toronto, where he has been ever since. In 1873 he married a Miss McCallum. In politics he is a Reformer. George S. Snider, the second son of Thomas Snider, was born in 1836. In 1861 he married Elizabeth M. Walker.

Martin Edward Snider, dentist, Bay Street, Toronto, was born in the Township of York in 1845. His father, Thomas Snider, was born in New Brunswick in 1810, and came to Little York about the same year with his father, Martin Snider, a U.E. Loyalist, who took up land in the Township of York, where he died. The wife of the elder Martin Snider died in York Township at the age of one hundred and three. The father of our subject lived in York Township from 1810 until his death, which occurred in 1856. In 1849 he was commissioned a Lieutenant of the York Militia; two commissions signed by Lord Elgin and one by Sir Edmund W. Head. At his death he left a widow and five sons, as follow: Joshua Grafton lives in Toronto; George Stewart lives in Toronto; Thomas Albert lives in Cincinnati, O.; Martin Edward, and John Elgin live in Toronto. Martin Snider received his first education at the old Grammar School, and began his studies at Upper Canada College in 1857, being then twelve years of age. In 1861 he began to study his profession in Toronto; he spent one year in the United States. In 1867 he returned to Toronto, where he has been ever since. His wife is Hannah Wilkinson, daughter of one of the oldest settlers in the town of Muddy York. He has been Returning-officer for St. George’s Ward for thirteen years. In politics he is a Reformer.

Albert W. Spaulding, dentist, 51 King Street East, was born in Durham County in 1848. His father was Joseph Lovell Spaulding and his mother Sarah Hepinstall. Mr. Spaulding taught school for five years, in Huron County, after which he studied dentistry with Mr. W. C. Adams, in Toronto. In 1878 he graduated at the Toronto Dental College, where he afterwards taught, during the sessions of 1880-1 and 1881-2.

James Spence, carpenter and builder, was born in County Armagh, Ireland, in 1808, and was the eldest in a family of four sons and four daughters. His parents were Thomas and Margaret (Whitten) Spence, both of whom were born in the County of Armagh. While he was still a boy he came to Canada, and located at Kingston where he served three years learning the carpenter trade. Then he came to Little York, and for a few years worked with John Harper. For many years he did work for Judge Hagerman and Chief Justice Robinson. In 1835 he built the house in which he now resides at 99 Elizabeth Street. He bought the lot from Judge Hagerman, and paid $300 for it. Mr. Spence has held several public offices. In April, 1856, he was appointed License Inspector for St. John’s Ward, and has in his possession a watch which was presented to him by the hotel-keepers as a mark of their esteem. For twelve years he was Assessor in different Wards, St. James’s, St. Andrew’s and St. John’s. He was collector for St. John’s Ward for three years, and represented that Ward in the City Council for the same length of time. He has made considerable money in real estate transactions. Mr. Spence married Eliza Lockie, born in Tyrone, Ireland, by whom he has had one son and three daughters. The son, Thomas, is dead. He was in the Toronto Custom House for eight years. His daughters are married, the eldest is Mrs. Foster; the second to William Reid, who is in the Custom House; the third to James Carruthers, a bootmaker on Teraulay Street. In politics Mr. Spence is a Conservative, in religion he is a member of the Church of England. During the Mackenzie Rebellion Mr. Spence went out to find Dr. Rolph, whom he wanted to attend his wife who was ill. As he made very anxious enquiries after the doctor, and refused to tell his business, he was arrested by his own party on suspicion of being a rebel, and was taken before a magistrate (John Armstrong), who sent two volunteers to accompany him in his search for the doctor. He was afterwards released, and served with the volunteers under Captain Powell, and was on Yonge Street at the dispersion of the rebels.

Charles Sproat, City Engineer, is the youngest son of the late Alderman Henry Sproat, who died in 1875. Mr. Sproat, sen’r, was a native of Cumberland, England, and came to Canada in the year 1821. He settled in York and devoted his attention to farming, but in 1844 he relinquished his agricultural pursuits and commenced business in the city as a merchant. He took an active part in municipal affairs, and in 1856 was elected Councillor, and, three years later, Alderman, for St. Andrew’s Ward. During his term of office, which extended over a period of seven years, he occupied the position of Chairman of the Fire, Water and Gas Committee, and also of the Board of Works, and was a genuine mover in effecting the introduction of the new fire system. In 1863 he withdrew from active participation in municipal affairs, and shortly afterwards purchased the brewery on Queen Street West, known as Cosgrave & Sproat’s; but a few years later he sold his interest in the concern and retired from business altogether. His son, Charles, the present city engineer, was born in Toronto in 1836, and received his education at Upper Canada and Knox Colleges. He selected the profession of engineer as his future career in life, and became a pupil of the late Frank Shanley, C.E., with whom he was engaged in the survey of the Toronto and Guelph Railway, afterwards amalgamated with the Grand Trunk, and, on the completion of this undertaking, on the Midland Railway survey. He was afterwards employed as Government Surveyor in the districts north-east of Toronto, and subsequently as District Engineer on the Toronto, Grey and Bruce Railway, and in connection with the latter road he was later on promoted to the position of Resident Engineer. When Mr. Shanley entered upon the duties of City Engineer of Toronto, Mr. Sproat received the appointment of Deputy Surveyor, and it was under his superintendence, while holding that office, that the present sewage system of the city was constructed. Mr. Sproat next connected himself with the Georgian Bay and Wellington Railway, connecting Palmerston and Durham, in the capacity of Chief Engineer, and was afterwards engaged in the Canadian Pacific Railway survey in the Rocky Mountains, where he remained until his appointment as City Engineer of Toronto, on the 24th of September, 1883. In 1863 Mr. Sproat married Miss Frances Jane Lawrence, daughter of Mr. Joseph Lawrence, formerly of Toronto, but now a resident of Collingwood.

William Stanley, deceased, was born in Toronto in 1836. He was a painter by trade, and conducted a large and successful business in fresco-painting, graining and decorating, which he commenced in 1859. He was a Unitarian, and a member of the Oddfellows Society. He was also connected with the Tenth Royals and Queen’s Own for many years; and was an active member of the Ontario Rifle Association. Mr. Stanley married in 1856 Elizabeth James, and at his death left a widow, two sons and four daughters.

Richard George Stapells, professor of music, 263 Berkeley Street, was born at Rochester, Kent, England, and came to Canada in 1873, locating in Toronto, where he has since remained. He studied under Thomas Harcourt, Esq., the choir-master of Rochester Cathedral, and George Newsome, Esq., a professor also of that city. Mr. Stapells is organist of Grace Church, and also gives vocal and instrumental instruction to pupils.

Thomas H. Stark, M.D., 97 Bond Street, is a native of Beauharnois, Quebec, being the son of William Stark, school-teacher. He is a graduate of Trinity University and Trinity School, and was for some years Resident Assistant Surgeon at Toronto General Hospital, and in 1882 commenced practice in this city.

N. L. Steiner, marble dealer, Toronto, was born in Bohemia, Austria, in 1832, being the eleventh in a family of fourteen children. His father, Wolfgang Steiner, was a Government contractor. Mr. Steiner was educated in Vienna, and in 1848 left his home and went to New York, where he spent three years learning sculpturing. After having learned the business he was for a few months located in Buffalo. In 1852 he came to Toronto, and commenced business on Parliament Street, afterwards removing to King Street. His next location was at the corner of Yonge Street and Wilton Avenue, where he carried on a large business for twenty-four years, employing over thirty men. In 1880 he removed to his present place on the corner of Wilton Avenue and Victoria Streets. In 1876 Mr. Steiner married a daughter of the Rev. Dr. Leon Sternberger of New York. In 1880 he was elected to represent St. James’s Ward in the City Council, obtaining the largest vote ever polled. He sat for two years, and then retired. He was elected in 1883, being once more at the head of the poll—and in 1884 by acclamation. In 1870, he was commissioned a J.P. In politics he is a Reformer. Mr. Steiner is Past-Master of the A.F. and A.M. of Toronto, and also President of the German Society.

W. St. Croix, 7 North Street, Toronto. Among the many who have settled in Toronto in the past thirty years, and added to its substantial growth and prosperity, there are few who have overcome greater difficulties in achieving an honourable success in business than the subject of this sketch. Mr. St. Croix was born on the Island of Jersey in 1834, of Huguenot extraction. In early life he learned the trade of bricklayer and plasterer, and later travelled through France, England, and a portion of the United States, arriving in Toronto in 1854 with only one York shilling, which constituted his entire wealth. He not only struggled with poverty, but, being in a strange country, was wholly unable to comprehend the language of the people. For the first year after his arrival he worked as a journeyman, during which time he improved his leisure hours in the study of the English language. He soon after began business for himself in a small way, which gradually increased until it assumed vast proportions; with honesty, industry and frugality for his motto, his labours have been crowned with success. During the past thirty years he has erected many public and private buildings, among which were the present Police Station and Court House, near the Post Office, Phœnix Block on Front Street, and several warehouse blocks on Yonge Street. In 1880 he purchased a portion of the Elmsley Estate, west of Yonge Street, consisting of one thousand feet frontage on Bloor Street North and St. Mary Street, upon which he has erected about forty handsome two-storey brick residences, a portion of which he has sold and rented, besides many other private residences in various parts of the city. He has annually employed from sixty to seventy-five men. As an instance of the amount of labour performed in one branch of his business—plastering—in one year, his contracts amounted to thirty-five thousand dollars. The average wages he has paid his men during a period of thirty years has been one dollar and twenty-five cents to two dollars per day. More recently he has enlarged his business, and now contracts for the construction of buildings from the digging of the cellar to the finishing and turn of the key. At the present time he owns over fifty beautiful residences and stores in various parts of the city. In politics he is a Reformer; in religion, a member of the Bond Street Congregational Church, where he has acted in the capacity of a deacon for many years. In 1860 he married a daughter of James Kerr, an old resident of Toronto, of Scottish extraction.

Quetton St. George. In 1791, when the French Revolution was raging, a British Legion was raised in England for the purpose of rescuing Louis XVI., then a prisoner in the Tuileries, and restoring him to the throne of his ancestors. Two brothers, Laurent and Etienne Quettonn, went over to England and enlisted. The Republicans were then a cruel race, the guillotine and confiscation of property being the order of the day. They were particularly hard on those families which were known to have some member fighting for the King. On that account the Duc d’Angoulême, who was then in London taking a great interest in the organization of the said Legion, advised all Frenchmen who enlisted in it to change their names, and assume for a time a nom de guerre. The brothers Quetton were therefore enrolled in the army list as Laurent and Etienne St. George. They went over to France in October, 1791, and from that year they were engaged in active and hard service. Etienne was shot and died on the field of honour at Brestien, the 8th of December, 1798. Laurent was more fortunate, and rose rapidly. He was born at Verrazses, near Montpelier, in the Province of Languedoc, June 4th, 1771. He was barely twenty when he joined the British Legion. The official record of his campaigns shows that he distinguished himself in many engagements, and was gradually promoted. In April, 1796, we find him Lieutenant-Colonel, and in June the same year he was made Chevalier of the Royal and Military Order of St. Louis. In 1798, the Royalist armies being completely routed and all but annihilated by the Republicans, some of the survivors were fortunate enough to escape to England, where those who belonged to the British Legion were treated as retired British officers, and received grants of land in Canada. Among them was Colonel St. George, who then resumed his proper name of Quetton St. George; his descendants still retaining the two names. His grant of land was on the Oak Ridges, at the corner of the four townships of Vaughan, Markham, Whitchurch and King. Several other French officers, General de Puisaye, Count and Viscount de Chalus, and others were also located at Oak Ridges, in what is known to this day as the French settlement. Their first attempt to examine their location was not made by rail, nor even by stage or waggon. Having left York on horseback, when they came to Hogg’s Hollow they found the river so swollen that any attempt at wading through it, the only way of getting across in those days, was out of the question. They left their horses at a farm, and were directed to an Indian path where a pine tree felled across the stream did duty as a bridge for foot passengers. They went up to the Ridges on foot. Some of them actually settled on their lots; but the Chevalier de St. George very soon came to the conclusion that a man who had not been brought up to it was more likely to break his back than to make a fortune by felling trees and piling them into log heaps to clear the land. He returned to York, and started as a merchant at the corner of King and Frederick Streets. He became very popular with the farmers at Markham, then the best settled township north of York. He traded also with the Indians, and a few years ago an old house fire-place was to be seen in Rama Island, Lake Simcoe, which was known to have been a fort, as they called it in those days, where he met the Indians every year. His business prospered, and he built the first brick house in York, still a very good and substantial one, now occupied by the Canada Company. He entered into partnership with Julius Quesnel and John Spread Baldwin, under the name and style of Quetton St. George & Co. Some curious documents of Custom-house entries of those days are still preserved, and may be seen in the house of the same name founded by his son, and now situated on King Street, a few doors west of Yonge Street. After the legitimate Kings of France had been restored to their throne, Quetton St. George, then an independent man, very naturally wished to revisit his native land and relatives. He was received with great distinction by King Louis XVIII. His title of Chevalier, which had been given him in an informal sort of way when King and Princes were prisoners or exiles, was duly confirmed and registered, and he was given besides the decoration of the Lys, a distinction specially reserved for those who had remained true to their legitimate King during those troublous times. He was about returning to Canada when he died, at the comparatively early age of fifty, after a most eventful and honourable life. A son of his is still living at Oak Ridges, and some grandchildren in the Province of Quebec.

Henry Stone, undertaker, 239 Yonge Street, was born in Queen’s County, Ireland, in 1830, being the second eldest and only surviving one in a family of nine children. In 1831, his father Daniel Stone came to Canada and settled in Montreal, removing to Toronto in 1840, where he carried on business as a chandler on Wellington and Edward Streets, until his death in 1855. Henry Stone was educated in Toronto, and when twenty years of age began business as a chandler on Edward Street. In 1854 he was married to Susannah, second daughter of William Reid, who died 22nd November, 1880, in her forty-seventh year, by whom he has had fourteen children, four of whom are dead. In 1869 he bought out Chadwick Fawkes, undertaker, and has carried on that business ever since. In politics he is a Conservative, and in religion a Methodist.

Isaac Stonehouse, retired, was born in England in 1812. His father, Joseph Stonehouse, was a carpenter by trade, and was born in Yorkshire. He came to Canada in 1819, with one of his sons, and settled on a farm in Etobicoke Township; the rest of his family followed him a year later. About 1854 he moved into Toronto, where he remained until his death, which occurred in 1858; his wife was Martha Rushforth. Isaac Stonehouse was farming in Etobicoke until 1854, when he came to Toronto. He is now living retired, and has been so for some few years. He has one son and five daughters. In politics Mr. Stonehouse is a Reformer; in religion a Methodist. He has been a member of the Fruit Growers’ Association for ten years.

William Theophilus Stuart, M.D., is a son of the Rev. James Stuart, and was born in Markham Township in 1853. He received his early education at Brantford, and later attended the Upper Canada College and Trinity Medical School, graduated in 1877 as M.B. In 1877 his acquirements gained for him a gold medal at Trinity University, as well as the University gold medal, and Star gold medal at Toronto University. He commenced the practice of his profession in this city, where he remained one year, afterwards visiting the hospitals of Great Britain, and returning again to Toronto, has since continued a resident, having an extensive and increasing patronage. In 1877 Mr. Stuart became connected with the Central College as Lecturer on Anatomy and Physiology. In 1878 he was appointed Practical Chemist to Trinity Medical School. He is one of the visiting physicians to the Home of Incurables. He devotes much time to the study of Chemistry and Mineralogy. In 1881 he was married to Miss Maggie B. Gibson, of Lachine, by whom he has two children, a son and a daughter.

Leslie M. Sweetnam, M.D., is the eldest son of Mr. Matthew Sweetnam, Post-office Inspector, of Toronto, and was born in Kingston, Ontario, on the 1st of August, 1859. He was educated at the Grammar School, Kingston, the Model School, Collegiate Institute, and Upper Canada College, Toronto. He attended the Toronto School of Medicine, and graduated M.B. at Toronto University in 1881; and M.D., Ch.M. at Victoria University, Cobourg, in the same year. He was Resident Physician and Assistant House Surgeon on the staff of the General Hospital, Toronto, in 1881. Dr. Sweetnam commenced the regular practice of his profession in Toronto in 1882. He is a medical man of more than ordinary promise, and has a large and steadily increasing practice. He is on the medical staff of the House of Providence.

Andrew Tingle, carpenter, was born in the Township of Scarboro’ in 1820, being the eldest in a family of thirteen children. His father was John Tingle, who was born near Leeds, England. He was a farmer. In 1818 he came to Canada and, two years later, married Ellen, daughter of Andrew Thompson, who came to Canada from Scotland. He cleared a farm in the Township of Scarboro’, and lived there until his death in 1877. He survived his wife two or three years. He served during the Rebellion of 1837, under Captain McLean; he was stationed in the city for two weeks, and then spent the winter on the Kingston Road. In 1841 Andrew Tingle married Agnes, daughter of John Reeve, of the Township of Clarke; she died about 1853, in the County of Oxford. His second wife was Mary, daughter of James Patton, of Scarboro’ Township. By his first wife he had one son and two daughters, and by his second wife two sons and one daughter. In 1845 Mr. Tingle removed to the County of Oxford; he remained there until 1853, when he returned to Scarboro’. In 1857 he came to Toronto and engaged in the trade of a carpenter. In politics he is a Reformer, and in religion a Presbyterian.

John Tinning, retired, third son of Richard Tinning, sen’r, was born at Brampton, October, 1832. In 1864 he married Jane Donley, daughter of Patrick Donley, by whom he has two sons and one daughter.

Richard Tinning, deceased, was born in Cumberland, England, in 1801, and about 1824 married Ann Tiffin, who was born at Durham, England, and died at Toronto, July 6, 1874. In 1832 he came to Canada with his wife and two children and settled in Toronto, locating himself at the foot of Bay Street on the shore of the Bay, where he established a timber and lumber business. His stock was cut principally at Oakville and Port Credit, and after being thrown into the Lake was towed along the shore to his saw-mill, which was the first erected in Toronto. In 1840 he removed to the foot of York Street, and in 1846 erected a steam saw-mill where the St. James’ Hotel now stands, and which was then the shore of the Bay. He leased for forty-two years the tract of land extending north from the Bay along York Street to Front Street; upon this he erected several buildings, one a house, in which he resided. In 1834 he contracted with the University authorities to clear College Avenue of the heavy growth of trees and brushwood which covered it. Mr. Tinning continued to run his saw-mill, and did a prosperous business, until his death in 1858. He was a member of the old fire company, and for six years was Alderman for St. Andrew’s Ward. At his death he left a family of three sons and one daughter.

Richard Tinning, jun’r, eldest son of Richard Tinning, sen’r, was born in Cumberland, England, in 1825, and in 1832 came to Canada with his father, with whom he was for years associated in the lumber business. He married the eldest daughter of W. B. Hornibrook, by whom he has one son. For twelve or thirteen years he has represented St. George’s Ward in the City Council.

Thomas Tinning, 39 Front Street West, the second son of Richard and Ann (Tiffin) Tinning, was born in Carlisle, England, in the year 1832. His father was born in 1801, at the same place; his mother was a native of Durham, England, and died in Toronto, July 6th, 1874. Mr. Tinning, sen’r, married in 1824, and in the spring of 1832 emigrated to Canada with his wife and two sons, Richard and Thomas. He landed in Quebec, and at once proceeded to Montreal, and from thence he came to Toronto, the journey being accomplished by Durham boats drawn by oxen. On their arrival here, the head of the family went to Brampton, leaving his wife and children in the city, but subsequently returned after a short absence and located at the foot of Bay Street, on the shore of the bay. He established himself in the lumber trade, and for twenty years employed a large force of men cutting lumber by means of whip-saws. In 1840 he moved to the foot of York Street, and in 1846 erected a steam saw-mill upon the site of the present St. James’ Hotel. The mill was a frame building eighty feet in length, and would cut forty feet lengths of square lumber. He leased from the city for forty-two years a tract of land extending from the water’s edge along York to Front Street upon which he erected buildings, and where he himself resided. In 1834 the contract was given Mr. Tinning to clear what is called College Avenue, which was then covered with a good growth of black ash, basswood and oak, together with a variety of other timber. In this work he employed a staff of forty men, and he himself cut down the first tree. All the timber felled in connection with this clearing was given to Mr. Tinning, and in addition a handsome recompense. It was subsequently cut for firewood and sold to the citizens. While the work was being performed, an incident happened one day which created a slight sensation and, although it may appear paradoxical, will in truth call up startling reflections on the immense progress made by Toronto since that time. The incident referred to was a deer which ran across the avenue from the direction of Rosedale and darted into the bush in a south-westerly direction. All the men gave chase, but the fleetness of the animal soon distanced the pursuers. Mr. Tinning continued to run his saw-mill until his death in 1858. He was a member of the old Fire Company; also a member of the A.F and A.M. He was Alderman for St. Andrew’s Ward six years. In political matters he was strongly Conservative, and in religion a member of the Church of England. At his death he left a family of three sons, Richard, Thomas, and John. Thomas Tinning, whose name appears at the commencement of this family record, was only an infant when his parents located in Toronto. Brought up beside that element on which he was destined to play thereafter many a gallant part, he imbibed that affection for aquatics which afterwards secured for him the Championship of Toronto Bay, which he maintained for so long a period. He assisted his father in the lumber business, which he has continued to carry on; but it is especially by those deeds of daring inspired by a desire to rescue human life from shipwrecked vessels that Mr. Thomas Tinning has earned the gratitude of the citizens of Toronto. He has during the last twenty years been the means of saving the lives of two hundred human beings from drowning in the lake and bay. The following examples bear testimony to the courage and endurance displayed on two memorable occasions in which Mr. Tinning was the principal actor. In the month of December, 1856, a schooner, named J. G. Beard, went ashore on the south side of the Island during a furious gale. The crew had taken refuge in the rigging; and, observing the wreck by the aid of his glass, together with the perilous position of the crew, Mr. Tinning immediately launched his skiff and rowed over the bay and, hauling his boat across the Island, succeeded in pulling off to the wreck in the face of a tremendous sea. This feat was not easily accomplished, and he was thrice upset while attempting it, but on the fourth trial he reached with his skiff the unfortunate crew, who were eventually rescued. The weather was bitterly cold, and during the long hours that passed while undertaking this meritorious action his clothes became coated with ice. In December, 1861, the schooner Pacific, while attempting to make the Queen’s Wharf during a violent gale was driven ashore in the Humber Bay. The position of the vessel, and the probable fate of the crew caused Mr. Howard of High Park to hasten to Toronto, and, if possible, bring back a relief party with him to make the attempt to save the shipwrecked crew. He called upon Mr. Thomas Tinning, who got together some volunteers, and taking with him one of the life boats of the steamer Zimmerman, proceeded at once on a sleigh to the scene of the wreck. After considerable difficulty and much danger, they succeeded in rescuing the crew, and as the success was in a great measure the result of Mr. Tinning’s individual exertions, in which he displayed great promptitude, coolness and daring, he was shortly after the event presented by the citizens of Toronto with a handsome trophy in recognition of his valuable services. The presentation took the form of a splendid piece of silver rock-work, surrounding a representation of water in glass, with an appropriate mermaid figure in the centre holding a nautilus shell of frosted cut-glass made to contain flowers. The following inscription is engraved on a silver shield: “Presented to Thomas Tinning by a few of his friends and fellow-citizens for his gallant behaviour in rescuing the crew of the schooner Pacific, wrecked in the Humber Bay, December, 1861: Toronto, May, 1862.” These two instances we have given will be proof sufficient of what benefit his long residence in Toronto has been to the saving of life from the dangers of the Lake, and will serve to impress the toilers of the deep with the conviction that Toronto is not behind other ports in possessing brave hearts and willing hands, ready to risk their own lives in the prospect of saving others. Among the list of vessels which he has been at different times the means of saving from entire destruction and consequent loss of valuable cargoes, we may mention the Rapid, Echo, Olive Branch, and the crew of the Fearless, in Ashbridge’s Bay. On the 3rd August, 1870, he was presented with a silver tea service for his great and successful exertion in recovering the bodies after the deplorable and heart-rending catastrophe in the Bay of Hamilton that year. Mr. Buchanan made the presentation, and expressed to Mr. Tinning the views, in regard to him, of the citizens of Hamilton. “He had not only been the instrument of alleviating the distressed feelings of a family, but also of a community.” The silver tea service bears the following inscription: “Presented by a few of the citizens of Hamilton to Thomas Tinning, as a mark of their high appreciation of his services in recovering the bodies of the daughters of Thomas Swinyard, Esq., June 27, 1870.” In 1870, Mr. Tinning was appointed by the Government Captain of the Life Saving Station at Toronto, which position he held for some years, finally relinquishing it on account of the small allowance made for the support of crew, boats, etc. Mr. Tinning is a well-built man of about six feet two inches in height, and a frame which proves him to be possessed of great muscular power. He married Miss Summer, the daughter of the late Bernal Summer, a prominent Niagara merchant, and grand-daughter of Dr. Cyrus, of Beamsville, an old U. E. Loyalist. Mr. Tinning has two sons; Frank, the eldest, is fast following in the footsteps of his father, having in 1882 saved two young men from drowning in Georgian Bay. William, the other son, is in the Custom House.

John M. Tinsley, retired, 81 Agnes Street, was born in Richmond, Virginia, in 1783. His grandfather, Thomas Tinsley, came to America from Ireland during the time of Oliver Cromwell, and located at Hanovertown, twenty-one miles from Richmond. He had four sons, Thomas, Peter, John and Samuel. The father of our subject was Samuel Tinsley, who was born in Ireland, and who married Elizabeth Merrywether, who was born in Virginia. He was a Captain in the Revolutionary War, and was in many of the battles. He died in Virginia in 1815. The early boyhood of our subject was spent in Richmond, where he went to school. In 1800 he began to learn the trade of a carpenter, and in 1807 he was a journeyman. He married Douglas Dailey in 1811. In 1831 he paid a visit to Canada, spending some weeks at Toronto, and at the Wilberforce settlement near London. He returned to Richmond where he remained until 1837, in which year he removed to Cincinnati. In 1842 he came to Toronto and opened a grocery store on the corner of Albert and Elizabeth Streets, which business he continued for one year; his wife died in 1842. He then worked at the carpenter trade for John Harper and for J. George Joseph. Mr. Tinsley has long since ceased to work. He has not been able to read for the last ten years, but he can see things at a distance. When he was fifteen years old he saw George Washington, who used to visit some families in Richmond. His family were very long-lived. A sister, Polly, who was born in 1775, was living in New Orleans in 1870 when Mr. Tinsley last heard from her. Mr. Tinsley is a Reformer in politics and a Baptist in religion.

Robert Trotter was born in the County Cavan, Ireland. He spent the early part of his life in County Louth, from which place he emigrated to Canada in 1837, and at once took up his residence in this city. He was for a time connected with the police force, and was clerk of the market for some years. He has for many years been a successful speculator in real estate, and now owns a large amount of property in this city.

The career of Mrs. Jenny K. Trout, M.D., of Toronto, furnishes an excellent illustration of what a woman possessing pluck and perseverance may accomplish. Dr. Trout was born in the year 1840, in the pretty town of Kelso, Roxburghshire, Scotland. Her parents, Andrew and Elizabeth Gowanlock, emigrated to Canada when she was but seven years old, and at the age of seventeen we find her still living with them in a sparsely populated district near Stratford, Ontario. Her education was only of an imperfect rudimentary nature, but books were her close companions and she read them with a fixed determination to acquire knowledge. About this time she commenced attending the little country schools with a view to qualifying as a teacher. When nineteen years old she graduated from the Toronto Normal School, and was shortly afterwards placed in charge of a school in the northern part of her own township. Labouring in this capacity and neighbourhood for nearly five years, she was able, by industry and good husbandry, to accumulate a considerable sum of money. It was during her fifth teaching year, 1864, that she married Mr. Ewart Trout, of Toronto, and subsequently removed to that city. One of her youthful ambitions was to become a physician. Loss of health intensified this ambition and having made good use of her spare hours she succeeded in matriculating in 1870. Her health at this time was so poor as to excite the serious apprehension of her medical adviser and friends, but notwithstanding she attended—during 1871-72—a full course of lectures at the Toronto School of Medicine. An account of the trials and tribulations which she underwent would prove as instructive as interesting, but our space will not permit of it. Dr. Trout was one of the first to apply for admission to the lectures in the University, this being the place where the students of the Toronto School assembled for Chemistry lectures, but the Faculty denying admittance to women, she was, with others, compelled to forego for a time the study of this branch of medicine. After a three years’ course of the Women’s Medical College, Philadelphia, she received the degree of M.D., and immediately upon her return to Canada, successfully passed the examinations before the Council of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. Dr. Trout has the honour of being the first woman who passed the Ontario Council, and also held the position for many years of being the only lady member of the college. She now entered upon the duties of her new profession in Toronto, being joined by Dr. E. Amelia Tifft, a graduate of the same school and class in Philadelphia. It was not long before they opened a woman’s dispensary, in the eastern part of the city, which, however, they were, owing to the demands made upon them as physicians, compelled to abandon. Dr. Trout was, for a time, one of the two visiting physicians connected with the Infants’ Home in its early days. The lady doctors have made popular a comparatively new agent in the practice of medicine in Canada, i.e., Electricity. In order to successfully develop the capabilities of this curative power, they founded what proved to be one of the best institutions of its kind in the Dominion, occupying a handsome white-brick structure on the corner of Jarvis and Gerrard Streets, and facing the Baptist Church. Dr. Trout’s health, never robust, improved slightly for a time, but ultimately gave way under the heavy strain of her large and increasing practice, until utterly worn out, she was compelled in 1883 to retire from the laborious duties of the Institution. Dr. Trout has ever taken a lively interest in the education and advancement of the younger members of her sex. She has, wholly or in part, aided more than one young woman to obtain the degree of M.D. In thorough sympathy with the objection to mixed classes in the schoolroom, she was anxious to see a Women’s Medical College in Canada and, in 1883, offered to liberally endow such an establishment in Toronto; but the promoters hampered it with such conditions that she transferred her support and influence to Kingston, where a college had been opened, which is in a flourishing condition. She has also been an earnest and successful worker in the cause of Temperance, having filled, at sundry times, the office of President, Vice-President, and Secretary of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union. The subject of our sketch is to-day Vice-President for Canada of the Association for the Advancement of Women. She is a member of the Jarvis Street Baptist Church, is liberal in her principles and tolerant in her religious views.

W. W. Turner, M.D., was born at Millbrook, Ontario, 1849, and is the eldest son of Charles Turner of that place. In early life he attended the Public and Grammar Schools at Brighton, Ontario, afterwards studying at Victoria University, receiving a diploma in 1867. He attended various hospitals in New York, and graduated from Bellevue Hospital College. Dr. Turner first commenced practice in Winnipeg in 1876, where he remained five years and during his residence performed some very skilful surgical operations which made him quite a celebrity. He settled in Parkdale in 1882, and has already a large and lucrative practice. He is on the medical staff of the Home for Incurables, and during the present year read a paper before the Ontario Medical Association which was received and commented on with favour. Dr. Turner married, in 1872, Julia Laughton, of Hamilton, by whom he has one daughter.

Charles K. Unwin, Deputy Registrar of the County of York, is the son of Charles and Elizabeth Unwin, the former a native of England and the latter of Irish descent. His father married after he came here in 1835. He was employed in the office of Mr. Samuel Ridout for about fifteen years, afterwards being connected with the Beaver Mutual Insurance Company. Charles K. was born in 1853 in this city, and has been connected with the Registry Office about six years.

Professor Vernoy, the founder and proprietor of the Electro-Therapeutic Institution, 197 Jarvis Street, Toronto, is a native of New York. He commenced the practice of electro-therapeutics in Pennsylvania in 1869, according to the new theory, as discovered and promulgated in that branch of science, proving it to be a success. In 1876 Professor Vernoy was induced to leave Philadelphia for Canada; he accordingly settled on Jarvis Street, Toronto, where he established himself as an electro-therapeutist. Since his arrival here the success attending the exercise of his profession in the new and wide field of the Dominion has been marvellous, and has won for him a wide reputation in the cure of nervous diseases and those not successfully dealt with by other means. This new system of treatment by the application of electricity is becoming more popular and interesting year by year, from the fact that well-attested evidence has shown that wonderful cures have been effected by its use when all other means have failed. In his paper, The Electric Age, Professor Vernoy records numerous testimonials (given for the purpose by individuals of unquestionable reputation in our midst) as to the saving of life and restoration to health by his new system of electro-therapeutic treatment. Many of those who have been thus benefited by him have expressed their willingness and desire to aid him in his endeavours to relieve suffering humanity; hence, in order to satisfy the enquiries of those who desire proof of his great success (by direct communication), a list of many important cases is recorded in his paper. Professor Vernoy’s Electro-Therapeutic Institution is situated on one of the finest and most beautiful streets in the city, within five minutes’ walk of the Post-office and the business centre, and can accommodate a limited number of patients, who are made to feel pleasantly at home, their comfort and convenience being consulted. In connection with his large experience and practice in the use of electricity, Professor Vernoy has devoted his attention to the production of a superior Electro-Medical Battery suited to all varieties of human temperament and the various classes of disease. This delicate instrument is so nicely arranged that individuals who cannot conveniently enter the Institution for treatment may, by obtaining one of them, take treatment at home successfully by following the instructions given.

JOHN J. VICKERS.

John Joseph Vickers, proprietor of the celebrated Express Company of that name, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1818, being the second son of John and Hannah (Leeson) Vickers of that city. His father held a government position in the Treasury Department for many years, and his death occurred when John Joseph was but six years old. Our subject’s early education was acquired in Dublin, and when a young man he entered the service of the City of Dublin Steam Packet Company, and remained with them several years. In 1849 he went to New York, bearing introductory letters from James McHenry, Esq., of Liverpool, and entering the service of the Howard Steamship Company, he continued in their employ two years. In the meantime, having heard of the splendid agricultural prospects of Canada, young Vickers, who lacked neither energy nor ambition, determined to try his hand at farming, and, putting his resolution into effect, moved to the Bay of Quinte district and settled upon a farm in Prince Edward’s County. Two years’ practice as an amateur farmer convinced Mr. Vickers that rolling logs and growing buckwheat was more of a reality than he anticipated, hence he abandoned agriculture and left for Toronto. In 1852 he engaged with the American Express Company and continued in their service two years. On the completion of the Northern Railroad, he embarked in the express business on his own account, and by strict attention and great exertions he has developed his present extensive connection, a statistical account of which is given elsewhere in this volume. In 1859, in conjunction with others, Mr. Vickers visited the Lake Superior district in the first steamer (The Rescue) to Thunder Bay. He then noticed that the mouth of the Kaministiquia River would in the near future be a great harbour, and, acting on his own prophetic instincts, he purchased all the land obtainable in that region after its survey by the Government, and now owns nearly half of the navigable portion of the river frontage on the north side, the Canadian Pacific Railway running through the greater portion of his property. He owns about seven thousand acres, upon which are valuable mines of silver, slate and large quantities of fine sandstone. Since his settlement in Toronto he has taken an active interest in all that concerns the city’s welfare, and was elected alderman to represent St. George’s Ward in 1864, and remained in the Council until 1870. During the time he was a member of that body he proposed the resolution to construct the New Water Works, which was carried October 10, 1870. He is captain in the Sedentary Militia, having held a commission for many years. Mr. Vickers’ political opinions are strongly Conservative. In 1855 he married Catharine Mary, eldest daughter of the late John W. Dunbar Moodie, first Sheriff of Hastings County (her mother being Susanna Moodie, the eminent authoress, whose “Roughing it in the Bush” and other publications have contributed not a little to our national literature). The issue of this marriage are four sons and six daughters, all living; the eldest son, John A. D. Vickers, being active superintendent of the Express Company. William W. is a student at the University. Victor Gillmor Ridgeway is supposed to be the only boy born in Toronto the morning the Queen’s Own Rifles left for the frontier on the memorable First of June, 1866, at the time of the Fenian raid; the Civic Council choosing the name in honour of the event and Colonel Gillmor acting as godfather.

W. J. Wagner, M.D., 7 Gerrard Street, was educated at Toronto Grammar School and Upper Canada College, and studied medicine at Toronto School of Medicine. He graduated at Toronto University in 1870 and commenced practice the same year on Queen Street.

James Wallis, 104 Cumberland Street, Yorkville, was born in Cumberland, England, July 29, 1807, and came to Toronto in February, 1828. He worked two years for Jacob Hutchinson on Front Street, and then began business for himself as blacksmith on King Street East. He removed to Yorkville in 1831 and has been in business there about fifty years. Mr. Wallis was one of the first members of the Yorkville Council and remained in that body two years, afterwards for several years occupying the responsible position of Treasurer to the Council. He belonged to the old fire brigade, and took part on the loyalist side during the Rebellion of 1837-38. He is a member of Bloor Street Methodist Church. In May, 1828, he was married to Ann Greenwell, of Cumberland, England, who died May 5, 1837. Mr. Wallis was married a second time to Esther Hodgson, who is also a member of the same church as himself.

James John Walsh was born in Cheshire, England, in 1833, and came to Canada in 1861, taking up his residence in Toronto, where he has since remained. He was for many years engaged in the live cattle export trade, and carried on successfully the largest wholesale butchering business for one man in the city. In 1880 he retired from business; since which time he has lived at his fine private residence on Kingston Road, called Cheshire Villa.

James Walsh is a native of the City of Cork, Ireland, where he was born in 1839, and when ten years of age emigrated to Canada and located first at Belleville, where he remained until 1859, after which he came to Toronto. Subsequently he removed to London, Ont., and after a residence of five years there he returned to this city, where he has since lived. He engaged in the manufacture of soda and mineral waters, which business he conducted from 1868 to 1883, retiring from trade in the latter year. In 1871 he married Mary Jane, daughter of David Slee. Mr. Walsh built the Berkeley Terrace from Nos. 122 to 134, and also owned the soda water factory and house No. 220 Berkeley Street.

Benjamin Walton was born at Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England, 1819, youngest son of Jonathan and Sarah (Wood) Walton. His father was a cloth merchant. Mr. Walton in early life had very good advantages for an education, which he diligently improved, and subsequently learned the trade of a stone-mason and builder. In 1844 he came to Toronto and worked as a journeyman until 1848, when he embarked in the building business for himself; his first contract was for the construction of the stone work for Osgoode Hall, for which he received $50,000. After its completion he laid the basement of Toronto University, and subsequently erected the Mechanics’ Institute (now the Public Library), Bank of British North America, Custom House, Examining Warehouses, and many other buildings. He purchased one thousand five hundred acres of land on the Grand Trunk Railway, at Melbourne, P.Q., where he expended a large sum of money in opening a slate quarry; one year later he shipped the first car-load of Canadian slate that was ever brought into Toronto. He continued his slate industry until he had expended nearly $80,000, when, in 1883, with a view of meeting the demands of their largely-increasing trade, he organized a joint stock company (under the Mining Act) called the “Dominion Mining Company,” with a capital of $100,000 (he being one of the largest stock-holders), since which time his business has materially increased; they now employ over sixty men. The demand for their slate, which is of very superior quality, has steadily increased, and they are now exporting large quantities to England, Australia, Cape of Good Hope and United States. Notwithstanding there is a duty imposed of twenty per cent, they are doing a large business in exporting to the North-West. The quarry is situated six miles from Richmond station, on the Grand Trunk Railway, where quite a little village is springing up. In 1848 Mr. Walton married Eliza, daughter of Thomas Glasco, by whom he had one son and four daughters. Mr. Walton died 3rd January, 1885.

John Walz was born in Germany in 1830 and came to Canada in 1857, locating first at Preston, near Galt, where he remained one year. He then came to Toronto and started as brewer in 1858, which business he carried on up to 1882, since which time he has been living retired. In 1859 he married Miss Josephine Bandel, by whom he has three daughters and two sons. The property of Mr. Walz has a frontage of two hundred and five feet on Sherbourne Street and three hundred on Duchess Street, on which he has erected fifteen houses.

A. J. M. Watkins, Superintendent of the Horticultural Gardens, is a native of the City of Hereford, England, his father being a florist and seed merchant in that city. During his father’s life-time our subject was thoroughly grounded in the business, and his whole life has been spent in the care of flowers, shrubs, trees and lawns. He came to Canada in 1870, and was foreman with Fleming, the propagator and seedsman, for two years. He was for a time engaged in market gardening, and in 1875 accepted his present position. He took the gardens when the ground was a swamp and waste, and then made it to blossom with roses.

John Watson was born in the village of Bedford, Missisque County, Quebec, and is the third of a family of four children born to John and Sarah (Botham) Watson who, removing from Quebec Province, settled in York County in 1849. John was born in the year 1840, and was consequently but nine years of age when the family took up their residence here. His father was a carpenter and carried on business for many years and was eighty-four years of age when his death occurred in 1879. John early learned his father’s business, and for ten years worked as a journeyman, subsequently, in 1860, commencing business for himself as builder and contractor, which he has since conducted, employing about fifteen men. He has, however, confined his share of the work to building wood work, letting out contracts for the brick and other work; he owns all the property he has put up, which now amounts to sixty-three houses scattered through four Wards of the city. Mr. Watson is a member of the Methodist Church; also, he takes an active part in the Salvation Army in Toronto and other towns; he was the means, assisted by two friends, of securing that valuable lot on the corner of James and Albert Streets, at a cost of $7,000, on which the Salvation Army Temple is being erected. His father and mother are from England and came out about the year 1818; his father returned to England and came back to Canada a second time; he served in the Rebellion of 1837, and took up arms to defend the Government round Missisque Bay, on the Vermont frontier.

Tom Webb, baker and confectioner, corner of Yonge and Agnes Streets, is the son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Parker) Webb, who came to Canada from England in 1842. His father carried on the business of a baker and confectioner in the stand now occupied by Tom, from 1842 until 1875, when he retired and removed to Deer Park, where he now resides. Mr. Webb, sen’r, had three sons, Edward, a lawyer in London, England, who died December, 1884; Harry and Tom who are both in the bakery business; and one daughter, Mrs. John Wightman. Tom was born in Toronto in 1849, and succeeded to his father’s business in 1875. In 1873 he married a daughter of Henry James Clark.

Henry G. White is a native of New Hartford, Conn., and came to Canada in 1854. He was a builder, sash, door and frame manufacturer, having served his time in Connecticut. On his arrival here he entered the service of Alexander Manning as foreman, after which he spent some time in Vaughan Township, where he built and fitted up several saw-mills, from thence he again came to Toronto and was foreman of the first exhibition building there. He then went to Bothwell and was manager for the oil works there two years, subsequently becoming manager for the Des Moines Valley Oil Company. From there he went to Muskegon as engineer in a large mill, from which place he returned to Toronto, and engaged in car building about two years. After spending a short time in Bradford, in 1875 he took charge of the wood-working machinery in the Northern Railway shops, which position he still retains.

Isaac White, deceased, was born at Rutland, Vermont, April 9, 1792. His ancestors emigrated from England to America previous to the American Revolution, and settled in the above named State, where they were at one time slave-holders and tillers of the soil. In 1796 Mr. White, sen’r, died, and left a family of five children, of whom our subject was the eldest. His mother came to Canada in the same year, bringing with her a faithful slave called “Mammy Long,” to whose care Isaac was especially entrusted. She died in Toronto at the age of one hundred years. When Mr. White was seven years of age he was sent to Bond Head, Simcoe County, where he was bound as an apprentice, and a few years later drove Thomas Rouche’s stage between York and Niagara until 1810. His advantages of education, like the youth of that day, were very limited. He never attended school but one day, and on that day fell into a dispute with his school-mate, Allan McNab (afterwards Sir Allan McNab), and gave him a severe thrashing; for fear of being chastised by his teacher he failed to return. This circumstance caused the two juvenile pugilists to become fast friends, and whenever, in after years, Sir Allan was in York he never failed to call upon his friend White. As Mr. White advanced in life he saw the benefits to be derived from an education, and from his meagre earnings purchased some school books; with industry and great perseverance he mastered the common English branches, which fitted him for a useful and eventful life. He served at the taking of Detroit and the Battle of Queenston Heights. He was present at the battle of York, where he was taken prisoner of war with the York Militia. When brought before the American Commander, Major General Dearborn, his American accent was at once detected; Major-General Dearborn enquired, “What are you doing here, young man, fighting against your country?” Mr. White replied, “General, I will not deny my nationality, nor am I fighting against my country; if a country is worth living in it is worth fighting for; I am fighting for my home and my family who reside here.” “That’s right, my boy, you are a brave fellow,” said the General, who immediately paroled him. After serving until the close of the war he received, in 1848, from the Crown for his bravery a silver medal. Previous to the war he married Nancy, eldest daughter of Jacob Snider, of Eglinton, York County, by whom he had one daughter. He subsequently kept the old Red Lion Hotel in Yorkville, and afterwards located at the corner of James and Albert Streets, where he lived many years. He early acquired the trade of mason and bricklayer, and was concerned in the erection of many fine and substantial buildings in the city, among which were St. James’s Cathedral, and Osgoode Hall. The first fire company that was organized in York counted him among its members. At the time of his death, 1878, he was one of the oldest members of the York Pioneers, being eighty-six years of age. He earned for himself a reputation, second to none, for intelligence, honesty and an undivided application to business. His second marriage was in 1838, to Jane, the widow of Thomas Carroll, and a daughter of the late John McIntosh, by whom there was no issue.

James Wickson, deceased, was born at Walworth, near London, England, in 1794, and in 1834 emigrated to Canada, and settled in Toronto. He engaged in the butcher business, and occupied a store in the Market, which he carried on until a little previous to his death. He married Miss Jane Tuesman, by whom he had ten children, eight of whom are still living, and three of them residing in this city. John Wickson, the second son, was born in England in 1817, and came to Canada with his father. He also engaged in butchering, and had a stall in the Market until 1870, after which he became interested in real estate. In 1836 Mr. Wickson married Miss Eliza Chilver, daughter of Joseph Chilver, who emigrated to this country in 1833. He had eleven children, nine of whom are still living.

Hon. Christopher Widmer. (From the Weekly Globe, May 5, 1858.) The venerable gentleman whose name heads this paragraph died on Monday morning at four o’clock. On Sunday at noon he had gone to visit the grave of an only son, recently deceased, to whom he was deeply attached, when he was seized with a fit, was conveyed home, and notwithstanding all the efforts of the medical men, expired on the following morning. Dr. Widmer was a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, and was formerly Staff Surgeon attached to the Fourteenth Light Dragoons. He served through nearly the whole of the Peninsular War, for which he held the medal with five clasps for Vittoria, Salamanca, Fuentes d’Onoro, Busaco and Talavera. He came to this country before the close of the American War, and resided in Toronto until his death; he was consequently one of the oldest inhabitants of the city. In 1849 Dr. Widmer was appointed a member of the Legislative Council. For many years he occupied the first rank in his profession in Toronto, being constantly in every important and critical case, and was highly valued for his courage, promptitude and skill. He was at times somewhat rough, retaining a little the manner of the army, but he was essentially kind-hearted, and many grieved for the loss of their frank and reliable medical adviser. In his long and successful practice he accumulated a large fortune. He left two daughters, one unmarried, the other the wife of George M. Hawke, Esq. He was within a few days of the seventy-eighth year of his age.

John Wightman, retired, was born in Brampton, Cumberland, England, in 1806. His parents were Robert and Mary (Davidson) Wightman; his mother died in England in 1818. In 1834 he came to Canada with his father, who was a manufacturer of worsted goods. His father died in Toronto in 1860. After he came out here John Wightman and his brother George opened a dry goods store and straw bonnet manufactory on King Street, near Yonge; at the end of three months they removed to where Catto’s store now is, on King Street, which they held until 1874, when they sold the business to Mr. Catto; they were in business there for sixteen years. Mr. Wightman is now retired from business. In 1838 he married a daughter of Captain Jago, from Plymouth, England, by whom he had one son, who is now living at Deer Park; she died in 1849. In 1850 he married Elizabeth Hayward, who was born in Hampshire, England, in 1802; she died in 1877. Mr. Wightman had no children by his second marriage. He is a reformer in politics, and a Congregationalist in religion; he is a deacon in his church. Mr. Wightman had three sisters, the eldest Mrs. Burns, who died in Yorkville, 1846; the second, Margaret Wightman, who died in Toronto, 1875; and the youngest, Mrs. Evans, who died in Cobourg, 1869.

Robert Wilkes, deceased. In the records of Toronto many names occur to a long resident which fail not, when recalled, to stir some cherished memory of departed years. The subject of our present brief memoir is one of those, and consequently deserving of more than ordinary notice. Of Irish birth, he displayed all those qualities—ability, energy and quicksightedness, traits of character common among his countrymen—which assist materially that success which is generally their lot when free from the political evils that do so much to retard progress on their native soil. Robert Wilkes was born in Tulleham, County Leitrim, Ireland, June 24, 1832. He came to Toronto with his mother in 1848, and was one of a family of seven children, his father having died in Ireland. On the settlement of the family here, Robert was immediately placed in the mercantile house of his maternal uncle, Mr. R. H. Brett. In 1852 he engaged as clerk with Rossin Bros., Jewellers, with whom he remained until their retirement from business in 1858. Mr. Wilkes then commenced business on his own account and, four years later, secured premises on Yonge Street, Nos. 48 and 50. Encouraged by his success in Toronto, he opened a branch house in Montreal. From this time forward his success was assured, and the honours afterwards falling to his lot were not less earned than deserved. In the year 1871 he became Director of the Bank of Commerce, and two years later he was elected a member of the Dominion Parliament, as representative of Central Toronto. In religious matters Mr. Wilkes was an example, his own body (the Methodists) having during his lifetime received from him material assistance. He was a Trustee of Bloor Street Methodist Church, and was instrumental in procuring the extensive alterations and improvements recently made in that edifice. He was for many years Treasurer of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society, and was also a member of the Board of Trade. Mr. Wilkes lost his life in a noble and praiseworthy endeavour to save his son and daughter from death by drowning off Sturgeon Point and, ere assistance could be rendered, he and those he attempted to rescue found a watery grave. Thus perished one of those citizens whose name is connected with the rise and progress of the city; enterprising, honourable and courageous, his life is a guidance to the rising generation, and his success exemplifies what may be the result of a laudable and unselfish ambition. Mr. Wilkes married on July 23, 1863, Martha, daughter of Dr. Cooke, of London, England.

William Wilkins was born in County Cork, Ireland. In 1834 he came to Canada, and locating in Toronto, opened a store, and engaged in the mercantile business. He first commenced on King Street, but shortly afterwards removed to where the house of Gooderham now stands. He remained here twenty years, and then returned to King Street, and after spending two years in the latter thoroughfare he retired from the business. He has since been largely engaged in the erection of houses and, in connection with his son, has built over one hundred houses in the eastern portion of the city. He married, in 1840, Miss Margaret May, of Queen’s County, Ireland, by whom he had nine children, six of whom are yet living, four sons and two daughters.

James M. Williams, Gas Company Lamp Inspector, is a native of Sittingbourne, Kent, England, and is the youngest son of Captain William Williams, of the Mediterranean Steamship Line, who married Miss Matilda Love, also of Sittingbourne. Mr. Williams came to Toronto in 1869, and in 1882 took his present position. In 1867 he married Elizabeth M. Etall, of Dover, Kent, England.

James A. Williamson, barrister, 18 St. Mary’s Street, is a native of Galt, Ontario, the eldest son of Robert Williamson, merchant, born in Ross-shire, Scotland, who married Jessie Bethune, of the same county, and came to Canada about 1864. Mr. Williamson received his primary education at the Central School, Galt, and afterwards under Dr. Isaac. He was articled to W. H. Beatty, and in 1879 passed his final examination, and was called to the Bar.

Thomas P. Worthy, Yorkville, was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1810. He came to York in 1831, and having no trade he went out on to the Huron track and worked three years at farming. He then returned to Toronto, and on August 4, 1834, married Ann Scaling, the wedding being solemnized in Upper Canada College. After this event he was engaged in the making of soda water and ginger beer, for thirty years. He was in the Rebellion of 1837. He is a Conservative in politics, and in religion a member of the English Church. His eldest son is employed with George Pearse, coffee and spice manufacturer, corner of Yonge and Maitland Streets.

J. W. Wonch, general agent, 270 Parliament Street, Toronto, was born in Markham Township, August 10, 1837. His father was John R. Wonch, a native of Prussia, who, with his parents settled on lot 20, Concession 4, in Markham Township, on 1st January, 1794, the said John R. Wonch then being only five years old. The mother of John W. Wonch was Ann Amelia Shoults, who, it is stated, was the first European child born in Little York (now Toronto), she was born, October 20, 1794. There were born to John and Anne Wonch four sons and two daughters, who all lived to years of maturity, the subject of this sketch being the youngest. J. W. Wonch received a common and High School education. Having finished his studies he followed the vocation of a teacher for fourteen years. He then tried farming for two years, when he entered the employment of the Massey Manufacturing Company, with which Company he has been for over twelve years. He married Miss H. M. Verro, daughter of Augustus and Sophia (Reynolds) Verro, of Stouffville, October 22, 1854, by whom he has four daughters and one son. Mr. Wonch has always been a staunch Reformer.

George H. Wright, M.D., M.A., M.B., was born in Brampton, Ontario, 1838. He received his early education at Streetsville, removing afterwards to Victoria College, Cobourg, where he received B.A. in 1862, and M.A. in 1867; in the same year he graduated at Toronto University, M.B., and at once commenced practice in this city, where he has since remained, and succeeded in establishing an excellent connection. He was Demonstrator of Anatomy in the Toronto School of Medicine for twelve sessions, and is at present Assistant Lecturer on Materia Medica and Therapeutics. He is a member of the staff of the Toronto General Hospital, and also the Hospital for Sick Children. He is a lecturer on the Practice of Medicine in the Women’s Medical College, Visiting Physician to the Home of Incurables, was a member of the School Board for eight years, during two of which he filled the position of Chairman, and is at present a member of Toronto Free Library Committee. Dr. Wright married Miss N. Wrong, by whom he has one son, George N. B. In politics he is a Conservative.

PAUL KANE.

[The following sketch was received too late for insertion in its proper order.]

The late Paul Kane, Canadian artist. In the earlier numbers of the new series of the Canadian Journal, several papers on various Indian tribes of the North-West, from the pen of Paul Kane, attracted considerable attention, as the results of travel and personal observation in the remote Hudson’s Bay Territory and beyond the Rocky Mountains. Their author had long been known in Canada as a self-taught artist of great promise, who had devoted himself to the study of the native Indian tribes of British North America; and the contributions to that journal were the first published results of explorations, the fruits of which were afterwards set forth in more comprehensive form in his “Wanderings of an Artist among the Indians of North America,” published by Messrs. Longman & Co., of London, in 1859. His father, Mr. Michael Kane, was originally in the British Army, and served latterly, we believe, in the small force which accompanied Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe when he removed to the selected site of the future capital of Western Canada, in 1794. On his leaving the army, he settled in the newly-founded city, where his son was born in 1810. Toronto was then and long afterwards a very humble little backwoods settlement. The Indians, whose wigwams occupied the cleared ground near the mouth of the Don when Colonel Bouchette made his first survey in 1793, long continued to haunt this favourite spot; while an Indian trail through the partially cleared pine forest to the old French fort and another northward to Holland Landing were the precursors of the long lines of costly stores, hotels and public buildings which now extend for miles along King and Yonge Streets. In the midst of this conflict between the artless rudeness of savage life and the progressive energy of the Anglo-Saxon colonist young Paul grew up from boyhood, with few external influences calculated in the slightest degree to stimulate artistic tastes, or to direct his attention to the study of Indian manners and customs; for the Indian, as seen in his worst debasement, haunting the centres of new civilization, is little calculated to attract the eye of the artist or ethnical observer. Nevertheless, Mr. Kane remarks, in the preface to his “Travels,” when referring to his resolution to devote himself to painting a series of studies of North American scenery and Indian life: “The subject was one in which I felt a deep interest in my boyhood. I had been accustomed to see hundreds of Indians about my native village, then Little York, muddy and dirty, just struggling into existence, now the City of Toronto, bursting forth in all its energy and commercial strength.” The youth of the future artist and traveller was passed amid all the disadvantages pertaining to the infancy of the embryo city. What little education he had was mainly received at the District Grammar School. There also he obtained whatever instruction he received in the art to which he was to devote his life from Mr. Drury, a clever but eccentric teacher of drawing. But his early manifestations of an artistic bias were regarded as the mere purposeless amusements of a boy; and his disinclination for the ordinary trading pursuits, which alone promised profitable occupation in the young settlement, seemed to unappreciative seniors only a further proof of his distaste for the restraints of steady industry. The circumstances of the community were indeed too frequently inimical to the fostering of settled habits among its youth. Dr. Scadding has remarked, when describing the first years of the District Grammar School, that “during the time of the early settlements in this country, the sons of even the most respectable families were brought into contact with semi-barbarous characters. A sporting ramble through the woods, a fishing excursion on the waters, could not be undertaken without communication with Indians and Half-breeds, and bad specimens of the French voyageur. It was from such sources that a certain idea was derived, which, as we remember, was in great vogue among the more fractious of the lads at the school at York. The proposition circulated about, whenever anything went counter to their notions, always was to run away to the Nor'-West. What that process really involved, or what the Nor'-West precisely was, were things vaguely realized. A sort of savage land of Cocaigne, a region of perfect freedom among the Indians, was imagined, and to reach it Lakes Huron and Superior were to be traversed.” In this way young Kane’s mind was early familiarized with the idea of that expedition across the continent, to ocean shores beyond the Rocky Mountains, of which he has left so many memorials by means of his facile pencil and pen. The first industrial pursuits of the boy appear to have been carried on in the employment of Mr. Conger, subsequently Sheriff of Peterborough, but then engaged in the manufacture of household furniture. In this occupation his latent talent found expression in the ornamentation of various pieces of furniture, till he began to be recognized as one whose artistic abilities deserved encouragement. But in his native village no works of art existed to furnish the slightest hint to the aspiring boy, and no teacher could be found to supply adequate instruction. He was thus a purely self-taught artist. Some of his crude efforts at portraiture would probably have amused himself at a later date. But his early patrons were, fortunately, not too critical; and thus he was enabled to overcome the first difficulties of his artistic career, and to save a little money for making an independent start in life. His first scene of artistic labour after leaving Toronto was Cobourg, where portraits of Sheriff and Mrs. Conger, her sister, Mrs. Perry, Sheriff Ruttan, and others of his early patrons were executed. By this means he acquired sufficient funds to enable him to set off for the neighbouring States, there to try his fortune as a portrait painter, in the hope of accumulating the requisite means for the bold project he had already formed of visiting Europe and perfecting himself in his favourite art by studying the works of the great masters. A letter from his father, addressed to him at Detroit, in 1836, speaks of difficulties that “will probably prevent your Italian excursion.” Thereafter he is found, at various dates between that and the year 1841, at Mobile, St. Louis, and other American cities, closing with New Orleans, whence he set sail, in June of the latter year, for Marseilles. The following four years were spent by Paul Kane in some of the great cities of Europe, studying and copying the works of the Italian masters. Unfortunately, a journal which he kept during this period has perished; so that the details of his continental sojourn are no longer recoverable. But we trace him, by means of his passports and other evidence, at Paris, Genoa, Milan, Verona, Venice, Bologna, Florence, Rome and Naples. While in the latter city, he availed himself of an offered passage in a Levantine cruiser, and visited the coasts both of Asia and Africa. He joined a party of Syrian explorers, and was already on his way to Jerusalem, when they were deserted by their Arab guides, and, after being exposed to great danger, were compelled to return to the coast, and abandon the attempt. This failure to accomplish a visit to the most sacred scenes of the ancient historic world was always a subject of mortifying reflection to him. It was on his return from this unsuccessful pilgrimage that he landed on some part of the African shore; and so was able to say, on regaining his Canadian home, that he had been in every quarter of the globe. Mr. Kane brought back with him, as the fruits of his four years’ professional tour, copies of famous pictures in the galleries of Venice, Florence and Rome. His mind had been enlarged by observation, and by intimate intercourse with artists trained in the best schools of Europe. A letter of introduction, given to him by an Irish artist, whose friendship he had acquired while in Rome, is addressed to the Right Rev. Dr. Purcell, Bishop of Cincinnati, in which the latter is urged by no means to miss the opportunity of seeing Mr. Kane’s “admirable copy of Raffaelle’s portrait of Pope Paul II.” He also copied some of the most prized pictures in the Palazzo Pitti, at Florence; and on his return, brought with him well-executed paintings from Raffaelle’s Madonna in the Pitti Palace, and his portrait of Pope Julius II; Leonardo da Vinci’s and Rembrandt’s fine portraits of themselves, in the Florentine gallery; Murillo’s Madonna, in the Orsini Palace at Rome, and other favourite artistic studies; along with a highly finished copy of Busato’s portrait of Pope Gregory XVI. Stewart Watson, a well-known Scottish artist, appears to have been one of his special friends while in Italy. They returned together from Italy to London, and there for a time shared the same lodgings and studio, “at Mr. Martin’s, Russell Street.” Another of his brother artists, and fellow-travellers while in Italy, Mr. Hope James Stewart, thus writes to him from Edinburgh: “After London, this place looks like a dead city, and reminds me much of the way you and I felt the quietness of Rome, after our trip to that noisy and favourite place, Naples.” In 1844, Mr. Kane returned to Canada, with all the prestige of a skilled artist, who by his own unaided energy had overcome every obstacle, and achieved for himself opportunities of studying the works of the great masters in the most famous galleries of Europe. He was now to display the same indomitable energy and self-reliance in widely different scenes. In the preface to his “Wanderings of an Artist among the Indians of North America,” he remarks: “On my return to Canada from the continent of Europe, I determined to devote whatever talents and proficiency I possessed to the painting of a series of pictures illustrative of the North American Indians and scenery.” On applying to Sir George Simpson, the Governor of the Hudson’s Bay Company, and showing him studies of Indians he had already made, Sir George entered cordially into his plan; furnished him with letters of introduction to the chief factors of the Company’s posts, and ordered him a passage in the brigade of canoes which was to start for Lake Superior in the spring of 1846. But before his arrangements could be completed—including all the miscellaneous supplies required for an artistic tour through regions where it would be vain to seek for the most simple appliances of his art—the voyageurs had set out, and he only succeeded in joining them, after much toil and hardship, before the party reached the mountain pass, forty miles above the Hudson’s Bay Fort on the Kaministiquia River, at the head of Lake Superior. Mr. Kane’s romantic experiences and adventures during the next four years are detailed with graphic truthfulness in the volume published by him in 1859. He crossed the continent in canoe and on foot, made his way up the valley of the Saskatchewan, and over the vast prairies beyond it, stretching westward to the Rocky Mountains. Crossing them, he navigated the Columbia River to Oregon, visited and explored Puget’s Sound, Vancouver’s Island, and other regions of the then savage west: which, though now rapidly filling up with European settlers, are described by him as “those wild scenes, amongst which I strayed almost alone, and scarcely meeting a white man, or hearing the sound of my own language.” Everywhere his pencil was busily employed on portraits of chiefs, warriors, and medicine-men of the Indian tribes; and on hunting scenes, games, dances, and other characteristic native rites and customs. He pictured various of the Flathead Indians, of the Cowlitz, Chinook, Newatee, and other tribes; had opportunities of studying the Crees, Blackfeet, Chimpseyabs, Clalams and others, including even the Esquimaux; and was everywhere received among them with mingled respect and apprehension, as a great medicine-man, whose reproduction of their likenesses by his mysterious art was supposed to give him some strange power over them. Among the most striking of the Indian portraits executed by him, is one of Kea-keke-Sacowaw, head chief of the Crees, whom he met when travelling on the Saskatchewan, engaged in raising a war-party against the Blackfeet. He had with him eleven decorated pipe-stems, ten of which were the pledges of as many chiefs engaged to join him in the proposed expedition. On learning that the artist was a great medicine-man, he agreed to exhibit to him the pipe-stems, in the belief that his sketching them would greatly increase their efficiency when opened on the war-path. A pipe-bowl was accordingly filled with tobacco and some aromatic weed; the chief chaunted a war-song; and then inserting one of the stems into the bowl, he lighted it, inhaled the smoke, and blew a long cloud upwards. This was his offering to the Great Spirit, whom he invoked to confer success on their expedition. Another prolonged puff, directed eastward, was followed by an appeal to the earth to produce an abundant supply of roots and buffalo for the coming season. The third was directed to Kane himself, with a request for his influence on their behalf. He had then to smoke all the eleven pipes; and thus enlisted in the cause, the portrait he then painted of the grim old chief, adorned with his war-paint, and holding in his hand his own pipe-stem, decorated with the head and plumage of an eagle, was esteemed a great medicine, calculated to contribute materially to the success of the war-party. At length, after many wild adventures and hair-breadth escapes, Mr. Kane returned to Toronto in 1848 with a valuable portfolio of studies of Indians and scenery of the great North-West. While still at the Saskatchewan he received from Sir George Simpson a commission for a dozen paintings of “buffalo hunts, Indian camps, councils, feasts, conjuring matches, dances, warlike exhibitions, or any other pieces of savage life you may consider to be most attractive or interesting.” Other commissions followed; and in 1851, by a vote of the Legislature of the Province of Canada, he was authorized to execute a series of Indian pictures which now hang in the Parliamentary library at Ottawa. But his most liberal patron was the Hon. G. W. Allan, to whom he subsequently dedicated the narrative of his travels, “as a token of gratitude for the kind and generous interest he has always taken in the author’s labours; as well as a sincere expression of admiration of the liberality with which, as a native Canadian, he is ever ready to foster Canadian talent and enterprise.” In 1853 Mr. Kane married Miss Harriet Clench, of Cobourg, a lady who, among other attractions, had a skill with her pencil and brush akin to his own. Thus happily domesticated with a companion able to sympathize with him in his artistic labours, Mr. Kane devoted himself to the execution of an extensive series of oil paintings, including one hundred pictures of Indian scenes, landscapes, portraits and groups, now in the Hon. G. W. Allan’s collection at Moss Park. There also a very curious collection of Indian implements, weapons, masks, drums, carvings and other specimens of native art, obtained by Mr. Kane, during his travels in the North-West, is now preserved. In 1857 he re-visited Europe, and superintended the execution of the chromo-lithographic illustrations of his travels. On his return to Toronto in the following year, he resumed his pencil, and indulged in the long cherished hope of being able to follow up that volume by a more extensive work, illustrative of the characteristics, habits and tribal peculiarities of the Indians of British North America, and the scenery of the regions they occupy. But soon after his return to Canada his eyesight began to fail, and he had scarcely completed the liberal commission of Mr. Allan, when he was compelled entirely to abandon the favourite art, which till then he had pursued with such energetic zeal in defiance of every impediment. Mr. Kane had, at least in his later years, somewhat of the quiet unimpressible manner of the Indians, among whom he had spent some of the most eventful years of his life. A reviewer in the Athenæum, in noticing the published narrative of his travels, described him as “an American artist, who had studied in Europe, and apparently unites the refinement of the Old World with the Indian energy of the New.” His memory was singularly retentive; and, in spite of his reserved manner, his descriptive powers were great when he could be induced to give them free scope. In the company of those who did not sympathize with his favourite pursuits, his words were few and abrupt; but he was a man of acute observation, and, when questioned by an intelligent inquirer, abounded with curious information in reference to the native tribes among whom he had sojourned. His published narrative is a modest, but interesting and vivid description of novel scenes and incidents of travel; and his career is a creditable instance of the pursuits of a favourite art, by a self-taught artist, in spite of the most discouraging impediments to success.

TOWNSHIP OF YORK (EAST).

HOMAS WINSLOW ANDERSON, retired, was born in the Township of York in 1809, being the son of Cornelius and Mary (Snider) Anderson. His father was born in Scotland, and came to America in 1754, when only two years old, in company with his mother and two brothers. In the year 1776 he joined the British Army under Colonel Allen and served through the whole campaign of the Revolutionary War, in which service he remained until disbanded in New Brunswick. He then came to York County in 1804, accompanied by his wife and family, consisting of nine children. He located on lot 11, concession 1, York Township, where he resided until about 1835. During the War of 1812 he lost a horse which the Government had pressed into service, and it was not until some years afterwards that he received any compensation, and then only to the amount of $13. He died in 1848, aged ninety-six years, leaving a family of twelve children, six sons and six daughters. The subject of this sketch learned the watchmaking business with James McKenzie, with whom he served for four years. In 1832 he began business for himself, and continued it until 1854. In 1835 he married Jane Drummond, daughter of Colin Drummond, a native of Scotland and a member of the first corporation of York, by whom he had ten children. In 1869 he removed to a farm in the Township of York, where he now resides. Mr. Anderson is a Reformer in politics, and a Presbyterian in religion.

W. C. Alison was born at Pickering, Ontario, and came to York County in 1880, having accepted the position of foreman in the saw-mill of Mr. J. H. Taylor, the working capacity of which is twelve thousand feet of lumber per day, and gives employment to fourteen hands.

Joseph Armstrong, lot 3, concession 4, the eldest son of Edward Armstrong of this township, was born in 1837 on the old homestead, where he remained until 1868. He then settled on a farm which had previously been purchased by his father on lot 3, concession 4, containing sixty-two acres, which he has greatly improved and continues to cultivate. In 1861 he married Miss Eliza Porter, of York Township, who died in 1874, leaving six children.

Samuel Arnold, proprietor of the brick works, Doncaster, is a native of Northamptonshire, England, and came to Canada in 1871. He learned his trade in England and afterwards worked about nine years in the English metropolis. On his arrival in Canada he worked for Pears, of Toronto, taking charge of the brick-machine. In 1877 he commenced to manufacture bricks on his own account near his present location. He employs ten hands and turns out about eight hundred thousand bricks per annum.

The Ashbridge Family were originally “Penn Quakers” and emigrated from England before the War of Independence, and settled in Philadelphia. After the close of the war, the father being dead, the mother and two sons, John and Jonathan, came to Canada. This was in 1793, and on arriving at York they stayed the first night in the old French fort, subsequently making their way to what is now known as “Ashbridge’s Bay.” Being U.E. Loyalists they drew land from the Crown and settled on lot 8, concession 1, broken front east of the Don. John and Jonathan participated in the War of 1812 and the Rebellion of 1837-8, and died on the homestead on the shore of the Bay. Isaac Ashbridge, farmer, is the son of Jonathan mentioned above, and was born at the bay, February 17, 1811. When eight years of age he attended school in the old Simcoe house east of the Don, the teacher being Mr. Stark. Isaac remained at home with his parents until he was thirty-two years of age, his father dying two years later, in 1845. He married, in 1850, Ruth Auburn, a native of Northumberland, England. Mr. Ashbridge has been in the York Township Council two years. He is a Reformer in politics and was commissioned a Justice of the Peace, but did not qualify. He is a member of the Methodist Church. Jesse Ashbridge, deceased, youngest brother of Isaac, was born on the old home farm in 1825. He married, in 1864, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Rooney. His death occurred in 1874.

Mark Barker, deceased, was born in Lincolnshire, England, in 1801, and in 1830 came to Canada and located in Little York, and engaged in farming. In 1834 he purchased one hundred acres on lot 5, concession 3, which he cleared and continued to cultivate until his death in 1869. He married Miss Ann Jaffrays, also from Lincolnshire, England, the result of this union being six children, four of whom are living and reside in the county. Mark, the eldest son living, was born on the old farm in 1843, where he has always remained, and which he is now in possession of.

Thomas Beatty, retired, was born in New Brunswick in 1825, being the youngest in a family of five sons and two daughters, born to James and Margaret (Potter) Beatty. His father who was a farmer, came out to Canada in 1824; his mother was a native of Glasgow, Scotland. Both his parents returned to Ireland, where they died. Thomas Beatty came to Toronto in 1840, and worked on Jonathan Ashbridge’s farm for ten years. He then kept the Commercial Hotel on Jarvis Street for four years, and the Prospect Hotel for fourteen years, after which he retired. In 1865 he married Ella Winnett, by whom he had two sons and three daughters. Mr. Beatty is a generous and consistent member of the Methodist Church.

James Bell, deceased, was born in the County Fermanagh, Ireland, in 1814, and at the age of twenty emigrated to Canada and settled in the Township of York. In 1833 he bought eighty acres of land on lots 23 and 24, concession 4, east of Yonge Street, which he cleared, improved and remained on until his death in 1860. He married in 1843 Miss Martha Cherry, by whom he had four children. John, the only surviving son, was born on the old homestead, which is now known as Clydesdale Farm, where he has always remained, and now owns, having added since his father’s death sixty acres on lot 25, concession 4; forty-five acres on lot 23, concession 3, and ninety acres in Markham Township, lot 16, concession 5; owning two hundred and seventy-five acres in all. In 1883 he married Miss Hannah Morgan, daughter of John Morgan, of Scarboro’.

James Best was born in Berkshire, England, in 1807, where he learned the trade of carpenter, which he worked at until coming to Canada in 1850, and which he has also followed since his settlement here. In 1852 he purchased five acres on the Kingston Road, which he has continued to cultivate up to the present time. In 1842 he married Miss Helen Mills, of Surrey, England, by whom he has five children.

Robert Bond, deceased, was born in Suffolk, England, in 1778, where he remained until 1829. He then emigrated to Canada, and first located in the Township of East York. In 1826 he purchased one hundred acres of unenclosed land which he fenced and improved until his death in 1852. Mr. Bond married Miss Mary Palmer, a native of the same place, by whom he had six children. Thomas Bond was born in England in 1817, and came to Canada with his father, and has always remained on the old homestead, which he now owns. In 1854 he married Miss Mary Manning, by whom he had four children, three of whom are living in the county.

Frank Boston was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1847, and came to Canada in the spring of 1869. He has been a resident of Ben Lamond since 1871, and was first in the employment of the Toronto Gravel and Concrete Company as manager, in which capacity he superintended the construction of the tramway. In 1872 he married Miss Maggie Flynn, of Portland, Maine, by whom he had four children. In 1877 he erected a store and boarding establishment on his present location, which was burned down in the beginning of 1884. He now does a large bakery trade.

Thomas Bothan was born in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, in 1809, and in 1836 emigrated to Canada, and first settled near Brampton. In 1874 he purchased fifty acres of land in McGillivray Township, Middlesex County, and afterwards two hundred acres near Mimico Station, which eventually was bought by the Government. In 1872 he purchased his present property containing one hundred acres on lot 12, concession 1, where he continues to reside. In 1833 he married Miss Eliza Stott, who is a native of Yorkshire, England, by whom he has five children, four of whom are living in this county. George, the youngest son was born in 1857, and lives on the old homestead with his father. In 1878 he married Miss Catharine Smith, daughter of William Smith, by whom he has one son.

Joseph Braun, proprietor of the Woodbine Hotel, his occupancy of which commenced with the beginning of 1884, came from England in 1883. The hotel is beautifully situated, and commands a fine view of Toronto and Lake Ontario, and comfortably accommodates upwards of thirty guests. A tram car passes every half hour, by means of which passengers may reach the city in twenty minutes. Mr. Braun is well acquainted with the hotel business, his wife having had charge of four refreshment rooms on the London and North-Western Railway, England.

William H. Brotherston is the only son of William Brotherston, deceased, who was born in Scotland in 1813, and came to Canada in 1832. He settled in Toronto, and engaged in the trade of a blacksmith, his shop being located at the foot of Church Street, where he conducted one of the largest establishments of that kind in the city up to 1879. He married Miss Isabel Murray, of Caithness, Scotland, by whom he had four children, two sons and two daughters, of whom only three are living, one daughter having died. William H. was born in Toronto in 1848, and has always been a resident of the county. Having learned the trade of blacksmith from his father he opened a shop at Little York, where he carries on a general trade including carriage-making. In 1878 he married Miss Emily Newman, of St. Catharines, who died three years afterwards. His second wife was Miss Ellen McGill, daughter of William McGill, of Toronto Township.

James Brown, deceased, was born in Cumberland, England, in 1801. In 1819 he enlisted in the 34th Light Infantry, which came to Canada in 1834, and took part in the Rebellion three years later. In 1843 Mr. Brown received his discharge, and commenced working at his trade of tailor, which he followed until his death. His wife was Amelia Batchelor, to whom he was married in 1823, and who still survives him. James, the youngest son by the marriage, was born in 1846, on the old homestead in Eglinton, which he now owns, and where he still resides. Mr. Brown has held the office of County Constable since 1869. In 1874 he married Miss Lottie Ely, daughter of John Ely, of Ingersoll, by whom he has one son and one daughter.

William Brunskill, proprietor of the Davisville Hotel, was born in York County, his father, John Brunskill, being a native of England who emigrated to Canada at an early day. He settled in Thornhill, and carried on the business of merchant, miller and farmer, to the time of his death, which occurred in 1870. William followed his father’s business of farmer, and in addition ran a line of busses from Eglinton to Toronto, he being the first to commence running on that route. In 1877 he leased and took possession of his present place of business, since purchasing the same, which in his hands loses nothing as a suitable suburban resort.

Thomas Burke, deceased, was born in the County of Wexford, Ireland, in 1780. In 1817 he emigrated to Canada and first located in Perth, Lanark County, where he remained seven years, subsequently coming to York and settling on one hundred acres of land, which he had purchased, together with an additional one hundred acres given him by his father, on lots 3 and 5, concession 3, which he cleared and continued to cultivate until his death in 1841. About the year 1800 he married Miss Ann Wheelock, of County Wexford, Ireland, by whom he had six children, four of whom are living. John, the eldest son, was born in Wexford in 1811, and came to this country with his parents, since which time he has been a resident of York, and owns one hundred acres on lot 2, and one hundred acres on lot 3, concession 2.

Henry Calander, the subject of this sketch, was born in Scarboro’ Township, and has always been a resident of the county. He has been proprietor of the Calander Hotel, Leslieville, for twelve years, previous to which he was engaged in farming at Scarboro’. Mr. Calander is the son of the late John Calander, who came to Canada in 1812. In 1862 he married Miss Jane Weaymouth, of Willmouth, by whom he has seven children. His hotel property has a frontage of one hundred and fifty feet by five hundred feet, and has accommodation for forty guests, and has one of the best stables on the Kingston Road.

George Cooper, deceased, was born in England in 1841. In 1846 he came to Canada, and in 1861 began gardening, purchasing seven acres on Pape’s Avenue, where he remained until his death in 1878, since which time his business has been carried on by his widow. In 1861 he married Miss Catharine Manus, by whom he had seven children.

Richard C. Cosburn is a native of London, England, where he was born in 1834. In 1857 he emigrated to Canada, and first located on Kingston Road, York Township, where he followed the trade of carpenter, also gardener. In 1872 he purchased twelve acres on lot 8, concession 2, which he has very much improved, and at the present time does a considerable trade in market gardening, and growing small fruits. He married in 1857 Miss Louisa Palmer.

George Coulson is the third son of John Coulson, an old resident of this township, and was born on the old homestead in 1850, where he remained until 1878, afterwards settling on lot 3, concession 3, his farm consisting of one hundred acres. In 1878 he married Elizabeth, daughter of Jesse Henry, of Scarboro’, by whom he has two daughters and one son.

George Cudmore, deceased, was born in Devonshire, England, in 1806, and in 1842 emigrated to Canada and took up his residence in the Township of East York, where he remained until his death in 1883. Soon after his arrival he commenced gardening in a small way, subsequently buying a farm on lot 11, concession 3, where he carried on that business until his death. In 1835 he married Miss Eleanor Rudd, of England, by whom he had twelve children, three of whom are living. John Cudmore, the second son, was born in England in 1839, and came to Canada with his parents. In 1860 he purchased a farm on lot 15, concession 2, on which he has carried on a successful gardening business, cultivating upwards of forty acres in vegetables, etc. In 1860 Mr. Cudmore married Miss Elizabeth Brown, daughter of John Brown, of York Township, by whom he had seven children, six of whom are living.

George Digby, harness manufacturer and proprietor of the Coleman Hotel, Little York. Mr. Digby has been engaged in the manufacture of harness in York County for the last twenty years. He was born in Dublin, Ireland, and came to Canada in 1852 and located in Toronto, subsequently removing to Markham, where he stayed fifteen years. He again returned to the city and, after a prolonged residence there, came to his present location in 1884. In 1868 he married Miss Mary Jane Wilson, by whom he has five children.

John Doel, deceased, was born in Wiltshire, England, in 1790, where he remained until 1817. He then determined to seek his fortune in the New World, and accordingly sailed for Philadelphia, U. S., in which city he remained about one year. He then decided to come to Canada, a journey which took him above a month, landing in Little York, November 5, 1818. Soon after his arrival here he engaged in the brewing business on Sherbourne Street, then known as Caroline Street; subsequently conducting his trade on Adelaide and Bay Streets until the burning of his brewery in 1847, when he retired into private life; his death occurred in 1871, his wife following him a year later. From 1825 to 1830 Mr. Doel was the only letter carrier in Little York. He was a Justice of the Peace for many years. In 1815 he married Miss Huntly, of Wiltshire, England, by whom he had six children four of whom are still living, viz., the Rev. John Doel, of Yorkville; Hester Ann, the widow of the late John W. Drummond, J.P.; Elizabeth, widow of the late Rev. William Price, and William Henry. In religion Mr. Doel was an active and prominent member of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. In politics he was a Reformer, and during the troubles of 1837 suffered with many others for his political principles, he having been twice imprisoned during that memorable winter. William Henry Doel was born in Little York in 1827, being the second son of the above. He was educated at Upper Canada College, and served his apprenticeship as an apothecary under Francis Richardson, after which he carried on the drug business both in Toronto and Whitby. On the commencement of the Civil War in the States Mr. Doel entered the service of the United States Government in connection with the Medical Department, and continued until the close of the war, then taking up his residence in Philadelphia, where he remained until 1870. He returned to Toronto and resided in the city two years, afterwards removing to his present residence on Broadview Avenue. In 1852 Mr. Doel married Miss Jane Huntly, of Philadelphia, by whom he has three children living. Mr. Doel has filled various public positions, having been a License Commissioner for East York a number of years. He was President of the Reform Association for his district, and has been a Justice of the Peace since 1877. He was one of the promoters of the Industrial Exhibition Association of Toronto, of which society he has been an active director since its inception.

Doughty Bros., proprietors of brick-yard, Doncaster. This firm is composed of I. H. and R. A. Doughty, natives of Toronto and sons of Richard Doughty, an Englishman by birth, who came to Canada at an early day. During his lifetime he carried on the business of builder and contractor. Previous to 1881 the brothers were engaged in a different business, I. H. following his father’s trade, and R. A. conducting a pork-packing business. The present business was established in 1881, and now employs about ten men, and the annual output is from seven hundred thousand to one million machine stock. They use a Fowmley machine.

John Douglas, deceased, was born in Ireland in 1804 and came to Canada in 1831, and settled in Toronto, where he resided up to the time of his death in 1869. He had six children, four of whom are living. William, the eldest son, was born on York Street, Toronto, in 1834, and remained in the city up to 1855. He then moved to Eglinton and engaged in the carriage business, which he still continues to carry on. In 1855 he married Miss Eliza Gillespie, of Yorkville, by whom he has four children.

David Duncan is the third son of Wm. Duncan, and was born on the old homestead in 1837. In 1864 he settled on a farm which had been previously purchased by his father, being lot 11, concession 3, where he owns two hundred and fifty acres. In 1873 he married Miss Anne Laird, daughter of Hugh and Ellen Laird, by whom he has two sons and one daughter.

Henry Duncan, Reeve of the Township of York, is the eldest son of William Duncan. He was born on the old homestead in 1833, where he remained until twenty-seven years of age, afterwards settling on a farm previously purchased by his father, containing two hundred acres, being lot 10, concession 3, which he has very much improved and still resides on. In 1861 Mr. Duncan married Miss Betsy J. McGinn, daughter of Charles McGinn, who came to the Township of York in 1812. Mr. Duncan’s family consists of six children. He has always taken a deep interest in the affairs of the township and was elected to the Council in 1870, and from 1871 to 1878 was Deputy-Reeve, and in 1879 was elected Reeve, being in the Township Council fourteen years.

Justus Dunn is a native of the State of New Jersey, where he was born in 1813. In 1862 he came to Toronto and first engaged in the wholesale fruit trade, being one of the first engaged in that industry, which he carried on for nine years. He purchased twelve acres on Queen Street East extension, where he engaged largely in the growth of small fruits. In 1836 Mr. Dunn married Miss Barbara Ann Mackie, of Niagara County, New York State, by whom he had seven children, three of whom are living in Canada. Mr. Dunn is now cultivating six acres, growing small fruits.

Thomas Elgie, deceased, was born in Durham, England, in 1816, and emigrated to Canada in 1841, taking up his abode in Toronto. He engaged in farming for about four months, after which he opened the celebrated Bay Horse Hotel, conducting the same for about seven years. He then gave up the hotel business and purchased about two hundred acres of land on lot 15, concession 2, which he improved and cultivated up to the time of his death in 1880. In 1842 he married Miss Elizabeth Cook, who died in 1848, taking for his second wife Miss Elizabeth Beckwith, daughter of George Beckwith, by whom he had ten children, only four of whom are living.

G. Empringham, of Little York, was born in England in 1837, where he remained until 1851, in which year he came to Canada with his father, Wm. Empringham, and settled in the Township of York, where he was engaged in farming until 1881. Since that time he has been engaged in the hotel business. In 1862 he married Miss Mary Ormerod, of Scarborough.

Daniel Fitzgerald, deceased, was born in Waterford, Ireland, in 1804. In 1825 he emigrated to New York State and settled in Cape Vincent, where he remained until 1843. He then came to Canada and settled in the Township of York, on lot 5, concession 2, having purchased one hundred acres of land, on which he lived until his death in 1844. His wife was Rebecca Noble, a native of New York State, by whom he had four children. Joseph, the youngest, was born in New York State in 1839 and came to Toronto with his parents. In 1864 he went to Lambton County, where he stayed until 1871, and returning to York purchased the old homestead, which he now owns. In 1861 he married Miss Catharine Gorman, by whom he has ten children. Lewis F., the eldest son of Daniel Fitzgerald, was born in 1837 in the State of New York, and came to Canada with his father and lived on the old homestead. He purchased fifteen acres on lot 8, concession 2, to which he has since added ten acres, which is devoted to gardening and fruit growing. In 1856 he married Miss Ellen Daily, of York Township, by whom he has eight children.

William Gallow, deceased, was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1807, and in 1857 emigrated to Canada, settling in Toronto, where he engaged in gardening, which industry he has continuously carried on. In 1861 he purchased a farm on the Don and Danforth Road, which he cleared and cultivated, doing the largest gardening business in the district, until the time of his death, which occurred January 8, 1885. In 1833 he married Miss Grace Reid, by whom he had nine children, six of whom are living.

Robert Goodings, proprietor of brick-yard, Doncaster, was born at Windermere, a village in the Lake District of England, being on the shores of a romantically situated lake from which the village takes its name. He came to Canada in 1873, and having previously learned brick-making he followed the same occupation on his arrival here. In 1870 he commenced on his own account at his present location, where he does an extensive trade, manufacturing between eight hundred thousand and one million bricks annually and employs from eight to ten workmen.

Alexander Gray was born in Scotland in 1804 and came to Canada in 1820, locating with his brothers William and James on lot 19, concession 3, where they erected a grist and saw-mills, the property now belonging to the subject of this sketch. Mr. Gray married, in 1835, Miss Marion McLean, daughter of John McLean, of Wellington County, who died during 1883, leaving a family of six children. James Gray, the only son of James, deceased brother of Alexander Gray, was born on the old homestead and now owns the west half of lot 9.

Thomas S. Gray, the eldest son of Alexander Gray, was born on the old homestead in 1836. In 1863 he settled on lot 10, concession 2, where he has eighty-six acres. In 1873 he married Miss Mary N. Bonoby, by whom he has four children.

William Gray was born in Renfrewshire, Scotland, in 1802, and in 1823 emigrated to Canada, and in conjunction with his brother located on lot 9, concession 3, Township of York, erecting thereon a saw and grist-mill. Since 1854 Mr. Gray has had exclusive control of the grist-mill property, where he still carries on a good custom trade. In 1840 Mr. Gray married Miss Phœbe Street, a daughter of Timothy Street; she died in 1878, leaving six sons and four daughters.

R. Greenwood, fruit-grower, Kingston Road, is a native of England and came to Canada in 1874. He has now under cultivation some thirty acres of land devoted to the growth of strawberries, raspberries, apples, currants and other fruits, all of which find a ready sale in the Toronto market.

Hallat Brothers, glue and oil manufacturers, Doncaster. This firm consists of Vincent and J. S. Hallat, who are the sons of Joseph E. Hallat, a native of Cornwall, England, who emigrated to Canada in 1851, and was engaged in the wool business for many years. Messrs. Hallat Brothers built their extensive manufactory in 1879-80; the dimensions of the main building being 42 x 22 feet and four storeys high, with the annexes—one of two storeys, 36 x 16 feet; one of one storey, 72 x 14 feet; one of two storeys, 42 x 60 feet, and boiler-room, 30 x 12 feet, with an engine fifteen horse-power, the boilers having a capacity of fifty horse-power. The business turn-over is annually from fifty thousand to sixty thousand dollars.

W. Harris & Co. This firm is composed of William and John B. Harris, who established their business in 1870 on Kingston Road, afterwards removing to Pape’s Avenue, where they are now engaged in the manufacture of sausage and bologna casings, fertilizers and fertilizer materials, animal oils, etc. They also do an extensive trade as stock dealers, handling horses, cattle, milch cows, hogs, etc. William Harris was born in England in 1848 and came to Canada in 1870. John B. was born in 1856 and came to Canada in 1872, and was engaged in business in London, Ontario, until 1882.

William Harrison, deceased, was born in Nova Scotia in 1784, and came to Canada and settled in the County of York in 1797. He took up lots 12 and 13, concession 2, East York, consisting of three hundred acres, which he partially cleared before his death, in 1838. In 1813 he married Miss Elizabeth Wright, daughter of Archibald Wright, of this township, by whom he had eleven children, seven of whom are yet living. In the War of 1812 Mr. Harrison took a prominent part, and received a medal for services rendered at Queenston Heights. William Harrison, the third son of the above, was born on the old homestead in 1820, where he has always remained; he now owns one hundred acres on lot 13, fifty acres on lot 12 and sixty on lot 11. In 1848 he married Miss Susan Brooks, daughter of Edward Brooks, of Scarboro’ Township, by whom he has four children. Christopher, the youngest son of William Harrison, deceased, was born on the old homestead in 1829, where he has continued to live and of which he now owns two hundred acres. In 1860 he married Miss Catharine, daughter of Thomas Shepherd, by whom he has six children.

Thomas Hastings, retired, was born in the Township of Whitchurch in 1808. His father, Nathaniel Hastings, came from Massachusetts in 1796. He drew two hundred acres of land at Hogg’s Hollow, but finally settled on Yonge Street, in Whitchurch Township, on a farm of two hundred acres, where Thomas was born. He afterwards removed to lot 10, concession 1 from the bay, Township of York, where he died in 1833, leaving a family of twelve children, of whom four are now living. He served in the War of 1812 and was taken prisoner at the capitulation of York. Thomas Hastings’ mother was a Miss Webster, of English descent; she died in 1847. The subject of this sketch learned the trade of an axe-maker in Toronto, serving three years. He afterwards worked in Rochester, New York, for one year, at the end of which time he returned to Canada and engaged in business for himself at Cobourg. In 1832 he commenced farming in the Township of York. He next went to Orleans County, New York, where he engaged in farming for four years, and to Cleveland, where for six years he worked at his trade. In 1847 he returned to Canada and settled in the Township of York. In 1834 Mr. Hastings was married to Elizabeth, second daughter of John Becket. He has one son now living in Toronto and engaged in the brewing business.

Thomas Helliwell, deceased, was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1796, and emigrated to Canada in 1818, first settling near Niagara Falls, and coming to Toronto two years later. He engaged in the brewing and milling business on the Don at Todmorden, afterwards devoting his time to improving his property in that section. He died in 1862. Mr. Helliwell married Miss Mary Wilson, who died in 1832. He married a second time, his wife being Miss Ann Ashworth, of Lincolnshire, England. He had six children by his first wife, and seven by his second. W. P. Helliwell, the youngest son of his first wife, was born in Toronto in 1831, and has continued a resident of the county. In 1866 Mr. Helliwell removed to his present home on lot 12, concession 2, where he has been largely engaged in farming. In 1865 he married Miss Sophia Wood, by whom he had nine children.

Samuel Hill, farmer, was born in the County of Wexford, Ireland, in 1815. His parents were John and Ann (Wright) Hill. In 1840 having learned the trade of a tanner and currier, he came to Canada and located at St. David’s, near Niagara, where he worked at his trade. In the following year he came to Toronto and worked at Smith’s tannery; he afterwards carried on a tanning business for himself, finally giving it up to engage in farming on lot 2, concession 1, York Township. He has also been largely interested in the ice business, having been proprietor of the Ontario Ice Company for several years. In 1850, he married a daughter of John Ashbridge, who settled near the bay, which now bears his name, in 1794. In religion Mr. Hill is an active member of the Methodist Church; in politics he is a Conservative.

John Hogg, deceased, was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1795, and in 1835 emigrated to Canada and located on lot 7, concession 3, East York, where he purchased fifty acres of bush land, subsequently adding fifty acres more, on which he lived until his death in 1879. In 1820 he married Miss Janet Hogg, of Scotland, by whom he had eleven children, six of whom are still living. Robert, the youngest but one, was born on Yonge Street in 1835, and has always lived on the old homestead, half of which he now owns. In 1866 he married Miss Margaret Thompson Young, daughter of James Young, by whom he has nine children.

Thomas Humberstone, sen’r, deceased, was the only child of Samuel Humberstone, an Englishman, who learned his trade, the manufacture of pottery, in Staffordshire, and came to America with his wife, and settled in the British Province of Pennsylvia, now called Pennsylvania, where their son, Thomas, was born in 1766, at Philadelphia. After the war by which the Americans gained their Independence they, with other U. E. Loyalists, left the United States and came to Montreal, where they resided for some time, having received a grant of one thousand acres of land for services rendered to the British during the American Revolution. Subsequently they removed to Swagorche, near Brockville, on the St. Lawrence, where the father carried on the manufacture of pottery, Thomas acquiring a knowledge of the trade. In 1798 he came to York, and located on lot 14, west of Yonge Street, taking up two hundred acres of land, which he cleared and fenced, erecting a pottery thereon, the first of its kind in York County. In 1800 he married Miss Harrison, by whom he had ten children, one of whom met with a tragical death. The following is an extract from the paper published at that time:—“Died, on Saturday, 22nd February, 1822, Elizabeth Humberstone, aged fifteen years, from the effects of a mortal wound received by using an old gun-barrel to turn the back-log in the house of her uncle, Francis Lee, at Talbot Settlement, in the Township of Oxford.” It was an old gun-barrel found in the field, the wood having rotted away. For his services in the War of 1812, he drew a pension, a captain’s half-pay, also five hundred acres of land in Tecumseth, when Sir Peregrine Maitland, K.C.B., was Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada, and he also received a medal in memory of the capture of Detroit. He belonged to the Third Regiment of Incorporated Militia, and was taken prisoner of war by the Americans and sent to Greenbush, October 11, 1813, where he was let out on parole until exchanged after being kept as hostage. He served under General Brock, and when the latter fell mortally wounded at the Battle of Queenston Heights, he helped to carry him off the battle field, and the General’s words to the others were “If I die, remember Humberstone, remember Humberstone.” He was a Freemason, and helped to build the first Masonic Hall in Toronto. Morgan and his wife boarded at his house when they first came to Canada. Some time after leaving there Morgan published an exposition of Freemasonry. Mr. Humberstone, sen’r, died in 1849, on lot 24, West York, aged seventy-three years. Thomas Humberstone, jun’r, the second son of the above, was born in 1811, on the old homestead, where he remained until 1833, following the same trade as his father and grandfather, subsequently carrying on a pottery at York Mills. He then returned to the northern part of the township and established a pottery, which, with the house and barn, was reduced to ashes by fire; he rebuilt, suffered from fire again, rebuilt a second time; moved to the other side of Yonge Street, and built again, which was also destroyed by fire, again he rebuilt and continued in the business until he retired in favour of his second son, Simon Thomas, who now carries on the trade of his forefathers, having erected a large pottery on the site of the place where his father was first burnt out. There was no insurance whatever on any of the buildings that were destroyed by fire. After various properties passing through his hands, he moved to lot 8, East York, where he is now engaged in farming. On the 1st January, 1835, he was married by the Rev. Mr. Jenkins, Markham, to Miss Sarah Wilson, second daughter of John Wilson, of Markham Township, formerly of Tyrone, Ireland, by whom he has eight children. Two of his children are in the North-West, one died in the States, the other five are at present in York County. Last New Year’s day, 1885, was the fiftieth anniversary of his wedded life.

James Hunter, deceased, was born in Ireland, 1790, and in 1815 emigrated to New York, where he stayed two years previous to taking up his residence in this city. He was a tailor by trade, and conducted a merchant tailoring establishment on Yonge Street up to 1835. He then purchased three hundred acres of land on lots 11, 12 and 13, concession 3, and carried on a general lumbering business up to the time of his death, in 1876. He married Miss Mary Nail, of England, who died in 1844, leaving a family of eight children, five of whom are still living. Alexander, the second son, was born in Toronto in 1824, and early learned the trade of a carpenter, and for many years carried on a building business in that city. He retired in 1865, and now lives on the old homestead. He married Margaret Elliott, of York, by whom he has three children. Edward was born on the old homestead in 1826, and carried on the lumbering business established by his father.

Robert Archibald Hunter was born in Scotland in 1833, and in 1852 emigrated to the United States, remaining there two years, afterwards coming to Canada and locating in the Township of Scarboro’, where he engaged in farming. In 1857 he purchased twenty-five acres on lot 2, concession 4, East York, to which he subsequently added another fifty acres, his farm being one of the finest in the township. In 1880 he bought one hundred acres in the Township of Scarboro’, which he still owns and which is attended to by his son. In 1855 he married Maria, daughter of Mark Parker, by whom he has eight children.

Joshua Ingham was born in Lancashire, England, in 1833, where he remained until 1862. He then emigrated to Canada and settled in Toronto, where he has since been a resident. He first opened a market on Yonge Street, which he continued for a short time, after which he engaged in buying and exporting largely both cattle and sheep. He was one of the well-known firm of Crawford & Company, cattle dealers, looking after the company’s interests in England, and doing all the receiving and selling of stock. This firm exported over six hundred head of cattle monthly. In 1855 Mr. Ingham married Miss Harriet Axon, of Cheshire, England, by whom he had seven children. Mr. Ingham resides on the Don Mill Road, Chester Village.

William Jackes, Eglinton, was born in little York in 1827. His parents (Franklin Jackes and Catharine Gibson) came from England in 1824, and were married the following year. Franklin Jackes, who was a baker by trade, carried on his business in York until 1836, when he removed to Eglinton where he died in 1852, aged forty-eight years. His mother is still living and is seventy-seven years of age. Mr. Jackes, sen’r, was one of the Aldermen of Toronto, and after he removed to Eglinton became Reeve of York Township and Warden of the county. He was commissioned a Justice of the Peace in 1837. William Jackes spent his early life in Toronto, and in 1835 went to Eglinton with his father. He now owns the farm, lot 2, concession 1, which his father purchased. He was for some years a member of the Township Council, and is now Treasurer of the Township. In 1869 he was commissioned a magistrate. He is also a member of the Agricultural Society. In politics he is a Reformer. Mr. Jackes was married in 1857 to Henrietta, daughter of Robert Jones.

Hugh Laird, deceased, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1803 and when eleven years of age came to Canada with his father. The latter settled in Halton County and Hugh, the subject of this sketch, came to York where he lived with Mr. Alexander Milne for some time. In 1835 he bought one hundred acres of land on lot 7, concession 2, which he cleared, fenced and continued to cultivate until his death in 1884. He married Miss Milne, daughter of Alexander Milne, his former employer, by whom he had six children. Hugh Laird, the only son, was born in 1844, and now has possession of the old homestead.

T. Lambert is a native of Yorkshire, England, and was born in 1840, emigrating to Canada in 1872, and was first employed by Jacques & Hay, with whom he stayed three years. He then purchased five acres on lot 5, concession 2, where he erected a dwelling and hot houses, and has gone largely into market gardening and the growth of small fruits. In 1861 he married Miss Mary Farrar Boyes, by whom he has six children.

Robert Lawrence was born in Gloucestershire, England, in 1814, and in 1854 emigrated to Canada, and settled in the Township of York. In 1868 he purchased his present home on lot 18, concession 3, where he is largely engaged in market-gardening. In 1844 he married Miss Mary Case Townsend, Gloucestershire, England, by whom he had twelve children, six of whom are living.

John Lea, the subject of this sketch, was the second son of John Lea, deceased, who came to Canada in 1818, and took up two hundred acres of land on lot 13, concession 3. He was born in 1823, and has always remained on the old homestead, of which he owns a part, owning one hundred and ten acres on lot 12 and fifty acres on lot 24, his farm containing in all one hundred and eighty acres, devoted principally to farming, stock-raising and fruit-growing. In 1870 Mr. Lea married Miss Mary, daughter of James Charles, who was a long time engaged in the wholesale dry goods in Toronto; he has two sons and one daughter.

WILLIAM LEA.

William Lea, the subject of this sketch, was born in Lancashire, England, on the 28th of May, in the year 1814, and came to America with his father and mother in 1818. John Lea, his father, was born in Lancashire in 1773; Mary, his mother, was born in Cumberland. They sailed from Liverpool in the spring of 1818, in a barque commanded by one Captain Birkett, and after tossing about on the Atlantic three months arrived in Philadelphia, where they remained only a short time; then travelled in a stage coach over the Alleghany mountains to Pittsburg, where they remained a year. Not liking the country or people of the United States, the father went to Canada in search of a suitable place to settle in. William, with his mother, coming on to Niagara, travelled along the shore of Lake Erie, crossed the Niagara River at Black Rock and on past the Falls, the sound of which he remembered hearing. The first thing that gave his mother courage was seeing the British soldiers in their scarlet uniforms at Niagara, which was in 1819. When his father had found a place to his liking, in the Township of York, he informed his wife of his purchase of lot 13, concession 3 from the bay. She, with her son, crossed Lake Ontario in a schooner belonging to one Garside (the only steamboat at that time being the Frontenac), and on arriving at York they went to the farm, which consisted of a small log-house and a few acres cleared, the rest of the two hundred acre lot being heavily timbered. In the course of time they bought cows and kept a dairy, and planted an orchard. In 1829 his father built a brick-house, the only one then in the township, in which his brother, John Lea, now lives. John Lea, sen’r, died December, 1854, aged eighty-one years. He left his son William ninety acres of the old homestead, and John one hundred and ten, including the house, orchard and all the out-buildings. William, in 1841, purchased part of lot 12, concession 3 from the bay, containing one hundred and thirty acres, on which he and his family reside. In 1841 he married Mary Ann, second daughter of James Taylor, from Tadington, Derbyshire, England, by whom he had two daughters, both dying in infancy. Their mother soon followed, dying within three years of her marriage. In 1848 he married Elizabeth, the eldest daughter of Charles Kendrick Davids, a gentleman from Dartford, Kent, England, by whom he had three sons and four daughters, who are all living; their mother died in 1867. In 1870 he married his present wife, Sophia, relict of John Samuel Blogg, of Canterbury, England, and fourth daughter of Charles Kendrick Davids, of Dartford, Kent, England, now deceased. He, with two of his sons, carries on farming, fruit-growing and farm gardening. In 1850 he was elected to the office of Township Councillor in the place of John Eastwood, who died during the latter part of that year. He held the office for seven successive years thereafter. During the administration of Government by Lord Elgin he was appointed a Justice of the Peace, which position he still holds, having been reappointed as each commission was issued. He also wrote (being a member of the York Pioneers Society) a history of the early settlement of the River Don, with the business and milling industries carried on up to the present time, extracts from which appear in the first volume of this work.

GEORGE LESLIE.

George Leslie, of Leslieville. William Leslie, the father of our subject, was of Scottish origin, his birth-place and that of his family being in the Parish of Roquart, Sutherlandshire, Scotland. He was reared upon a farm, and when a young man joined the Rothshire Militia, and served in the County of Tyrone, Ireland, where he married Catharine, eldest daughter of James Beatty, and sister of the Rev. John Beatty, of Cobourg. After his regiment was disbanded he returned home and engaged in agricultural pursuits until October, 1826, when he emigrated to Canada with a family of eight children, and joined the Rev. John Beatty at Streetsville. He settled upon two hundred acres, lot 14, concession 12, of York Township, a portion of which he cleared and improved. In 1837 he commanded a company of York Militia, and served during the campaign. Many years later he drew a pension from the Crown for his services in Ireland. He died in 1877 at Streetsville, leaving a family of eight children. He was a strong Conservative in politics. George Leslie, of Leslieville, was the second son in his father’s family. He was born in Sutherlandshire in 1804, and was twenty-one years of age when he left home and came to York, where he entered the service of the late Hon. George Crookshanks, Commissary General. He remained with him one season, and then for several years acted in the capacity of gardener and florist to the Hon. William Allen, and the Hon. John Henry Dunne, Receiver General. In 1830 he purchased from the Rev. James Beatty, at Streetsville, the old homestead previously occupied by his father, a portion of which he cleared and improved. In 1837 he removed to Toronto, and took up his residence in an old frame house on King Street East, it being the place where he and Caroline, eldest daughter of Calvin Davis, passed the first nine years of their wedded life, which began in 1836. He soon after established himself in business as a grocer and seed merchant. His first stock of seeds was brought from London, England. Seven years later he transferred his business to the corner of Yonge and Colborne Streets, upon the present site of the Bank of Commerce, where he remained until 1845, when the city purchased the property for $5,000. He then leased from Mr. Charles Small twenty acres of land east of the Don, for a period of twenty-one years; he purchased the land two years later, and, by subsequent purchases, added to it until he now has two hundred acres in a good state of cultivation. Upon this land he began business as a nurseryman, florist, and gardener. The business has increased rapidly until his nursery is now the largest in the Dominion. A portion of his land was surveyed into lots and sold to settlers, thus forming the nucleus of a village. In 1851 he was commissioned Post-master of Leslieville Post-office, which office he still holds. Two years later he was commissioned a magistrate by the Hon. Robert Baldwin, the duties of which office he has ever since discharged with fidelity. When the first fire company was formed in York he became a member. Our subject is at the present time one of the oldest horticulturists in the Dominion, and has been an active member of the Agricultural Society for many years. Although a strong Reformer, he has never neglected his business to engage in political strife. He has two sons and two daughters. His eldest daughter, Caroline, married the eldest son of the Rev. Dr. Jennings, now in charge of the Bank of Commerce at Paris. His second daughter, Esther, married Alexander McDonald Allan, son of the Rev. Mr. Allan, of Goderich, who formerly published the Signal at that place. The eldest son, George, is in partnership with his father in the nursery business, and also a magistrate and Commissioner for taking Affidavits. He has been Reeve for the Township of York for five years, and represented St. Lawrence Ward in the City Council for two years. John Knox, the second son, is Clerk of the Township of York, and resides at Eglinton.

James Lesslie. The events embodied in that portion of Canadian history which occupied the period immediately preceding, and that which followed, the Rebellion of 1837-8 had the effect of bringing many men into publicity who, but for the extreme display of faction which those events created, would most likely have desired to keep aloof from public affairs. To this class of men the subject of this brief memoir belonged, and having in early life formed an intimate acquaintance with the leader of that Rebellion, it would be strange indeed if he had failed to imbibe some of the strong political principles that lay then undeveloped in the mind of William Lyon Mackenzie. James Lesslie was born at Dundee, Scotland, in 1802, being the son of Edward and Grace (Watson) Lesslie. His father was a bookseller and stationer, and being what is known as well-provisioned in life gave his family a good education, of which, as results proved, James took no small advantage. In the year 1820 Mr. Lesslie, sen’r, decided on emigration, and chartered a vessel which was to convey himself and large family, numbering twelve souls in all, together with household effects and his goods, to the New World. Owing to the illness of the mother, however, they were detained some months; but, in the meantime, the second eldest son, John, in company with William Lyon Mackenzie—who had previously been in the employ of Mr. Lesslie, sen’r, as book-keeper—sailed for Canada, and by the time the remainder of the family arrived, he was already engaged in business in York, now Toronto. After a prolonged voyage of seventy days James, with a younger brother and sister, arrived at Kingston, where he remained. The rest of the family came out next year, going forward to York. Our subject commenced business in Kingston in the book and stationery line, which he conducted there for four years, removing from thence to York, John going to Dundas, where a branch of the business was opened. This was in 1826, and in 1833 the firm, Lesslie & Sons, purchased property near the locality of the Globe office, and thereon erected their business premises. The causes which contributed to the Rebellion were at this time shaping themselves, and thinking men admitted the approach of a great crisis. Mr. Lesslie’s sympathies were undoubtedly with the Reformers, though no evidence is apparent that he gave any active assistance to the rebels; but this fact did not prevent him from being subjected to persecution by the parties in power during the week of the Rebellion. His premises were taken possession of by the Government, and he himself arrested and imprisoned, with his brother William. They were released after an incarceration of a fortnight and enabled to return to their business. A few weeks after William, going on business by stage to Montreal, was again arrested and imprisoned in Kingston Jail without any charge against him and treated as a criminal for about ten days. About the period of the arrival of Lord Durham as Governor-General, the publication of the Examiner commenced by Sir Francis Hincks, which afterwards came into the hands of Mr. Lesslie in 1844, and was conducted by him for ten years, until the settlement of the question of the Clergy Reserves. He was also connected with the Peoples’ Bank—the first Bank on the Scotch principle in Upper Canada—and for five years held the position of President. He was commissioned a Justice of the Peace, and was an Alderman of the first City Council. In 1858 he retired from business, and took up his residence at his rural retreat in Eglinton, and now, in his eighty-second year, he devotes his well-earned leisure to books and the management of a small farm.

James Long, deceased, was born in the County Armagh, Ireland, in 1809, and when ten years of age came to Canada with his father. Some years later he bought land on lot 19, concession 4, which he improved and cultivated until his death in 1871. A few years before his death he added one hundred and twenty-five acres on lots 18 and 20, concession 4. He married Miss Harriet Hough, by whom he had eight children. George H., the youngest son, was born on the homestead in 1840, which he now owns. He married in 1875 Miss Hannah Haron, daughter of Robert Haron, of Scarboro’, by whom he has six children.

John McLatchie was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1848. In 1858 he went to Ireland, and remained some years, then emigrated to Canada, and first located in the Township of Scarboro’, where he worked at his trade of blacksmith for two years. He afterwards came to Toronto where he has resided ever since. In 1879 he purchased his present property in Leslieville where he carries on a large carriage-making and blacksmith business, his buildings occupying sixty-five feet by five hundred feet in depth.

Thomas Mercer, deceased, was born in County Down, Ireland, in 1744, and came to the United States at an early day. He settled in Philadelphia, where he remained until 1793, and then coming to Canada, he, in 1796, took up two hundred acres of land on lot 10, concession 1, East York. The journey from Philadelphia was made overland, Mr. Mercer bringing with him a cow from his old settlement. He remained on his farm in York until his death in 1829. He married Susan Jordan, of Hillsborough, County Down, Ireland, the union resulting in seven children. Thomas, his second son, was born in Philadelphia in 1792, and came with his parents to Canada, always remaining on the old farm, which he cleared and considerably improved. He died in 1873. His wife was Catharine, daughter of John O’Reilly, of Drummondsville, near Niagara, who died in 1868, leaving five children. Thomas Hamilton, the eldest son, was born on the old homestead in 1822, where he has always resided, and which he now owns, and to which he has since added fifty acres. In 1863 he married Jane, daughter of William Graham, who came from Nova Scotia to Ontario in 1853. They had six children, five of whom are now living, viz.: Minnie A., Ada S., Alfred E. E., Bertha E. M., Wilfred H. O.

John Mills was born in Lincolnshire, England, in 1825, and emigrated to Canada in 1848. He first settled in Thornhill, where he remained two years, subsequently removing to Toronto, and, taking charge of the Clyde Hotel, conducted that establishment from 1856 to 1878. After giving up the hotel business, he went to his farm known as the Clyde Cottage, on the Don and Danforth Road, where he cultivated one hundred acres of land. In 1854 he married Mrs. Arnitt, a widow, who died four years later. He married again, his second wife being Priscilla, daughter of George Lambert, by whom he had eleven children, nine still living.

Alexander Milne, deceased, was born in Forfarshire, Scotland, in 1777, and on emigrating to the United States in 1801 settled at Oyster Bay, Long Island, where he followed weaving, having at one time ten handlooms in operation, from which place the family removed to Dutchess County, N.Y., where he had taken charge of a woollen mill, and in 1813 moved to New Jersey, and engaged in the cotton-bleaching business, having got out a patent for that process. He remained there four years, and on the recommendation of the British Consul at New York he came to Canada 1817, locating on the east half of lot 5, concession 2, East York, where he took up five hundred acres of land. He erected a saw-mill in 1827, which he carried on for five years, but for want of power, he afterwards built another saw-mill on the east branch of the River Don in 1832, which was in successful operation until after his death in 1877. In 1800 he married Miss Jane Gibson, also a native of Forfarshire, Scotland, who died in 1835 leaving seven children. Mr. Milne again married, his second wife being Mrs. Ann Kirk. William Milne, his eldest son, was born in Scotland in 1801, and always assisted his father to carry on the business; his wife was Jane Weatherstone, a native of Berwick-on-Tweed, by whom he had five sons and four daughters, eight of whom are now living. Alexander W. Milne, the eldest son of William Milne, was born on the old homestead in 1837, and was always interested in the business established by his grandfather, after whose death he, in company with his father, erected a large brick woollen mill on the same site, and adopted more improved machinery. Mr. William Milne’s death, which occurred in 1881, left the business in the hands of his son Alexander W. Milne, who is engaged in the business at this time. He was married in 1867 to Miss Harriet Margaret Heron, daughter of Richard Heron, by whom he has three sons and one daughter.

Joseph H. Mitchell is a native of London, England, where he was born in 1822. He early came to Canada, and for thirty-two years was foreman of a department in the establishment of Hay & Co. In 1859 he purchased five acres on lot 9, on which he grows fruit of every description. In 1850 he married Elizabeth Spence, sister of the Hon. Robert Spence, ex-Postmaster-General.

Thomas Mitchell is a native of Devonshire, England, where he was born in 1822, and emigrating to Canada in 1849, located first in London, Middlesex County, where he was employed by Judge Allen. The Judge removing to Toronto after Mr. Mitchell had been in his service six months, he removed with him and continued in his employment for three years. He subsequently engaged with Mr. John Cull, as foreman in the Starch Factory, with whom he remained eight years. He then began business for himself as grocer on Kingston Road, and built the first brick store east of the Don (1858). This was on the corner of Kingston Road and Scadding Street, and was known as “Mitchell’s Corner.” In 1861 he purchased a lot on Market Square, Barrie, Ontario, and built thereon the Victoria Hotel, which he afterwards sold. In 1871 Mr. Mitchell retired from business which is now carried on by his son. He purchased a private residence known as Rose Lawn, in St. Matthew’s Ward, where he now lives in ease and comfort. Mr. Mitchell married in 1852 Miss Mary Ann Joslin, of Devonshire, England, by whom he has one son and four daughters. Once only since leaving it has Mr. Mitchell revisited his beautiful native county which, with pardonable pride, he maintains is the “Garden of the World.” This trip he made in 1874.

John Myers, deceased, was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1807, and in 1830 emigrated to Canada, locating in the Township of East York, on lot 21, concession 4, which was then bush; this he cleared, fenced and made his home until his death in 1868. Mr. Myers also worked at his trade of shoemaking. He married Miss Jane Hopper, a native of Yorkshire, England, by whom he had thirteen children, four of whom are now living. Robert, the youngest son, resides in the county. He was born on the old homestead, which he now owns. In 1877 he married Miss Caroline, daughter of Robert Heron of Scarboro’, the issue of this union being three daughters.

Frank Nicholson, deceased, was born on the old homestead in 1850, and is the son of John Nicholson, deceased. He remained at home up to the time of his death in 1882, carrying on the same business as his father before him, viz.: fruits and gardening. In 1837 he married Miss Susan Felstend, of the same township, by whom he had five children.

George Nicholson, the youngest son of John Nicholson, deceased, was born on the old homestead in 1841. He has always resided in the township, and has been engaged in gardening on his own account for the past ten years. He owns sixty acres and cultivates ten acres. In 1874 he married Miss Elizabeth Collins, of Don Mills, by whom he has three children.

John Nicholson, deceased, is a native of Sheffield, England, where he was born in 1810. When ten years of age he came to Canada, and engaged in gardening, and subsequently taking up ten acres on Pape’s Avenue, which he cleared and otherwise improved, he lived there until his death in 1866. He married Miss Mary Hartley, also a native of Sheffield, by whom he had six children, three of whom are yet living. John, the eldest son, was born in Toronto in 1843. He remained at home on his father’s place until he reached his twenty-first year, after which he engaged in gardening on his own account, and has always continued in that industry, cultivating at present eleven acres. In 1864 he married Miss Caroline Cooper, who died in 1877, leaving four children. He married again, his second wife being Miss Hannah E. Lester, who died in 1879. He then married a third time, on this occasion to Elizabeth Bolton, by whom he has one child.

James Pape is the second son of Joseph Pape, who came to Canada at an early day. He was born in Toronto in 1845, and has always continued a resident in or near the city, and is at present engaged in business as a florist at No. 12 Carlaw Avenue, his premises and land having a frontage of eight hundred and fifty feet by one hundred and thirty-five feet. He proposes extending his greenhouse arrangements, which will necessitate the using of about ten thousand square feet of glass. Mr. Pape was a representative of St. Lawrence Ward in the City Council, and occupied that position two years. He married in 1856 Miss Agnes Patterson, by whom he has seven children.

George Philips was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1856. He emigrated to Canada in 1876, and settled in Toronto, remaining in the city until 1884, when he removed east of the Don, having under cultivation for fruit-growing twenty acres of land. Mr. Philips is married and has a family of three children.

Henry Philips, proprietor of the Brick Works, Doncaster, was born in Rochester, Kent, England, and coming to Canada in 1872, worked at his trade up to 1875, after which he started the manufacture of bricks at Rosedale, continuing one year. He then commenced near his present location, his yard giving employment to about ten hands, with a yearly out-put of six hundred thousand to eight hundred thousand.

Jonathan Preston was born in England in 1826. He came to Canada in 1857, and located first in Halton County, where he stayed about six years, afterwards coming to York and locating on lot 11, East York, where he remained about eight years. He then purchased thirty-four acres on lot 7, concession 2 from the Bay, and in 1874 moved on to lot 6, where he has since resided. Of late years he has been engaged in the milk business, which he still carries on. In 1849 he married Miss Sarah H. Wilson, a native of England.

George Robson was born at Lockington, Yorkshire, England, in 1826. In 1847 he emigrated to Canada and located in York Township, where he engaged in farming up to 1877, since which time he has been living retired at Eglinton. In 1853 he married Miss Elizabeth White, of York Township.

J. McCrae Ross was born in Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1800, being the eldest in a family of two sons and two daughters. His father, Andrew Ross, married a Miss McCrae. Both parents died in Scotland. His only brother was a great botanist; he visited the mountains of Siberia, being sent there by the managers of the Botanical Gardens, London, England; while there he contracted a disease of which he died on his return to Scotland. Mr. Ross came to Canada in 1833, and remained for one year at Picton. Then, having learned engineering in Scotland, he superintended the construction of the first railroad in Nova Scotia. In 1846 he settled in Toronto. For a year he was clerk in the office of John Eastwood, a publisher. For about the next fourteen years he was bookkeeper and clerk in various offices. In 1862 he settled on thirteen acres of land on lot 10, concession 1, of the Township of York, and engaged in farming; this is his present residence. In 1845 he married Hannah, only daughter of William Stabler. He has no children. Mr. Ross is a Reformer in politics, and a Presbyterian in religion.

A. Rudd is a native of Devonshire, England, where he was born in 1833. In 1853 he emigrated to Canada, and took up his residence in Quebec, where he stayed two years, afterwards coming to Toronto and entering into the employment of the Bank of Upper Canada. He remained two years at the bank, and then settled on what is now Logan’s Lane, where he acquired nine acres of land, and commenced the gardening business, in which he has been successfully engaged for over twenty-eight years. In 1828 he married Miss Elizabeth Tulford, of Cumberland, England, the marriage being productive of only one child, a daughter.

Nathaniel Rudd was born in Devonshire, England, in 1828, and in 1862 came with his brother to Canada, since which time he has been engaged in market-gardening. In 1864 he purchased his present home on the Don and Danforth Road, and in 1853 he married Miss Mary McGrath, who died in 1866, leaving him one daughter.

William Sammon was born in the County of Kent, England, in 1841, and came to Canada in 1871. He settled in the County of York in 1872, bought twenty acres, lot 7, concession 2, of bush land, which he has very much improved, erecting a large house and out-buildings. He is engaged in market-gardening and the fruit-growing trade. In 1863 he married Miss Mary Ann Inward.

Schmidt Bros., grocers, 241 Kingston Road, established this business in 1883. They carry general groceries, flour and feed, with a trade equally divided between city and country, which amounts to about $6,000 annually. The store has a frontage of 25 x 50 feet, is constructed of brick, and is two storeys high. The firm is composed of Albert and Frederick Schmidt, who are Canadians by birth.

Henry Scrace, deceased, was born in the County of Sussex, England, in 1801. In 1829 he came to Canada, and in 1832 purchased one hundred acres of uncleared land on lot 17, concession 4, East York, where he remained until 1850, afterwards removing to lot 20, concession 4, where he lived until his death in 1876. In 1833 he married Miss Jane Long, by whom he had seven children, three of whom are living. William, the eldest, was born on the old homestead in 1836, and now owns one hundred acres of the same. George, the youngest son, was born in 1842, and married Mary Jane Sheppard of Scarborough Township, daughter of Paul Sheppard, by whom he has had two sons and two daughters. He owns and resides on lot 17, concession 3, East York.

Albert Sedgwick is a native of Toronto, and was born in 1860. He has been, and is still, engaged in market-gardening, at present cultivating sixteen acres of land, and is the owner of two acres of land on Pape’s Avenue. He employs about four hands, and trades principally with dealers in the city. George, his eldest brother, was born in Toronto in 1852, and since 1872 has been engaged cultivating nine acres for himself. Mr. Sedgwick married Miss Mary Kennedy, by whom he has four children.

Thomas Shepard was born on Yonge Street in 1804, and is the eldest son of Joseph Shepard, who came to Canada about the year 1774, and settled in York County at an early day. He (Joseph Shepard) was an Indian trader, and travelled all through the country, and in connection with the settlement of Toronto assisted to build the first shanty. Thomas, the subject of this sketch, remained at home until 1837, and then commenced the milling business, which he carried on until 1860. Since that time he has lived retired with his daughter, Mrs. Christopher Harrison. Mr. Shepard took an active part in the Rebellion of 1837, and was one of the historical fifteen who escaped from Kingston Penitentiary. In 1830 he married Miss Nancy Woolcut, by whom he had seven children.

N. Shepherd was born in the County of Norfolk, England, in 1814, where he remained until 1836, emigrating in that year to Canada. He came direct to York County, and settled in the township of the same name where he has since continued a prominent resident. He was a miller by trade, and located at different places, at different periods of his life. He has held the office of Assessor and Collector for the township for the past twenty years, and for a like period has been a resident of Eglington. In 1837 he married Miss Ruth Wilson, of York Township, who died in 1871.

Bernard Somers, deceased, was born in the County of Cavan, Ireland, in 1808, and remained there until 1832. He then emigrated to America, and after remaining some time in New York he went to Connecticut, where he lived until 1856, afterwards coming to Canada, and settling near Toronto on the Kingston Road. Subsequently he purchased twenty acres of land on the Don and Danforth Road, lot 11, concession 2, which he cleared and lived on until his death in 1879. Mr. Somers married Miss Mary Caffray, of Ireland, by whom he had nine children, five of whom are living. Hugh, the second son, was born in Ireland, and came to this country with his parents, and at present resides on the old homestead.

Cubett Sparkhall was born in Norfolk, England, in 1821, and is the youngest son of Cubett Sparkhall, deceased, who died in 1821. In 1832 our subject came to Canada in company with his mother and family, and in 1839 started in the butchering business, occupying a stall in the old and new markets up to 1870, when he retired from retail business, but continued to do something in the wholesale trade. In 1845 he purchased a farm on Logan’s Lane, where he has resided ever since. In 1840 he married Miss Eliza Moore, daughter of James Moore, of Toronto, by whom he had six children, five of whom are living.

James B. Squares was born in Devonshire, England, in 1821, and in 1854 emigrated to York County, Canada, where he carried on market-gardening ever since. In 1857 he purchased the place where he now resides, on Logan’s Lane. In 1851 he married Miss Ann Nash, of London, England, by whom he has four children.

John Strader is a Canadian by birth, and has been a resident of East York for the past twenty years, eighteen of which he has been engaged in cultivating small fruits, flower-growing, etc. Since 1869 he has occupied his present home, having two acres of land on Pape’s Avenue. In 1866 he married Miss Margaret Sedgwick, by whom he has four children.

James Taylor, deceased, was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1833. In 1832 he emigrated to Canada and engaged in farming in York Township. In 1871 he purchased two hundred acres of land on lot 3, concession 3, which he very much improved and on which he erected buildings. He married Ann, daughter of John Armstrong, of Scarboro’, who died in 1862, leaving two sons and two daughters. He married a second time, to Mary Watson, daughter of John Watson, by whom he had one daughter, who died in 1877. John Taylor, the eldest son of the above, was born on the old homestead in 1862, where he remained until 1880, going from thence to the United States, and, after residing there about three years, returned to Canada. In 1881 he married Emily Hawkins, daughter of Henry Hawkins. Mary Ann is the eldest daughter of James Taylor, and lives at home; Joseph lives on Yonge Street; Annie, Jane and Bella are also members of this family.

J. H. Taylor is the eldest son of John Taylor, deceased, and was born at the Don Mills in 1853. He remained on the old homestead until 1879, when he removed to his present large farm, which contains five hundred acres, on lot 10, concession 3, where he devotes his time principally to the breeding of cattle. In 1879 he married Miss Matilda McLean, daughter of Daniel McLean, by whom he has three sons, viz.: John, Charles McLean and Morton.

Thomas S. Thorn was born in the County of Kent, England, in 1809. His father, accompanied by his eldest son, came to Canada in 1816, being followed two years later by his wife and family, which included Thomas. His father settled in Durham County; but Thomas learned in Toronto the trade of brickmaker, which he followed for many years. He was engaged in the erection of many of the earlier buildings of the city, notably the first Roman Catholic Church in 1821. He married Miss Catharine Hanan, by whom he had six children, two of whom are dead; his wife died in 1883. Mr. Thorn has held the office of County Constable for the last thirty-two years.

Joseph Trebelcock, grocer, Norway, established his business in 1881, and located first at Leslieville, removing to his present premises a little later. He has built a large brick store and residence, having a frontage of thirty by forty-five feet, where he does a large and increasing trade. Mr. Trebelcock was born in Norway, East York, where he has always resided. His wife was a Miss Fox, a native of Leslieville.

John Walmsley, deceased, was born in Lancashire, England, in 1804, and in 1825 emigrated to Canada and settled in the Township of York, where he resided up to the time of his death in 1847. He married Miss Mary Cunningham, who came to Canada at an early day. James, the eldest son, was born in 1830 on the old homestead, where he remained until 1844. He then went to Simcoe County and attended school for eighteen months, after which he learned the waggon-making trade. In 1864 he purchased one hundred acres of land on lot 14, concession 3, which he has improved and on which he still resides. For the last twenty years he has been engaged in gardening and growing small fruits. In 1855 he married Miss Eleanor Langrill, of Eagleton, by whom he has nine children, seven of whom are living.

John Webber, florist, Kingston Road, was born in Devonshire, England, and came to Canada in 1870. Previous to his settlement in Toronto he had located in London and Barrie, and was in the employment of Chief Justice Harrison and Mr. C. W. Howland. His property has a frontage of two hundred and forty by three hundred feet.

Stephen Webster was born in Northamptonshire, England, in 1830, and came to Canada in 1842; he first settled in the Township of King, where he remained for several years. In 1854 he married Miss Huldah Doan, of the same township, by whom he had two children; his first wife having died, he married Miss Isabella Williams, of Picton, Prince Edward County, in 1859, by whom he has six children. In 1869 he took up his residence in Toronto; the following year he engaged in the manufacture and sale of machine oils, in which business he continued up to 1880; subsequently purchasing eleven acres on the Don and Danforth Road, on lot 11, concession 2, of East York, where he and his son cultivate garden produce; they are also largely interested in bee culture.

Hugh Wilson is the eldest son of William Wilson and was born in Ireland in 1812. He came to Canada with his parents, and his principal occupation has been that of farming, although at one time he navigated the lakes. During the Mackenzie Rebellion he took an active part, and was present at the burning of Montgomery’s Hotel and the skirmish on Yonge Street, and was on the side of the Government. Mr. Wilson is one of the oldest residents in the township and a general authority in all matters relating to township lore. He married Miss Mary Cawley, of Wexford, Ireland, who died in 1883, leaving one son and one daughter. He married again, his second wife being Miss Ann Brown, of Lincolnshire, England, by whom he has five children, four of whom are living.

James Young, postmaster and merchant, Doncaster, was born in Berwick-on-Tweed, England, in 1824, and came to Canada in 1853, settled at once in Doncaster, where he has resided ever since, and is one of the settlers in this locality. He carried on hotel and store for over twenty years and has been postmaster for fifteen years. He was twice married, first in Scotland, and a second time in Doncaster, to Anne Hogg, daughter of John Hogg, a York pioneer. He has two sons and six daughters, married and settled in the vicinity.

TOWNSHIP OF YORK (WEST).

HILIP ARMSTRONG, deceased, was born in Cumberland, England, in 1810, and in 1830 came to York, where he began business as a butcher and farmer. Soon after the incorporation of the city he engaged extensively in market-gardening, on Yonge Street and Rose Hill. In later years, as the County of York became more densely settled, the divisions existing at present were made, and the City of Toronto Electoral Division Society was formed, in which he held various offices. He was instrumental in inaugurating the first Exhibition of 1852. He lived to see the result of his labour crowned by the Provincial Exhibition, in which, with the desire to promote and advance agriculture, he took a great interest. Although an active worker in the above society, he continued his connection with the West York Association, of which he was President for many years. In early life he was a strong Baldwin Reformer, but later was identified with the Conservative Party. He was a Justice of the Peace for the County of York, which office he held for many years, and a member of the County Council, also of the Agricultural and Horticultural Societies, and the Art Association. He was President of the Electoral Division Society. He was connected with various churches, and was instrumental in organizing the present Philharmonic Society. Few men were better known throughout the County of York. His connection with the various industries added to his great popularity. Although three-score and ten years of age, he was still active and retained his mental faculties in a great degree. The York Pioneers and Electoral Division Society, and other associations to which he belonged, attended his funeral in a body. He was twice married, first to a Miss Calvert, of England, in 1837; at Toronto he married Mary, eldest daughter of James Wickson, by whom he left one son. Dr. Thomas Armstrong, only son of the above, was born at Yorkville in 1838, where he first attended school. He passed three years at the Toronto Academy, after which he was engaged upon his father’s farm until 1858, when he began his medical studies at the Toronto School of Medicine, where he graduated in 1862. He then removed to Whitby, Ontario, where he practised for five years. In 1867 he returned to Yorkville, where he has since built up a large and lucrative practice. In politics he is a Conservative. He is a member of the A.F. and A.M., and A.O.U.W. In 1863 he married the eldest daughter of Nicholas Maughan, Assessment Commissioner of Toronto.

J. Barnes is the proprietor of the general store at the newly-built portion of the rapidly increasing village of Carlton West Junction. He operated a business that extended through the Township of Markham and Vaughan, establishing the Edgeley Post-office, which he conducted in conjunction with a general store for twelve years, afterwards selling out and moving into the Township of Markham, where he continued in business for eight years. In the autumn of 1882 he disposed of this, and in the spring of the following year accepted the position of buyer for the Parry Sound Lumber Company. He returned to York County in December of the same year, and established his present satisfactory, and largely increasing business.

Edward Bescoby, of Eglinton, retired, is a native of London, England, and came out to Canada in 1834, in company with his brother-in-law who died some years ago. Mr. Bescoby settled first on the Huron Track, and remained there a few years, subsequently removing to a farm on the Dundas Road. Shortly after this we find him a resident of Toronto, and in the lime business, his firm burning the lime required for the erection of the Asylum, in which trade he continued until 1857. He was married in 1830 to Miss Priscilla Thwaites, of London, England, who died in 1857, while on a visit to her native land. He then purchased some property consisting of mills, lime and freestone quarries at Limehouse in Halton County, which business he conducted until 1871. There he manufactured the first Portland cement produced in Canada. On his retirement from business he paid a lengthened visit to the Old Country, and on his return to Canada took possession of his handsome private residence in Eglinton. Mr. Bescoby served during Mackenzie’s Rebellion as Captain under Colonel Dunlop. He was married in 1864 to Miss Helen Ashbough, of Hamilton, Ontario.

John Boake, one of the early settlers of York, is a native of County Tipperary, Ireland, and came out in 1821, settling soon after on the farm he at present owns and lives on. He bought one hundred acres first and afterwards owned five hundred acres, dividing the same among his children. He married Rebecca Boake in 1832, also a native of Ireland, who came eight years after and died in 1865; five sons and one daughter survive her. He married Margaret Bell, of Woodstock in 1870.

John Boler, farmer, is a native of Mansfield, England. He came out in 1859 and settled upon the place where he still lives; he leased this first in 1875 and bought the same. In 1860 he married Sarah J. Shipman, also a native of Mansfield; they have one son.

William Bourke, hotel proprietor, Weston, was born in Ireland in 1840, and came to Canada with the 2nd Battalion of Her Majesty’s 17th Regiment in 1862. The regiment was stationed at Halifax, N.S., for four years, and afterwards moved to Montreal, where it was after a short stay of two months, transferred to Toronto, when Mr. Bourke left the service. Soon after his retirement from the army he married Rose Ann Hagan, a native of Ireland, by whom he has two children, a boy and a girl. After his marriage he moved to Lambton Mills, where he did military detective duty for nearly two years and then embarked in the hotel business; subsequently he conducted a hotel known as Morgan’s Corner, in concession 2, West York. After spending four years here he migrated to Thistledown and kept a hotel there for eight years and a-half. In 1881 he purchased the hotel which he at present conducts, called the Russel House, where he does a good business, and where the travelling public receive every considerate attention. Mr. Bourke has the two following children, viz.: William Joseph and Mary Ellen.

Edward Brown, proprietor of grocery and provision store, corner of Davenport Road and Bathurst Street, is a native of London, England, and came to America in 1844. He landed at Philadelphia, and after spending a few months in the States came to Toronto. He followed the occupation of painter and grainer for a while, having learned that trade in England, but subsequently commenced in the grocery and provision trade. He continued in that trade until 1883, on Yonge Street, finally relinquishing the active part of the business in favour of his son, who is established at the address above mentioned. Mr. Brown married in 1858, Miss Margaret Thompson, a native of Gloucestershire, England, by whom he has a family of four children, two sons and one daughter living in Toronto.

Joseph Brown, proprietor of Black Creek Brick Yard, was born in Durham, England, and came to Canada with his father, John Brown, in 1849. The latter was a potter by trade, and carried on the business here which he had learned in the old country, and in conjunction with his partner received £100 for making the first draining tile in this Province. The family have been potters and brick-makers for generations. This yard was established by J. Wellington in 1856, and was leased to Mr. Brown in 1860. He commenced the manufacture of brick in 1881, and employs eight hands, turning out about one million bricks annually.

John A. Bull, proprietor of the Carlton Carriage and Waggon Works, was born in Carlton Village, being the son of the late William Bull. His grandfather John Bull, settled with his family one mile east of the village, on the farm now owned and occupied by J. R. Bull. William Bull, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a waggon-maker by trade, and followed that occupation to within ten years of his death, which occurred in 1883. John A., learning the trade of his father, succeeded to the business in 1880, which he has since conducted with ability, and bears a good reputation in city and country for producing first-class work. He turns out a large number of carriages and substantial waggons yearly.

John Edward Bull, lot 7, concession 4, was born on the concession on which he now lives in West York. He was the son of Edward Bull, a native of Tipperary, Ireland, who emigrated to Canada in 1819, finally settling near the Davenport Road in this township, and who died in 1876. His mother was Margaret McKay, a native of West York, who died in 1873. John Edward is one of a family of four children who survive their parents, and with the exception of about ten years continued to reside on the farm he now occupies. He married in 1861 Susan Bunt, a native of Vaughan Township, by whom he has seven children.

J. P. Bull, Davenport Post-office, lots 29 and 30, concession 2, West York Township, is a son of the late Bartholomew Bull, a native of Tipperary, Ireland, who came to Canada in 1818, and settled soon after on the farm, which the subject of this sketch, jointly with his two brothers, now owns and occupies. He lived at home until the death of his wife in 1871, and took up his residence with a son who was located at Yorkville, and with whom he lived until his death in 1878, at the advanced age of eighty-seven years. His family consists of three sons and two daughters, who survive him. The sons are, Dr. Bull of Toronto, T. H. Bull, Clerk of the Peace for the County of York; and J. P. Bull, on the old homestead. One daughter is the wife of Dr. Pattalls, of Brampton, and the other the wife of James Good, iron-founder, Toronto. Mr. J. P. Bull was born on the home farm, and married in 1849 Harriet Bishop, who came to Canada in 1844. On coming of age he received from his father two hundred acres of land in the Township of West York, on which he lived for forty years, during that period doing much building, and making vast improvements. As a man of considerable influence, he has held several offices, and taken an active interest in all that concerns the municipality. He has been a Justice of the Peace for thirty-five years, and was Deputy-Reeve for the township several years. As a member of the Methodist Church he has manifested a more than ordinary concern in its welfare, and the Agricultural Society of the county recognizes heartily the share he has taken during the last forty years in promoting the advantages which it now enjoys. He has held office in connection with it continuously during the period of his membership, and for seven years presided over its deliberations, being at the present time Vice-President. Mr. Bull has a family of two sons and four daughters, one son being settled in the Township of York, and the other near Brampton. Mr. Bull was one of the founders of the Dominion Grange and remains Treasurer of the society at the present time. His address is Davenport Post-office.

Walter J. Bull, lot 8, concession 4, the son of J. P. Bull, elsewhere noticed, commenced farming for himself near Brampton in 1876. The following year, his father being desirous of retiring from farming, Walter rented the old homestead “Downsview Farm,” after which the post-office, church, etc., of that name were called. He still resides on the old farm, which contains two hundred acres of land. His wife was the second daughter of Thomas Holtby, Esq., of Brampton.

Robert Carruthers, deceased, was a native of the County Cumberland, England, and came to Canada with his people in 1810, the family settling upon the farm now in the occupation and ownership of his son George Carruthers. The father of Robert was James Carruthers, one of the oldest settlers in the township, they having no neighbours nearer than three miles for a long time after their settlement. Robert resided on the old homestead until his marriage, when he moved to Carlton, and lived there six years, afterwards moving to Toronto Gore, where he spent eight years. In 1856 he returned to the old homestead and died there. The surviving family consists of three sons and five daughters, all of whom are settled in the county. George Carruthers has resided at the old homestead since the family returned from Toronto Gore; he received the old place by will from his father, which contains fifty acres. He married in 1873 Mary A. Watson, daughter of Francis Watson, of this township.

Edmond John Clark, located on Yonge Street, in the Township of West York, was born in East York, being the son of John Clark, a native of Essex, England, who came to Canada at an early day. His mother was Charlotte Shuttleworth, daughter of the late Henry Shuttleworth, a York County pioneer, who settled at Mount Albert, being a native of Lincolnshire, England. Edmond John Clark in 1879 married a daughter of Robert Leslie, of East York.

W. J. Conron, Weston, cattle dealer and exporter; commenced his calling in early youth with his father, who has been engaged in the same line since 1845. He has been engaged in the export trade since 1881; at present, however, he does a local trade. He has also been Clerk and Treasurer of Weston Village since its incorporation.

William Cornish, proprietor of the planing-mill and lumber business recently established in the thriving Village of West Toronto Junction, is a native of Exeter, Devonshire, England, and came to Canada in 1876. He settled first in Coaticook, Quebec, remaining there six years, subsequently coming to Toronto, where he was engaged with Mr. Fletcher until 1884. He commenced the erection of the building, and having now established his business, we may add that it is likely to prove of great advantage to the village and its surroundings.

John Cottrell, florist and gardener, Deer Park, is the son of the late Samuel and Margaret Cottrell, who came from Shropshire, England, in 1869; his father was a farmer in the Mother Country, and on his arrival here. He was variously engaged to 1871, when he commenced market-gardening, following that occupation until his death in the spring of 1883. John, his son, succeeded him in the business, and is at present entering more extensively into the cultivation of flowers and shrubs.

James Coulter, born in the County Down, Ireland, in 1821, was ten months old when his parents settled in the Township of Etobicoke. His father, besides farming, engaged extensively in sawing lumber, being the owner of three saw-mills. Since 1841 Mr. Coulter has carried on the business of erecting mills. He owns the Weston Foundry and machine shop, which he erected in 1856. It contains all the machinery necessary for the construction of the different parts of mill machinery. The motive power is furnished by two steam-engines, twenty-five and six horse-power respectively, while eight men are employed. On February 8, 1854, Mr. Coulter married Abigail Card, who was born in 1826. They have eleven children living and one dead. The former are Andrew, Eleanor, Martha, Eliza, Levi, Mercie, James, Louisa, Eustace, George and Ida.

Richard Cox, proprietor of the market garden on lot 22, concession 2, is a native of Norfolk, England, and came to Canada in 1873. In 1878 he bought eleven acres of land, which he reduced by sale to six acres, where he cultivates garden produce, having reclaimed his land from the bush. He married before he came to Canada Miss Elizabeth Middlestock. Mr. Cox expects in the future to give his attention especially to fruit-growing.

Joseph Crosson, lot 22, concession 5, was born in 1826, on the farm he now occupies and owns, and is the son of John Crosson, of German extraction, a native of Pennsylvania, United States, who settled in Canada in 1805. The elder Crosson had previously paid a visit to this country in 1801, but had returned to Pennsylvania; and, perhaps, impressed with the prospect of Canada, he returned four years later, having in the interim married Elizabeth Gower, who accompanied him. We are told that the journey was made with only a colt two years old, on the back of which their household effects were placed; the distance covered, and the slow pace at which they of necessity moved, must have occupied a great length of time. Mr. Crosson was a pioneer in the true sense of the word, for, apart from the physical endurance required to perform such a journey, in which innumerable hardships were their unpleasant lot, the prospect on their arrival at their destination would be the reverse of exhilarating, in a sparsely settled, unbroken wilderness, with a home to hew out of the forest with the wood-man’s axe. He owned the first waggon in that part. Time, labour and energy will do great things, and as improvements began to show themselves in his new home, brought about by his unfailing industry, with his children growing up around him, he passed serenely on through life, feeling only the occasional sorrows which the loss of those we hold dear provoke and which remain the common lot. His long and useful career was brought to a close in 1868, at the venerable age of ninety-three years. He survived the partner of his joys, toils and sorrows but eight years, and was laid in his last rest by the surviving members of his family. Joseph, who owned the old homestead, was married in 1846 to Ann Wild, a native of Nottinghamshire, England, who came out with her people in 1829, by whom he had twelve children, only four of whom are now living. Of the other members of the family of twelve children which composed the original family of the old people, only three remain besides the one whose name appears at the head of this sketch, one being settled in Missouri, one in the County of Peel, and William L. is in this township.

Thomas Daniels, market gardener, Runnymede Estate, near Dundas Road, is a native of Monmouthshire, England, and came out to Canada in 1873. He was variously engaged until 1876, when he leased the garden he now cultivates, containing twelve acres. He married Susannah Bailey, by whom he has six sons and two daughters.

John Davidson, retired, is a native of Scotland, and was born in 1818. He came to Canada with his people in 1831, when they settled in King Township, on lot 9, concession 2. Here John resided and, on the death of his father, received the homestead by will, and owned the same until 1874, having in the interim added to it, the total then reaching two hundred and ninety acres. He then sold out, and has since resided with his sister on the Indian Road, and owning property on Roncesvalles Avenue. Mr. Davidson’s father was the late Andrew Davidson, who died in 1856, at the age of eighty-nine; three sons and three daughters survive him.

J. F. Davidson, lot 26, concession 3 from the Bay, is a native of Chatham, Kent County, England, and came to Canada in 1858, and with the exception of a short time spent in Buffalo and St. Louis, has resided here ever since. He married in 1868 Mary Severn, daughter of the late John Severn, a native of Derbyshire, England, who came to Canada at an early day and engaged in the brewing business until his death, and was President of the Brewer’s Association some years; he owned the farm for many years where Mr. Davidson is now located. He died in 1880, having spent a long and useful life devoted to mercantile and agricultural pursuits.

J. C. Devins, lot 20, concession 6, born in 1809 on the farm, a portion of which he still resides upon, is the son of the late Isaac Devins, who with his people, who were U.E. Loyalists, came to York County with Governor Simcoe. The grandfather was Abraham Devins; he and four sons settled in the southern portion of York Township. One of the sons died in military service under General Brock in 1813. Isaac bought and settled upon a farm located in the north-west portion of York Township as above. He married Miss Polly Chapman, of Genesee, N.Y., a native of New England, before he came to Canada. The sister of the subject of this sketch Elizabeth Devins, is thought to be the first white child born in Toronto. Isaac and his brother-in-law, Nicholas Miller, erected the mill at Lambton. John C. Devins received from his father one hundred acres of land, which he cleared and brought into a flourishing state of cultivation, and which he yet resides upon. He married in 1832 Jeanette Rodger, a native of Scotland, the issue of their union being eleven children; eight sons and one daughter are still living, Mr. Devins in 1837 set off to join Mackenzie’s forces, but was intercepted and taken prisoner, the Loyalists being aware of his sympathy with the Reform Party. Mr. Devins’ father, although a U.E. Loyalist, never received the land from the Crown to which he was entitled.

John Dew, farmer, lots 24 and 25, concession 3, was born in Deer Park in 1843, being the son of John and Caroline Dew, of English birth, who came to Toronto about 1830. Mr. Dew, sen’r, was a machinist by trade, and is credited with having made and set up the first steam engine in Toronto. He at first carried on a foundry, but was afterwards interested in Gooderham’s Distillery. Caroline, his wife, was a governess before her marriage, and educated several of the Gooderham family. Mr. Dew, sen’r, left Toronto and went to Prince Edward County, where he purchased a large tract of land, subsequently selling out and removing to St. Catharines where he died, in 1881, at the age of seventy-six years; he was a Justice of the Peace for many years. John Dew, his son, whose name appears at the head of this sketch, married Ann, daughter of James Charles, merchant, of Toronto.

James Duncan, lots 18, 19 and 20, concession 5, born on lot 18, is the son of the late James Duncan, sen’r, a native of the County of Leitrim, Ireland, who came to Canada about 1821 with his parents, who purchased six hundred acres of land near the Humber, on which the family settled, part of which is now owned by James Duncan. His father married in 1831 Ann Moore, who died in 1851, his demise occurring in 1877. Two sons and two daughters survive them. James married in 1858, Elizabeth Jane Griffith, a pioneer of this township; four sons and three daughters remain of a family of ten children, the issue of this union.

W. A. Duncan, J.P., and License Commissioner for the Ontario Government, resides on lot 23, concession 6; is a son of the late John Duncan, a native of Ireland, who came out to Canada in 1821, and settled on a portion of the six hundred acres purchased by his father. W. A. Duncan was born on the farm he now owns and occupies, having resided there all his life, with the solitary exception of about two years. He received his property by will from his father, which consists of about eighty acres. He married in 1869 Elizabeth, daughter of John C. Devins, of this township, whose sketch appears elsewhere.

William Duncan, lot 16, concession 3, one of the oldest residents of the township, was born in the County of Leitrim, Ireland, on New Year’s Day, 1801. He came to Canada in 1821, and in 1823 bought and settled upon the farm where he now resides. An unbroken wilderness then faced the hardy settler, and a lack of energy or strength of will would have betrayed itself in any man whose destiny was cast in that labyrinth of virgin forest. But William Duncan endowed with more than ordinary perseverance and industry, commenced his life’s labour in earnest, with the result that youth around him have had a splendid example set them of what may be made of early opportunities. The land originally occupied is now divided amongst his sons, and the well-cultivated farms bear ample testimony to the care bestowed upon them by their respective owners. Mr. Duncan married in 1831 Sarah Mulholland, of Irish parentage, by whom he has nine sons and three daughters. The mother died in 1883, two years after the celebration by the old people of their golden wedding. Mr. Duncan is still hale and hearty, although advanced in years, and is respected far and wide for his urbanity and kindliness of disposition.

Frank A. Fleming, lot 6, concession 5, Park Farm, is the son of Sanford Fleming, Esq., Civil Engineer. The farm has belonged to the family since 1854, and came into the present owner’s hands in 1880, and contains about two hundred and ten acres. Mr. Fleming is extensively engaged in the importation and breeding of Hereford Cattle, and has on hand about forty head of the celebrated breed. This is one of the finest stock-breeding farms in the county.

Walter Foxwill, lots 7 and 8, concession 3, was born in Gloucestershire, England, in 1840, and emigrated to Canada in company with his brother Albert, in 1864. They came direct to Weston and started farming on land belonging to Mr. Henry Dennis. They purchased in 1874 the farm on which they now live, and since that time have been doing well, and are in possession of a very comfortable home. Mr. Walter Foxwill was married in 1882, his wife’s maiden name being Marian Kennedy.

John Grainger, florist and gardener, St. Clare Avenue, Deer Park, was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1811. In 1829 he came with his people to Canada, and settled first in Montreal, from which city, after a stay of three years, they removed to Toronto. They settled on Yonge Street, near Bloor, where the father and son entered into the gardening business, which was conducted by the former until his death in 1837. John continued the business, and remained in the original locality until 1845, when the extension of the city forced him further northward, to his present position, where he has since conducted his business. He married in 1838 Laura Stibbard, of Toronto, a native of Norfolk, England, the issue of the marriage being a family of eleven children. Mr. Grainger was a volunteer during the time of the Rebellion, and served under Captain Jarvis, also under Captain Newbigen.

Oliver Grainger, florist, Yonge Street, near Deer Park, is a native of Toronto, being the son of John Grainger, noted elsewhere. He makes a speciality of cut flowers for floral designs. He married Lavinia Crown, daughter of David Crown, Yorkville; he has a stall also at St. Lawrence Market.

Allen Gray, deceased, was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1802, and emigrated to Canada in 1820, settling in York, in which county, as well as in that of Peel, he followed farming until his death, which occurred on the 28th of March, 1880. During his lifetime he took an active interest in all matters relating to the good of the community among which he moved, having been President of the Agricultural Meetings, School Trustee, and other more or less important offices. He was twice married, first to Mary Eller, by whom he had three children, as follow: George, born January 1, 1826; Mary, born July 10, 1828; and Robert, born May 29, 1830, died June 7, 1878. Mr. Gray’s second marriage occurred July 4, 1830, his wife being Mary Ann Lang, who was born in Cornwall, Lower Canada, September 13, 1810; the issue of this union was nine children, viz.: Harriet, born November 1, 1832, married to William Watson, October 14, 1867; John, born September 30, 1834; Hannah, born April 5, 1837, and married to William Crozier, February 26, 1857; Elizabeth Fleming, born August 23, 1859; Annie Bull, born March 31, 1841; Sarah Russell, born October 24, 1842; William, born May 24, 1851, and died April 22, 1872.

A. J. Griffith, lot 14, concession 5, was born on the family homestead on lot 13, and is the son of the late Joseph Griffith, noticed elsewhere. He resided at the old homestead until 1870, when he bought and took possession of his present farm of fifty acres and an adjoining lot of seventy-five acres. He married in 1871 Eliza J. Livingston, of Peel County; they have one daughter, Maggie E., born in 1872. Mrs. Griffith is daughter of the late Robert Livingstone, of Peel, a native of Ireland, who came out in 1830.

Joseph Griffith, lot 13, concession 5, was born on the lot upon which he still lives, and is the son of the late Joseph Griffith, a native of County Cavan, Ireland, who came out about 1823, and soon after settled on lot 13, where he resided until his death in 1879. His wife was Judith Welch; four sons and two daughters survive this union. Mr. Griffith married in 1881, Eliza Griffith, daughter of the late Thomas Griffith, also a pioneer of this township. Thomas Griffith, sen’r, was with the loyal forces at the time of the Rebellion. Abraham Welsh, brother-in-law of Joseph Griffith, sen’r, was taken prisoner by Mackenzie, held for some time, and afterwards liberated.

William Griffith, lot 13, concession 5, was born on the farm he at present owns, one hundred and fourteen acres, and which constituted the family homestead, being another son of the late Joseph Griffith.

Robert Harris, deceased, proprietor of the West Toronto Junction Hotel, was a native of Somersetshire, England, who came to Canada in 1857, and settled with his people in the Township of East York, his father being the late John Harris. In 1870 Robert married Mary A. Lawton, a native of Bridgewater, Somersetshire, England. In 1872 he commenced business for himself by purchasing a farm on lot 23, concession 3, Etobicoke, where he resided until 1883. He then sold out, afterwards leasing and taking possession of the above hotel, which he conducted until his death on 28th December, 1884, when Mrs. Harris continued to manage the business, furnishing good accommodation for the travelling public. This is one of the oldest establishments in the district, being of forty years standing.

Miles Haydrick was born in the County of Wexford, Ireland, and in 1856 came to Toronto. He was a coachman and butler, and acted in that capacity in various places up to 1877, when he came to his present location on concession 3 from the Bay, and bought six and a-half acres, which he cleared and commenced market-gardening. He has very much improved the land, and has added to it, until he now owns eighteen acres, valued at $12,000, and by honesty and industry he has accumulated considerable wealth.

Francis Heydon, proprietor of the old established Carlton Hotel, is a son of James and Bridget Heydon, who came to Canada from Ireland in 1828, and settled in the Gore of Toronto, where they resided until their death in 1859. Francis in early life followed the business of threshing for five or six years. He then bought a saloon near the Grand Trunk Station, in the township, where he continued some five years, afterwards being employed by the Grand Trunk Railway Company. He then kept a hotel in Vaughan Township about seven years, and in 1867 took possession of his present premises, buying the same in 1882. He married in 1860 Isabella Gracey, a native of Etobicoke Township in this county, by whom he had a family of eight children, four sons and two daughters are still living.

Joseph Holley was among the early settlers of York County; he was born in Pennsylvania in 1780, coming to Canada and settling in this country in 1794. He engaged in saw-milling and built up a considerable estate. He was a most useful member of society, and assisted materially the growth and prosperity of the locality in which he lived. He died in 1874, lacking six years of being a centenarian. His son William, born in 1839, carried on his father’s saw-mill and farm until his death in 1882, when he in turn was succeeded by his son O. P. Holley, who was born in 1861 and was married November 14, 1883.

Abraham Hoover, lot 23, concession 4, was born in Markham Township in 1821, being the son of the late Christopher Hoover, a native of Pennsylvania, U. S. He, with his people, who were U.E. Loyalists, were among the first to take up their residence in this county. The grandfather, Martin Hoover, settled in Markham Township on land given him by the Government. Christopher was for a short time in the States, and on his return, in 1824, bought the farm now owned by Abraham, the subject of this sketch. Christopher married Mary Troyer, who, with his two sons and five daughters, survived him. His widow is now ninety-nine years of age, and is living with a daughter in Markham Township. Abraham married in 1844 Elizabeth Cook, of Markham; they have a family of six sons and two daughters.

F. A. Howland, proprietor of the store and mills at the Village of Lambton, was born at Carlton Island in the St. Lawrence, New York, and is a son of Jonathan and Lydia Howland, natives of Dutchess County, in that State. The father died at Cape Vincent on the St. Lawrence in 1841; the mother died in Toronto in 1880, at the advanced age of ninety-one years. Their family consisted of ten children, of whom three sons and three daughters are surviving members. Sir William and H. S. Howland, now of Toronto, and the subject of this sketch constitute the male portion. The late Peleg Howland, who was the first to come to Canada of this family, and who was partner in the above business, died in 1882. Mr. F. A. Howland came to Lambton Mills in 1843, being then fourteen years of age, and engaged with his brother, Sir William Howland, in the store and mill. At that time there was an old Government mill and store, erected about 1785, which Sir William leased for forty-one years, subsequently buying out the “Cooper” heirs and becoming sole proprietor. The old buildings were then taken down, and the present spacious and commodious buildings erected in 1845. They measure 120 x 44 feet, and are five stories in height, with a run of six stones, with a yielding capacity of one hundred and fifty barrels per diem. In 1855 Mr. Peleg Howland took a half-interest in the property and business, which he continued to hold until his demise. Sir William retired in favour of the present owner, and Peleg in 1868, and on the death of the latter F. A. Howland became sole proprietor of the business. In 1883 he erected the woollen mills of eight looms, where are employed about twenty-five hands. Mr. Howland has been postmaster since 1856, the date the office was established at Lambton Mills. He married in 1855 Matilda Musson, of Weston, who died in 1871, leaving four sons and one daughter. In 1873 he married again, his second partner being Jane Ford, of Toronto; the issue of this union is two sons and one daughter. Sir William Howland came to Canada in 1831; Peleg, in 1829, and H. S., in 1840.

Charles John Huntley, market-gardener and florist, Bowood Cottage; proprietor of the market garden, Carolan Street, which consists of six acres. He is a native of Trowbridge, Wiltshire, England, and came out to Canada in 1854. He followed the occupation of gardener in England, and on his arrival here assisted in clearing the land at High Park and remained there as gardener for twelve years. He has carried on business at various places since, and it was not until 1881 that he settled on his present acreage. Mr. Huntley married, in England, Miss Emma Walker, from his own district, by whom he has four sons and six daughters.

George H. Husband, dentist, Newtonbrook, was born in Welland County, Ontario, being the son of the late James Husband, of Irish birth, who came to Canada about 1820 and settled in Welland County, where he resided until his death. The subject of this notice commenced the practice of dentistry at Thornhill in 1857, where he remained two years, and after a short time spent at Goderich, permanently settled in the Village of Newtonbrook, where he now enjoys an extensive practice. He pays periodical visits to Weston, Woodbridge, Unionville and Richmond Hill.

George Jackson, lot 13, concession 4, was born upon the farm which is at present in his occupancy. On commencing life for himself he settled on an adjacent farm, where he resided seventeen years, and in 1879 took possession of the old homestead, since which time he has rebuilt the home and made other important improvements. He owns in all about four hundred and twenty-three acres of land in concessions 3 and 4. Mr. Jackson was in the Township Council in 1868-69. In 1862 he married Sarah James, daughter of the late John James, a native of Tyrone, Ireland, and a pioneer of York County. They have two sons and one daughter.

William Jackson, lots 21, 22 and 23, concession 3, was born in West York Township and has lived on his present farm since he was two years of age. His father was George and his mother Ann H. Jackson, both natives of Yorkshire, England, who came out to Canada about 1830. They settled in York, subsequently purchasing the farm William now resides upon, where the father lived until his death in 1876, the mother dying three years previous. One son and three daughters still survive them. William married, in 1860, Jane Danby, daughter of John Danby, of this township, the fruit of the union being four sons and two daughters. The subject of this notice commenced with one hundred acres, left to him by his father’s will, and now owns an improving estate of five hundred acres.

Frederick R. James, lot 22, concession 2, is the son of Joseph James, a native of County Tyrone, Ireland, who came to America with his people in 1818. They settled first in Pennsylvania, and came to Canada in 1820. After a period spent in East Gwillimbury Township they removed to West York later on, the grandfather taking up the farm now in the occupancy of Frederick, where he resided until his death in 1872, at the venerable age of ninety-four years. The father, Joseph James, died in 1876, and the mother whose maiden name was Frances Reesor, followed two years later. The surviving family consists of four sons and five daughters, all of whom are living in this county.

Robert James, lots 23 and 24, concessions 1 and 2, is the son of William James, who settled on the farm adjoining where William James, jun’r, now lives, afterwards purchasing the lots Robert at present resides on. William James, sen’r, was born in Ireland, and went first to Pennsylvania, U. S., with his father and family, and from thence came to Canada. He married Rebecca Johnston, who died in 1856; the surviving family consists of five sons and two daughters. Robert married in 1872 Miss Carruthers, daughter of Robert Carruthers, an early settler in this Township. He owns one hundred and forty-five acres.

William James, lot 24, concession 3, is the youngest son of William James, sen’r, deceased. He was born on the old homestead, where he has always lived, and has received the same by will from his father, coming into possession in 1874, the farm consisting of one hundred and forty-five acres. He married in 1883 Agnes Ramsay of Yorkville.

D. F. Jessopp, lot 29, concession 3, is a native of Waltham Abbey, Essex, England, and came to Canada in 1837 with his people. His father, Captain Henry Jessopp, on the breaking out of the Rebellion received a commission; his death occurred in 1854. Mr. Jessopp has resided on his present farm nearly all his life. He was connected with the Toronto Battery of Artillery, and finally retired with a Captain’s commission. Only two sisters besides himself comprised his father’s family. Captain Henry Jessopp was much esteemed by his surrounding neighbours, and his popularity among the poor, which was the outcome of his benevolent disposition, has passed into a proverb.

William Kemp, County-constable, apiarian, proprietor of fruit and market-garden, King Street, West Toronto Junction, was born in the State of Illinois, and came with his people to Lambton County when a child, where he resided until 1877. In that year he removed to York County, locating on his present purchase, which he has since continued to cultivate. Mr. Kemp’s father, the late John Kemp, was of English birth, and emigrated to the States, settling in Chicago when that large and flourishing city was in its infancy, removing from thence to Lambton County, and settled on land given him by the Government for services rendered when a soldier in the British Army, where he lived until his death. He left a family of four sons and three daughters. The subject of this notice remained on the homestead until twenty-five years of age, afterwards living at various places in the county previous to taking up his residence here. He married in 1873 Elizabeth Munn, daughter of the late George Munn, of Trafalgar Township, Halton County.

David Kennedy, retired. The parents of our subject, James and Diana (Foster) Kennedy, were natives of the County Cumberland, England, from which place they emigrated to York in 1832, and settled on Duke Street, subsequently purchasing property on Queen Street West, where he was extensively engaged in manufacturing carriages until his death in 1864. David is the second eldest son in the family, and was born in the County of Cumberland, England, in 1819. He came to York with his parents where he received such an education as the early schools of the city afforded. At an early age he entered his father’s shop, and although he never learned a trade he soon became a skilful workman. In 1855 he succeeded his father in business, and a few years later became extensively engaged in the lumber business, which he conducted until 1874, when he removed to the Township of West York, lots 36 and 37, where he purchased one hundred and eight acres of land, upon which he erected a fine and commodious house at a cost of about $5,000. This beautiful and picturesque piece of property, Lake View Park, is situated five miles west of Yonge Street, on Bloor; here Mr. Kennedy has passed nearly twelve years of hard labour, and expended about $20,000 in converting a wild and romantic broken forest into a lovely quiet home, which is truly unsurpassed by any in Ontario; at considerable cost he has constructed three lovely artificial lakes that are stocked with forty thousand brook trout. In 1837, during the Rebellion, our subject was one of six soldiers stationed at the Old Fort when the alarm bell for war rang; they remained two days without receiving a supply of food, there being no commissioned officer in command. After being relieved, Mr. Kennedy joined Captain Brown’s company of volunteers, which he accompanied to Montgomery’s Farm, the scene of action, where he participated in the engagement, also in the firing of the hotel. After serving about thirty days he returned home. In politics he is a Liberal Conservative, and in religion a member of the Church of England. In 1849 he was married to Marion Cullen, of New York, by whom he has six sons and four daughters. His eldest son, David, is a great traveller, and is at present scaling the Rocky Mountains for pleasure. Charles R. Kennedy, his second son, was born in Toronto in 1852, where he was educated. He has chosen the artist’s profession, which he began about eight years since under the direction of Mr. Leslie Judson, of this city; he is at present located at 22 King Street East. Frederick Kennedy, third in order, was born in Toronto in 1854, is at present situated at 452½ Queen Street West, where he has been for several years engaged as a jeweller and watch-maker. Three sons and three daughters remain at home and attend to the farm duties; one of his daughters married Walter Foxwill, a retired farmer of West York.

Richard Kerslake, proprietor of market garden on the Shaw Estate, is a native of Devonshire, England, and came out to Canada in 1872. He was a shoemaker by trade, and followed that occupation for two years after his arrival here, commencing his present business at the above location in 1874, where he owns six acres and cultivates a variety of plants and vegetables. Mr. Kerslake married in 1862, Mary Ann Pym, also a native of Devon, England, the issue of the union is four sons and three daughters.

Thomas Kingsley, proprietor of market-garden on Cinnamon Street, lot 33, concession 2, West York, was born in County Wexford, Ireland, and came to Toronto in 1840. He was for twenty-seven years employed in farming with George Cooper. He first bought two acres of land and afterwards added six more, making in all eight acres, and carried on a regular market-garden. He married in 1851 Miss Helen Maloney, a native of County Clare, Ireland; they have one son and five daughters, all living, viz.: Edward, Lizzie, Katie, Hellen, Mary and Annie.

Peter Laughton, market-gardener, Carlton, is a native of Bedford, England, and came to Canada in 1867. He was for two years in a city store, afterwards taking charge of a private garden. At the expiration of that time he leased a part of the Davison Estate, where he carried on market-gardening for eleven years, purchasing in 1881, twenty-seven acres at his present location, where he has one of the most extensive gardens about the city.

Edward Lindner, of Carlton Village, is of German extraction, his father, John Lindner, emigrating from that country to Canada in 1854, and settling in Newmarket, where the subject of this notice was born. The family remained four years at Newmarket, removing afterwards to West Carlton where the father still resides. Edward learned the trade of carpenter, and in 1879 established himself as a builder, and during his comparatively short business career has erected more than forty houses, and has twelve under construction at the present time, all of which have been built on speculation at his own risk. In addition he has done a considerable amount of contract work, and has also built on his own account, the large and commodious block known as Lindner’s Hall. This handsome structure is three stories high, measuring 28 x 120 feet, and contains besides a general store, barns, etc., two public halls and a capacious dining room for the use of lodgers. One of the halls is occupied by the Independent Order of Good Templars. The size of the lower hall is 28 x 96 feet, the upper hall is the same size but includes the dining-room. We may say that it is due largely to the enterprise of Mr. Lindner that the Village of Carlton has assumed its present proportions, and the inhabitants will appreciate at its proper value his residence in their midst.

Charles McBride, hotel proprietor, Eglinton, was born in the Township of York (East) in 1832. The family first settled in Canada in 1793, the grandfather having emigrated from the North of Ireland to Pennsylvania some years before that date. He was one of the original pioneers and assisted to clear the land which now forms the centre portion of the City of Toronto. He sold two lots, one of four acres and one lot of one acre, for a few dollars which, had he kept, would probably have left his grandchildren millionaires. After selling his city property he moved on to lot 17, concession 1, on Yonge Street, where John McBride, the father of Charles, was born in 1802, who also resided on the old homestead until his death in 1865. Charles McBride commenced the hotel business at Prospect House, Eglinton, and kept the same for fourteen years, and in 1872 bought the farm of fifty acres that he now owns, and erected his present hotel.

Francis McFarlane, proprietor of the York and Vaughan Hotel, is a native of County Tyrone, Ireland, and came to Canada in 1850. He was engaged in the lumbering up to 1867, after which he leased and took possession of his present premises, where he remained six years. He then removed to a hotel a little south of this locality, and after spending nine years there, returned to his former place of business where he has since continued. Mr. McFarlane is district agent for the following agricultural implement manufacturers, viz.: Fleury Estate, Aurora; Wilson & Company, Hamilton; Coulthard, Scott & Company, Oshawa; and keeps in stock a full line of binders, reapers, mowers, drills, rakes, ploughs, fanning mills, harrows, etc.; he also repairs for any of the above, and conducts an extensive trade with the farmers of the country.

Kenneth McLennan, Brockton, proprietor of market-garden, Bloor Street, is a native of the Isle of Skye, Inverness-shire, Scotland, and came out to Canada in 1852. A shoemaker by trade, he followed the business for about six years after his arrival, and then changed his occupation to that of market-gardening, and commenced on his own account on Argyle Street, afterwards removing to the corner of Dundas and Queen Streets. In 1871 he bought fourteen and a-half acres and moved to his present location, but has since disposed of some, and now cultivates about thirty acres. He has built on and improved his place considerably. He married in the Isle of Skye, Catharine McKay, and out of a family of twelve children, two daughters only are living.

John McNamara, farmer and market-gardener, was born near Galway, Ireland. He came out to Canada in 1848, and settled in this county, where he has been engaged in the above business since his advent. He cultivates about thirty acres of land, and employs, according to the season, from five to twenty hands, and markets his goods fresh in the city daily. He married in 1864 Elizabeth Clarke, a native of England, who came out in 1858, the issue of this union was ten children of whom four sons and four daughters are living.

P. McNamara, proprietor of the market-garden on Caroline Street, is a native of Ireland and came out to Canada at an early date. In 1868 he bought the ten acres of valuable garden land which he still retains, and two years later commenced the business he continues to conduct.

Henry Mason, lot 6, concession 1, is a native of Mossingham, Lancashire, England, and came to America with his people in 1833. His father, the late William Mason, lived in Rochester five years, and on coming to Canada in 1838 settled in Scarboro’, where he died. Mr. Mason first started on the farm in that township belonging to his father, afterwards becoming possessed of the same by purchase, which he exchanged for another in the same municipality. In 1877 he bought the farm where he now resides, but only moved into it in the spring of 1883. He married in 1852 Fanny Palmer, who died in 1882, by whom he had a family of five sons and five daughters.

George C. Moore was born in the Township of West York, and is the son of the late William Moore, a native of Ireland, who was born in 1795 and came to Canada in 1809. His father, on his arrival, remained some time in Montreal, and about 1811 commenced to bring goods to Toronto by team, which he lost in the St. Lawrence River by breaking through the ice. He was in the War of 1812, and at the Battle of Queenston Heights was wounded in the face by a musket ball. He received a medal for his services, was commissioned a Lieutenant and afterwards Captain in the militia. He married Sarah, daughter of William Harrison, a U. E. Loyalist; his surviving family consisting of three sons and one daughter, viz.: Joseph, James and the one whose name heads this sketch; the daughter is Mrs. James Dobson, of Yorkville. George C., on leaving the homestead, moved to Yorkville, where he resided about nine years, ultimately removing to Davenport, and in the spring of 1844 settled at his present location. He married in 1863 Fanny, daughter of John Charlton, of London, Ontario; the latter, in company with two sons, was at the burning of Montgomery’s Tavern during the Mackenzie Rebellion.

Thomas Mulholland, lots 6 and 7, concession 2, was born in this township in 1816, and is the son of Henry Mulholland, a native of Ireland, who emigrated to Canada and settled in York County in 1806; he was in the War of 1812, and participated in the Battles of York, Stony Creek and Lundy’s Lane, and lost his life on the Atlantic Ocean through the foundering of a vessel, The Lady of the Lake. Thomas Mulholland has always resided at the old homestead, and during the Rebellion of 1837 took part in the skirmish on Yonge Street as a volunteer in loyal troops and witnessed the burning of Montgomery’s Tavern. He married in 1847 Mary A. Conland; the family consists of five sons and six daughters. Mr. Mulholland owns large tracts of land which are in the Townships of West York, King and Innisfil (Simcoe County). The family are of German descent.

B. W. Murray (Blair Athol), lot 1, concession 4, West York, is a native of Scotland and came to Canada in 1857; he held a position in the North of Scotland Bank for six years, and on his arrival here became connected with the Bank of British North America. He subsequently accepted a position in the Commercial Bank until 1860; he then went to the States to take a position there, but returned to Canada in 1872, and in 1876 was appointed to the charge of the Accountant’s Office of the Court of Chancery (now Supreme Court), which position he still holds. He married in 1858 Julia, only daughter of William Henry, of Montreal, and grand-daughter of Alexander Henry, a famous North-West traveller, who coming to Canada with General Amhurst in 1760, in conjunction with two brother officers, purchased large tracts of land in the North-West; this gentleman was the only one who escaped at the capture of Fort Michilimackinac, and it was to a female slave he owed his life.

James Orr, lot 16, concession 6, is a native of County Antrim, Ireland, and came out in 1867, since which time he has followed farming, an occupation he had previously been accustomed to. He married in 1873 Elizabeth McLean, daughter of Laughlin McLean, an old settler of the township, native also of County Antrim, Ireland, who came out in 1827 and settled soon after at Black Creek. In 1840 he settled on the farm now owned by our subject.

Matthew Parsons, farmer, lot 3, concession 3, was born in Wiltshire, England, and came out to little York with his parents in 1820. His father settled on lot 22, concession 6, West York in 1821, which was then bush, which he cleared, cultivated and lived upon until his death in 1864, at the advanced age of ninety-one years. The surviving family consists of the subject of this notice and three sisters, viz.: Mrs. Joseph Smith, of Etobicoke; Mrs. Daniel Maybee, of Albion Township, and Mrs. Jacob Mattice, Jarvis, Ontario. Matthew married in 1841 Elizabeth McKay, daughter of Jacob McKay; the issue of the union being two sons and five daughters; one son and three daughters living, all of whom are married and settled in the county. The son, William Albert, is now living on the west part of the McKay homestead, lot 3, concession 3. After his marriage Matthew Parsons remained for some time on the old homestead, removing to his present locality in 1851.

John Paul, Weston. Among the most esteemed citizens of York County may be mentioned the name of John Paul. He was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, November 21, 1802, and landed at Toronto in 1823. Being a teacher by profession he resided in different localities for about fourteen years; since which he has always lived in the vicinity of Weston. He has been Major of militia, and was Captain during the Rebellion of 1837. He also has been Deputy Returning-officer for twenty years. In 1827 he married Jane Miller, who was born in Etobicoke Township, York County, in 1811, and who died in 1864, by whom he had eight children, all living, viz.: George O., John, James, Isabella A. McDougall, Mary B. Warbrick, Jane A. Curtis, Catharine and Harriet Denison.

Rembler Paul is the son of Thomas and Sarah Paul, natives of Norfolk, England, who landed in Quebec in 1832, where, shortly afterwards, the subject of this sketch was born. They spent four years in Quebec, and a subsequent eight years in Kingston, from which place they removed to Toronto, where Mr. Paul, sen’r, died in 1855. He was a veterinary surgeon by profession, and when in Toronto formed a partnership with Mr. Capriol, who was the first to open a repository for the sale of horses and carriages in the city. Rembler learned the profession of veterinary surgeon from his father, previous to which he had spent some time in the office of the British Whig, where he learned to set type, but apparently did not follow up this occupation. He practised as veterinary surgeon for about twenty years, but only carried on the repository about a year after his father’s demise, although he still owns the property where Grand & Louis do business. He retired from his profession in 1879, and engaged in real estate speculations, mostly in the North-West, where he now owns three thousand acres of land eleven miles south of Regina, stocked with horses, cattle, etc. In 1883 he cultivated three hundred acres of grain. He also owns a silver mine in Thunder Bay and a coal mine near Bancroft. Mr. Paul married in 1852 Elizabeth H., daughter of the late Calvin Davis, of Toronto, by whom he has one son.

John Paxton, florist and market-gardener, lot 29, concession 3 from the bay, is a native of Alloa, Scotland, and came to Canada in 1858, landing at Quebec, where he remained and had charge of a gentleman’s garden for thirteen years. In 1870 he came to Toronto, and after two years spent in the service of the Hon. D. L. Macpherson, he leased a place at Carlton, and at the end of five years bought the ten acres he at present cultivates, and by industry and thrift has succeeded in establishing a large and flourishing business. He keeps on sale a choice variety of flowers, plants and vegetables. He married in 1858, while in Quebec, Jane Young, of Langley, Buckinghamshire, England.

William Pears, Manager for Booth & Pears (or Y. & C. Brick Manufacturing Company), brick manufacturers, Carlton West, is the son of Leonard Pears, a native of Yorkshire, England, who came to Canada in 1851. This yard employs about twenty-three men and turns out about two million bricks annually. They manufacture both common and pressed brick by steam, their yard containing all modern appliances. The firm was established in 1880, the business having previously been entirely in the hands of Mr. Pears, who conducted it for thirty years.

Phillips & Berry, Lambton Mills, manufacturers of all kinds of flannels. The business was established in 1884, both members of the firm being young men from Yorkshire, England. They imported their machinery from Thornton Brothers, Yorkshire, England, who are represented in this county by Mr. A. Jackson, of Lambton Mills.

William Plant is a native of Staffordshire, England, where he learned the trade of brick and sewer-pipe making, and for several years had the management of a yard there. He came to Canada in 1860, and worked about two years for Mr. Nightengale, afterwards establishing himself in the business of sewer-pipe making at Yorkville, removing from thence to the west end where he remained until 1874, in which year he came to his present location where he has carried on a large and extensive brick business, and having recently sold out, is on the eve of retiring into private life. He was married in England to Sarah Whitehouse, of Staffordshire; out of a family of seven children, one son and two daughters only are living. His son, Stephen J. Plant, is a patentee of the best brick-making machines in use, together with a patent kiln for the baking of bricks. Mr. Plant, sen’r, made for Mr. Nightengale the first kiln for baking sewer-pipes in this part of Canada. In 1882 he received a diploma for the best building materials at the Exhibition.

Joseph Pratt, farmer, lots 17 and 18, concession 2, was born in Warwickshire, England, and came to America in 1852, taking up his residence in Ohio, U. S., where he stayed two years and then returned to England. In 1859 he came out to Canada and settled in Toronto, where he conducted a flour and feed store on Bloor Street West up to 1867. He then bought one hundred and fifty acres of land at the above location, and in 1877 another farm of one hundred acres, which he continues to cultivate. He married Susan Killey, of Warwickshire, by whom he had six sons and two daughters.

W. H. Ray, proprietor of the Peacock Hotel, Dundas Road. This old established hotel has been in existence since 1820, and is now one of the oldest houses in the Province. The present proprietor is a native of London, England, and came to Canada in 1870. He was engaged in the butchering business for some time, and in 1881 took possession of this hotel, since which time he has received steady support from the travelling public.

Dr. Samuel Richardson, Eglington, was born in York County, being a son of the late John Richardson, a native of Ireland, who came to Canada in 1823 and resided in Scarboro’ Township until his death in 1874. Dr. Richardson obtained his professional education at the Victoria School of Medicine and the Toronto University, entering the former institution in 1867, where he spent two years, and graduating at the latter in 1871. He practised in Toronto five years, holding at the same time the Professorship of Materia Medica and Lecturer on Insanity at the Victoria School to the end of 1874. He practised in Scarboro’ three years, and in 1879 settled at Eglington, where he enjoys an extensive practice.

John Roach, farmer, lot 27, concession 2, was born in Cornwall, England, and came to Canada when twenty-five years of age. He settled first in Oshawa, and after a residence of nine years, part of which time he kept hotel, he removed to Toronto and conducted hotels in different localities in the city. In 1874 he removed to the farm on which he at present resides, having purchased the same eight years previous. He married in 1848 Mrs. S. Lukes; they have one son and one daughter. We may add that the farm of Mr. Roach is considered one of the finest in the district, being composed of two hundred acres; he is also largely engaged in the milk business, and keeps about twenty-five cows. In politics he is a Reformer.

Richard Roberts, proprietor of Covertdale Mills, was born in Ireland and came to Canada, taking up his residence at the above locality in August 1883. He leased and took possession of the mills, where he is doing a thriving business buying wheat from the farmers in the adjacent district, and selling the produce at wholesale in the city, besides doing a retail trade on his own premises. He is a man of large experience in his business, his father having conducted a mill in County Cork, Ireland.

George Ross, proprietor of the well-known and popular Eagle Hotel, Weston Village, is a native of Toronto, and for seventeen years followed the vocation of commercial traveller. He took possession of the above hotel in June, 1884, and hopes, by strict attention to the comfort and convenience of his patrons, to merit that share of custom hitherto awarded his predecessor.

David Rowntree, butcher, Weston, was born at Carlton, York Township, in 1845, being the third son of Mr. D. Rowntree, of Carlton, mentioned elsewhere. David lived with his father until twenty-one years of age, and then commenced business for himself as butcher in 1866. He has been very successful, and last year built a splendid brick store in a prominent part of Weston, where he conducts a general store in connection with his butchering business. Mr. Rowntree was married in the year 1865, his wife’s maiden name being Isabella Campbell, who is of Scotch parentage. They have a family of eight children. Our subject is a member of the Village Council since its formation. The family are adherents of the Methodist Church.

David Rowntree, lot 35, concession 3 from the Bay, was born in Cumberland County, England, and came to Canada in 1832 with his parents, with whom he remained eight years. He then rented a farm in Toronto Township for four years, subsequently purchasing and taking possession of the farm which constitutes his present home. He married in 1840 Sarah Lee, of English birth, who died in 1864, leaving nine sons and two daughters. He married again in 1866, his second wife being Sarah Rossiter, also a native of England; five sons and four daughters are the issue of this union. Mr. Rowntree owns ninety acres.

James Rowntree, lots 22, 23 and 24, concession 7, was born on the farm adjoining that which he now owns, and is the son of the late Joseph Rowntree, a native of Cumberland, England, who came to Canada about 1834, and worked for a time as journeyman miller, afterwards settling upon a farm near the Humber. His wife was Ann McGee, a native of Scotland. James married Caroline M. Crosson, daughter of William Crosson, of this township.

Alfred H. St. Germain, lots 7 and 8, on the west side of Yonge Street, Township of York. The retirement of a once prominent man from the ranks of journalism (although particularly noticed and commented on at the time) is not one of the events which leave a lasting impression on the memory, and is perhaps forgotten by the many, yet the few who still retain a recollection of the subject of this notice will not forget that Toronto is indebted to him for being the first to publish a One Cent Daily Newspaper. Mr. St. Germain was born at Kingston, in the Province of Upper Canada, in the year 1827, being the son of Hyacinth LeMere St. Germain, a lineal descendant of Rudolph St. Germain, who was a companion of Jacques Cartier in the exploration of the Canadas. Mr. St. Germain spent his early life in Kingston, and before leaving there, in 1849, was one of the proprietors of The Herald, one of the oldest papers in Canada. The California gold fever, which was raging at that time, attracted him from the editorial chair; but, after tempting fortune on the Pacific coast for a time, he returned to Canada, and taking up his residence in Toronto, commenced the publication of The Toronto Evening Journal, the first one cent daily newspaper in Canada. He also was the originator of the cheap advertising rates which now prevail in Toronto newspapers. His connection with the printing and publishing business came to a close in 1882, when he retired to his Yonge Street farm, consisting of one hundred and eighty-five acres, within three and a-half miles of Toronto’s northern city limits.

Henry Saunders, lots 5, 6 and 7, concession 3, was born in 1849, on the farm where he now resides. The family are of German extraction. The grandfather of our subject, Matthew Saunders, a noted shipbuilder, was a U. E. Loyalist, and took up from Government two hundred acres of land on lot 6, concession 3, which is still in the possession of his descendants. He was killed at the battle of York by the explosion of the magazine. The father of our subject was born near Thornhill in 1801, and took possession of the family homestead in 1824, where he resided until his death in 1880, at the age of seventy-nine years; two sons and three daughters survive him. Henry Saunders married Elizabeth Gould, of Pelham Township, Welland County, who died in 1870. He married again in 1877, Elizabeth Dawdy of Galesborough, by whom he has two sons and one daughter. Mr. Saunders owns five hundred and sixty acres in this township.

George Smith & Co., woollen manufacturers, Lambton Mills. This business was originally established at Weston in 1870, under the name of Smith & Wilby, and continued in force until 1880, when a dissolution of partnership took place. Mr. Smith then entered into partnership at Lambton Mills, to which place he transferred his business which is now known under the above name. They employ over one hundred hands in the manufacture of blankets, tweeds, and general woollen goods of various grades. The machinery is run by an eighty horse-power water wheel and one hundred and fifty horse-power steam engine. Mr. Smith is a native of Yorkshire, England, and was born in the year 1832, emigrating to Canada in 1870.

Robert Smith, proprietor of market garden on High Park Avenue and Indian Road, was born in Cumberland, England, and came out to Canada in 1832. He was variously engaged up to 1859, when he commenced the gardening business at his present location where he owns and cultivates twelve acres of fine garden land, growing all kinds of fruits, vegetables, etc. He married in 1869 Mrs. Margaret Daly.

James Stewart, deceased, was born in Ireland, of Scotch parents, in 1803, and came to Canada when only a boy. He first settled in Cavan Township, Durham County, afterwards coming to West York, and locating on lot 13, concession 2, where he purchased two hundred acres of bush land. He lived there for twenty years, and by additions made to his first purchase became the owner of five hundred acres of land in one block. He subsequently bought two hundred and thirty acres near the Don, in East York, and twenty acres on Yonge Street, making a total of seven hundred and fifty acres which is still in the possession of the family. He resided on the farm near the Don until his death in 1878. He married Mary Ann Mulholland, sister of Thomas Mulholland, of this township, who died in 1872, leaving a family of four sons and four daughters. Joseph, the youngest son of the family, resided on the homestead until 1876, when he settled on one hundred acres, a part of the York estate. He married in 1876 Jennie Heyland, daughter of James Heyland, of Essex Township, Simcoe County, who was of Irish birth; they have two sons and one daughter. Henry and James, the second and third sons of the family, still reside on the old homestead farm consisting of two hundred acres. Samuel Stewart, the eldest son, resides on a portion of the York estate, and has a family of ten children living. The four daughters of the late James Stewart are all married. Mary Ann, married to James McGee, of Toronto; Sarah, married to Thomas Woodhouse, of Toronto; Louisa, widow of the late William Henry, of Toronto; Jane, married to George S. Stevenson, of Peterboro’.

Jacob Storey, lot 25, concession 4, is the son of the late David Storey, who left Pennsylvania for Canada at an early day. He served in the War of 1812, and at the proclamation of peace settled in Vaughan Township, and after a time removed to West York, where he purchased one hundred acres of land, and locating on the lot above mentioned, resided there until his death in 1872 at the age of seventy-eight. He left a widow and four sons all of whom are still living. Jacob Storey, the subject of this sketch, was married in 1843 to Sarah Snider, daughter of the late Samuel Snider, of York Township; they have three sons and four daughters, and have sustained a loss of two daughters by death. During the Mackenzie Rebellion the father and son threw in their lot with the Reformers, and the father, being captured by the regulars, was kept a prisoner for some time by the Government. The family are of German descent.

James Sturzaker, deceased, was a native of Lancashire, England, where he was born in 1809. He had served his time to harness-making, and on his arrival in Toronto in 1842, he settled on York Street, in which locality he continued to conduct his business until 1874. He then removed to Weston where he remained carrying on the same trade until the time of his death on September 20, 1884. In 1843 he married Sarah Mayhew, a native of Hamilton, Ontario, by whom he has four children living, viz.: Sarah, born August 9, 1849, married to Joseph Dean in 1870; Lillie, born August 27, 1853; Sophia, born September 28, 1859, married to Thomas Connor, October 15, 1878; Margaret, born October 11, 1857, married to William Bain, February 7, 1883.

John Summer was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1842. He emigrated to Canada in 1878, and taking up his residence in Toronto, remained there two years. He then went to Dundas and from there to Cornwall, subsequently locating in Weston where he yet remains. He married in Dundas Martha Conningsby.

James Syme, proprietor of vegetable and market-garden, Roncesvalles Avenue, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and came to Canada in 1849, being first employed by Mr. Gordon as a gardener for about eight years. In 1859 he visited the Southern States, and on the breaking out of the Civil War, joined the Confederate army. At the Battle of Fort Donaldson he was taken prisoner, and was seven months confined at Camp Douglas, Chicago. He was again wounded and captured at Resacka, Georgia, and suffered another eight months’ confinement, and towards the close of the war was parôled on account of sickness. In 1865 he returned to Toronto, subsequently commencing in the gardening business in conjunction with his brother, in which vocation he since continued. In 1877 the brother retiring from the business, James has since conducted this improving and extensive business alone.

George Syme, proprietor of market-garden, lot 37, concession 3 from the Bay, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and came with his people to Canada in 1862. His father was James Syme, also a market-gardener, who followed that occupation on his settlement here. George first commenced business on Prospect Street, Toronto, afterwards spending some time in Brockville, and on his return to Toronto, bought and settled in his present location, which consists of twenty-five acres of fine gardening land, where he cultivates both plants, vegetables and fruits. He married in Toronto, Elizabeth McDonald, of County Armagh, Ireland, daughter of Daniel McDonald, who now resides in this township; they have a family of three sons and three daughters.

George Townley, proprietor of the steam brick and tile yard, Carlton West, established his business in 1868. From a small beginning, which only gave occupation to six or seven men, he has by industry and enterprise succeeded in building up a trade that will compare favourably with any in the district. He now employs about twenty men, and turns out about two million bricks annually. He also does a large business in sewer-pipes, his output being two millions yearly. In the spring of 1884 he added a steam engine to his works. Mr. Townley is a native of Yorkshire, England, and came to Canada in 1850. He had learned his business before his arrival.

Frederick Wakefield, Carlton, a native of England, came to Canada with his parents. His father, the late William Wakefield, was a native of Oxfordshire, England, who emigrated to Canada in 1873, and commenced the brick manufacturing business in Carlton, which is now carried on by his widow, Mary Wakefield, the executrix of the estate, Frederick being manager. They employ thirteen hands, and turn out about one million bricks annually, also a large quantity of sewer-piping.

Michael Ward, Davenport, is a native of County Cavan, Ireland, and came to Toronto in 1842. He was first engaged carrying the mail before the railway went through. He then carried on business for himself about eight years, subsequently engaging in the milk business, which he continued for five or six years. In 1873 he commenced farming on the Davenport Road, and in the spring of 1884 moved to his present location. He married in 1862 Elizabeth Murphy, a native of County Tyrone, Ireland; they have three sons and one daughter living.

Jesse G. Wardlaw, lot 11, concession 4, was born on the farm where he now resides, and is the son of Alexander G. Wardlaw, deceased, a native of Scotland, who came to Canada about 1836 with his parents and settled with them on the farm above mentioned, where he remained until his death in 1872. Mr. Wardlaw’s grandmother died 3rd November, 1874, at the advanced age of one hundred and two years.

Francis Watson, lot 15, concession 2, is a native of County Monaghan, Ireland, and came out in 1834. He settled at once upon the farm on which he now resides. He was first married to Elizabeth Conland, who died in 1849; two daughters survive her. His second marriage was with Jane Duncan, of this township. His eldest daughter is the wife of George Carruthers of this township.

Joseph Watson, Deputy-reeve, West York Township, is the son of Christopher and Margaret Watson. His father was born in Cumberland, England, and came to Canada in 1819, settling on lot 22, concession 6, four miles north of Weston, where he resided six years; he then removed to the Village of Weston, where he lived until his death in 1828. The surviving children consist of three sons and two daughters: John, who lives on lot 21, concession 6, West York; Joseph, the subject of this sketch, and Thomas, now of Port Hope. John and Joseph commenced farming for themselves when they became of age, and subsequently purchased fifty acres near the homestead. Joseph married in 1850 Caroline M., daughter of Jacob McKay, a native of the United States, but of Scotch parentage; they have two sons and four daughters—the eldest son, William A., is living on lot 1, concession 3, in this township; the second son, John T., lives in the Qu’Appelle district, N. W. Territory; of the daughters, one is married and settled in Peel County; one is in Toronto, and one is on lot 19, concession 5, West York. Mr. Watson has held the office of Deputy-Reeve since 1871, with the exception of two years, and has held other offices of more or less importance. He settled on a farm which he still owns and occupies in 1852, and since that time has purchased the east half of lot 1 and part of lot 2, concession 3, West York, consisting of one hundred and thirty-three acres, also one hundred acres in Toronto Township, being west half of lot 10, concession 6.

Henry Welsh, lot 16, concession 6, was born on the homestead where he now resides. He is the son of Henry Walsh, sen’r, a native of County Monaghan, Ireland, who emigrated to Canada in 1830, and received from his father (who had previously settled and bought land) eighty acres, on which he resided until his death in 1867. His wife was Ann Bell, who died in 1876; three sons and three daughters survive them. Henry Welsh received the homestead at his father’s death by will; one of his sisters resides with him.

James Wright, floral and market-gardener, was born in Yorkshire, England, and emigrated to Canada in 1848. He engaged for a short time in farming, and subsequently adopted the business in which he is now engaged. In 1849 he located on Avenue Road, Yorkville, where he remained until 1875, when he purchased eleven acres on Roncesvalles Avenue, on which he built a residence, hothouses, etc. In 1878 he was burned out; but has since rebuilt, and now has one of the finest gardens in the neighbourhood of the city. Mr. Wright has had a fine opportunity of becoming conversant with all the details of his business, having in early life been employed in the gardens of the Duke of Marlborough at Medley Hall, England. He married Miss Jane Stibbart, daughter of the late Thomas Stibbart, an early pioneer.

A. W. Young, proprietor of greenhouses and market garden, Roncesvalles Avenue, is a native of Tyrone, Ireland, and came to America in 1848. He spent about ten years in the States previous to settling in Toronto in 1858; on his advent he was engaged in a wholesale boot and shoe house eleven years. He then removed to the neighbourhood of Yorkville, on a lot he had purchased in 1866, where he conducted a dairy business for seven years. The tragic occurrence in High Park in July, 1882, in which a boy was killed by a police officer under distressing circumstances, will not easily be forgotten by this family, seeing that the unfortunate youth was a son of the subject of this notice. In the winter of 1882 Mr. Young bought nine acres of land at the above location, where he erected a handsome residence and greenhouses, the latter being 65 x 18 feet. Mr. Young married in 1853 Eliza Kilfarick, a native of County Tyrone, Ireland, by whom he has one son and four daughters living.

TOWNSHIP OF ETOBICOKE.

ACOB ANDERSON, lot 19, concession 2, was born in New Brunswick in 1804, and came along with the other members of his father’s family to Ontario in the year 1806. He bought the property on which he at present resides in 1824, and, in conjunction with his brother Abraham (now deceased), commenced farming. At the time of his first settlement the district was all bush; roads, there were none, and schools, churches, and like institutions had not been thought of as regarded the building of them. He has happily been spared to witness the remarkable improvements which the energetic spirit of a modern civilization makes when once it lays its colonizing hand upon a virgin soil, and we trust he may be spared for long years to come to witness the still greater triumphs which are amongst the evident probabilities of the future. Mr. Anderson married in 1828 Mary Morrow, now deceased; he has two children living.

Andrew Barker, lot 31, concession A, was born in the Township of Vaughan, being the son of the late Aaron Barker, who emigrated to Canada, in the year 1832, with his wife and family consisting of six daughters. He had been accustomed to farming in England, and on his arrival rented a farm in the Township of Vaughan for ten years. In 1841 he purchased the farm where Andrew now resides, and with whom he continued to live until his death, which occurred in 1873. He was a member of the English Church, and took great interest in all matters appertaining to its welfare. Andrew Barker was married in 1864 to Mary Ackrow, by whom he had a family of four children, three boys and one girl. Mr. Barker takes considerable interest in raising the best breeds of cattle and sheep.

Philip Bartholomew, lot 35, concession 7, was born on the lot where he now resides in 1806. His father, Henry Bartholomew, was born in Pennsylvania in 1779, and emigrated from that State to this country in 1800. Philip Bartholomew has been twice married; his first union was in 1833 with Mary Boyer, by whom he had eight children, two boys and six girls. He married again in 1863, his wife being a daughter of the late James Lever; she was the widow of the late Peter Curtis, (his son the Rev. James Curtis being President of the Bay of Quinté Conference of the Methodist Church); her parents came from Bolton, Lancashire, England in 1818. Mr. Bartholomew, sen’r, took part in the War of 1812, and died in 1815.

George Betteridge, lot 36, concession 1, was born in 1822, upon the farm where he at present resides. He is the third son of the late John Betteridge, one of the first settlers in the section, and a native of the city of Bristol, England, who emigrated to Canada with his wife and family, and at first located in Toronto. He was a baker by trade, and on his arrival opened a bakery on Queen Street, where he carried on business for three and a-half years. He then purchased the farm in Etobicoke, at present in possession of his son. George Betteridge was married in 1850 to Sarah Castle, a native of York County, by whom he had eleven children, seven only of whom are living. He is an adherent of the Methodist Church, and has taken an active part in promoting the general good of that body in his neighbourhood, having been a class-leader for twelve years, and led the choir for twenty-five years. He is earnest and sincere in the work he has undertaken, and as a Christian is an example worthy to be followed.

Samuel Woods Bigham, lot 12, concession 1, was born in 1828, on the farm where he now resides, being the son of the late Andrew Bigham, who was born in County Down, Ireland, September 9, 1767, and was one of the first settlers in this township, having emigrated to America before 1800. Andrew Bigham was married twice, by his first wife he had seven children, four girls and three boys, and by his second wife he had nine children, seven boys and two girls. When he first located in Etobicoke it was so sparsely populated that he remained four years without a neighbour to the north and west of his lot. He died April 6, 1843, at the age of seventy-five years and seven months. His wife was sixty-four years old when she died, on February 27, 1853. Samuel W. Bigham married in the year 1849, Eliza Ash. He has not taken much interest in municipal matters, but is Superintendent of the Baptist Sunday school, and has been a School Trustee for a space of six years.

Charles E. Brown, west half of 20 and 21, lot F, range 3, proprietor of market garden, was born in New York State in the year 1839, and came to Canada in 1862, locating first at Niagara, where he worked for six years on a farm. He then moved to Sunnyside, and after spending two years on the farm of his mother-in-law, purchased the property which he now owns. He cultivates both farm and garden produce, and all his crops are in good demand. He married in 1865 Susannah Elizabeth, eldest daughter of James Charles, Esq., one of Toronto’s oldest merchants and residents, he having settled and started in business near the corner of King and Yonge Streets, in 1834. By this lady he had a family of eight children, seven of whom are living.

Joseph F. Brown, lot 11, concession 3, was born on the farm where he now resides, being the son of the late Joseph Brown, who was a man well-known and respected in the neighbourhood. Mr. Brown, sen’r, emigrated from Yorkshire, England, in 1831, and soon after his arrival settled upon the farm now occupied by the subject of this sketch. The mother is still living and in good health, having reached the age of seventy-seven years.

William Burgess, lot 1, concession 6, was born in Middlesex County, England, in 1844, and came to Canada with his father’s family when ten years of age. They came direct to Toronto, and lived a few years on Dundas Street, and followed the occupation of gardening. In 1860 William Burgess moved to his present farm, where he does a considerable amount of vegetable and fruit-growing. He also ships a large quantity of vegetables, etc., to the States. He married in 1871 Margaret Griggs, by whom he has four children.

Matthew Canning, lot 17, concession 1, was born in the City of New York in 1827, being the son of the late Joseph Canning, who emigrated from Ireland and settled in New York, where he remained about four years previous to coming to Canada. He took up his residence in York Township, and located at different places until 1832, when he moved with his family to Etobicoke Township, and purchased the farm which his son Matthew now owns, where he lived until his death. Our subject took possession of the homestead, and, by industry and perseverance, has considerably improved the property, to which he has since added, owning now about four hundred acres of land. He has taken a lively interest in municipal affairs, and from being a member of the Township Council, was elected Deputy-reeve, and afterwards Reeve, which position he has filled with consummate ability for the past eleven years. He married in 1848 Janet Anderson, by whom he has a family of twelve children, eleven of whom are still living. His eldest son resides on the farm; five daughters are married.

James Carruthers was born in Cumberland, England, in 1813, and is a son of the late James Carruthers, who emigrated to Canada with his family in the year 1822, and settled in York Township. The township was then but thinly populated, there being no place of worship nearer than Weston, where a small Methodist Church had been erected; their wheat they had to carry to Pine Grove, it being the nearest grist-mill, which was run by old John Smith. James Carruthers was married in 1841 to Hannah Hind, also a native of Cumberland, England, by whom they had a family of twelve children, four of whom only are living. The family are adherents of the English Church.

Allan Castle, lot 28, concession A, was born on the farm where he now resides, and is the second son of the late Robert Castle, who emigrated from Yorkshire, England, about the year 1818. Robert had served his time to shoemaking, but did not continue in that business, evidently preferring the medical profession, which he followed for four years. After his arrival in Toronto he sailed the lakes for two or three years, as captain of a vessel plying between Toronto and Lewiston, afterwards following the occupation of bookkeeper for a similar period. He then turned his attention to farming, and purchased a farm in Markham, where he stayed two years, subsequently in 1825 he bought the land in Etobicoke, where his son Allan now lives together with his brothers, Thomas and James, and his sister Matilda. The family are members of the Methodist Church.

William Cave, carpenter, Thistletown Village, is a native of Gloucestershire, England, and was born in the year 1810. He emigrated to Canada in 1832, and came direct to Toronto, the cholera being very bad throughout the country at the time; which somewhat disheartened him. He proceeded to Weston, and there settled down to his trade, building houses, barns, and all other works of the kind required in the neighbourhood. The first frame house put up in Thistletown was the driving house for Devin’s. Mr. Cave’s long residence in the township, and possessing as he does a good memory, together with more than ordinary power of observation, enables him to trace with much distinctness the rise and progress of the municipality. In the absence of schools within convenient distances, a teacher usually travelled around from farm to farm; spending a week here and there, and by these primitive means the children were not left completely without education. Mr. Cave married in 1834 Eve Philips; they had a family of nine children, seven of whom are yet living. The family are members of the Methodist Church. Mr. Cave remembers the old Indian, John Etobicoke, and his squaw, after whom the township was named.

Matthew Codling, lot 37, concession 4, was born in Etobicoke Township in 1838, being the eldest son of the late John Codling, who died in 1847. Mr. Codling, sen’r, emigrated to Canada at an early day and spent some years in Toronto, holding the position of brewer at Helliwell’s brewery. In 1826 he left Toronto and purchased a farm in the Township of Etobicoke, the one at present in the possession of Matthew, which is now considered one of the nicest in the township. Mr. Codling was married in the year 1863; his wife was Mary Pekins, a Canadian by birth; the issue of this union being four children. He has two brothers, who also have farms in the township, Thomas and John. The family are adherents of the English Church, and are much respected in the neighbourhood.

Robert Coulter is a native of County Down, Ireland, and was born in the year 1818. His father emigrated to Canada with his family in 1822 and remained for a short time in Toronto; from there he removed to Etobicoke and settled on some land he purchased from D’Arcy Boulton. As an instance of the straits to which they were often put, it is recorded that a man named Stoddard carried a barrel of flour on his back from Toronto to Islington, a distance of nine miles. Mr. Robert Coulter was married in 1851 to Ann Jane Patterson, by whom he had a family of twelve children, seven daughters and five sons, viz.: Martha Ann, born April 18, 1852; Elizabeth Agnes, born September 1, 1853; Andrew, born January 20, 1855; Isabella, born July 8, 1857; Robert Wilson, born April 17, 1859; Albert Edward, born June 15, 1861; Hannah Caroline, born September 3, 1863; Sarah Maria, born April 18, 1865; Emily Adaline, born November 26, 1866; Florence Louise, born September 27, 1868; David Wesley, born October 14, 1870; Frederick Arthur, born July 30, 1874. Incidentally we may mention that no death has occurred upon this farm for fifty years.

Meade Creech, builder, Lambton Mills, was born in the County of Cork, Ireland, in 1825, and came to America with his parents the same year. They settled in Philadelphia, U. S., and after a period of four years came to Canada and settled at Scarlet Factory, on Black Creek, where they remained about fourteen years, during which time Mr. Creech, sen’r, took the factory from Mr. William Taylor and assumed entire control. They subsequently removed to Lambton Mills, then known as “Cooper’s,” where Mr. Creech worked in the mill for a Mr. Hobson, since which time the family have been located there. Mr. Creech, sen’r, died in the year 1866. Meade Creech was married in Hamilton in 1851 to Charlotte Jane McCammon, a native of Prescott. Our subject is a builder by trade, and several dwellings and other buildings in the district testify to his skill and ability.

Francis Daniels, lots 26 and 27, range 2, was born in Yorkville, Toronto, in 1841. He is the fifth son in a family of eight sons and two daughters born to William Daniels, who emigrated from England in 1837, and followed the business of market gardening for a number of years. Francis for a long time assisted his father in the business, and in 1871 he purchased the farm on which he now resides, and in connection with general farming does a market gardening business. He married in 1866 Susan Lane, a native of the United States; they have a family of five children, two girls and three boys.

Mark Dawson, lot 14, concession 3, is the second son now living of the late Mark Dawson mentioned elsewhere. Our subject was brought up to farming and owns a good farm in this township, which he has leased in consequence of the ill-health of his wife and himself, and is now living in Weston. He married in 1864 Ellen Jane Waugh, of Irish parentage, by whom he has a family of eight children. The family belong to the Methodist persuasion.

William Dawson, lot 15, concession 3, was born on the farm he now owns and occupies, which formerly belonged to his father, the late Mark Dawson, who emigrated from England in 1824, and settled upon the farm the same year. He died in the fall of 1865. Mr. William Dawson was married in 1872 to Elizabeth Hadden, a Canadian by birth; they have a family of seven children. He has two brothers, Mark, now living in Weston, and Thomas, in the Township of Essa.

John Dixon, lot 30, concession 1, was born in this township in 1841, being the son of the late John Dixon, a native of Westmoreland, England, one of the earliest settlers in this district. Our subject’s grandfather and family located in the township when they had no neighbours around them for miles and the country generally was in its virgin state. Mr. John Dixon has five brothers and six sisters, all of whom are living. He married Deborah Bolton, the youngest daughter of the late Thomas Bolton, a sketch of whose life appears below. Mr. Dixon is a member of the Baptist Church. Thomas Bolton, deceased, was born in Yorkshire, England, and emigrated to Canada in 1828. He lived about eighteen months in the Province of Quebec, afterwards coming forward to York County, where he purchased the farm in Etobicoke on which Mr. Dixon now lives, and on which he himself resided about fifty years. After leaving the farm he retired into private life and took up his abode in Weston, where he lived two years and four months, being eighty years old when he died. During his lifetime he was largely interested in the raising of thoroughbred Durham cattle, and was one of the first in the township who embarked in this business.

John Doyle, lot 26, concession 3, was born in this township on February 1, 1830, being the third son of the late James Doyle, who was an early settler in Etobicoke. His father emigrated from the County of Wexford, Ireland, in 1819, and landed in New York, having made extraordinarily quick sailing across the Atlantic in nineteen days. He remained for a time in New York State and worked on the Lockport Canal, and while there married; shortly afterwards came to Canada and settled in Vaughan Township, where he stayed two years. He then purchased in 1828 the farm in Etobicoke on which his son John now resides, where he lived until his death in 1873. He had a family of twelve children, five boys and seven girls. The subject of this sketch travelled a good deal in his youth through the United States, and finally in 1864 settled down on the old homestead. He married in 1866 Mary Egan, a Canadian by birth; they have a family of six boys and two girls, and have buried one—a boy. In religion the family are of the Roman Catholic faith.

John Duck, hotel proprietor, Mimico, was born near Newmarket, in Whitchurch Township, and is the son of William Duck, who is still living. Our subject was brought up to farming, but ultimately entered the hotel business, and commenced on Colborne Street, Toronto, which place he left in 1866. He belonged to the band of the 10th Royals, and accompanied the regiment to Ridgeway at the time of the Fenian Raid. From there he went to bush farm in the Township of Bentinck where he stayed three years, and then bought the property on which he now lives, known as Duck’s Hotel, situated at the mouth of the Humber. Placed as it is in the midst of one of the most attractive summer resorts of the inhabitants of the city, Mr. Duck has spared no expense to beautify and adorn his extensive pleasure grounds, which during the season are in great demand for pic-nics, etc. He built the wharf at the mouth of the Humber which bears his name, and through his enterprise was formed the company who run the steamboat Annie Craig, to and fro between Toronto and the wharf in question. Mr. Duck has been presented with a gold watch and a medal by the Humane Society for saving life. He married in 1863 Rhoda Trotter, by whom he has six children living, one having died.

John Dillon Evans, J.P., Islington, was born in the Township of Trafalgar, in the County of Halton, on July 19, 1841. His father John Evans, son of Richard and Isabella Evans (Mrs. Evans’ maiden name was Anderson), of County Cavan, Ireland, came to Toronto in 1825. The city was then in its infancy, and he used to tell that there were only five brick houses then in it. In 1834 he went to New York, and on the 19th of April, 1837, was married by the late Bishop Onderdenck to Eliza Dillon, daughter of Christopher and Elizabeth (Nee Drummond) Dillon, of Dublin, Ireland. John Evans and wife then settled on lot 3, concession 5, New Survey, Trafalgar, where he lived until his death in 1863. During the Rebellion of 1837 he turned out with the militia to do his duty as a loyal citizen in quelling the Rebels. John Dillon Evans came to Etobicoke in 1872, having purchased lot 5 in the first range of the township. He at once turned his attention to fruit-growing, which he has since followed. In 1879 he removed to the Village of Islington where he now resides. He was married on the 30th of January, 1867, by the Rev. Canon Tremayne, to Isabella Beatty, third daughter of the late Joseph Beatty, of Tyrone, Ireland, by whom he has three children. Mr. Evans was in 1876 appointed a Justice of the Peace. He has taken an active part in promoting the interests of the Etobicoke Agricultural Society, of which he has been a director about ten years, and several times President. Mr. Evans was three years a Councillor, five years Deputy-reeve, and is now the Reeve of the township.

John Foote, lot 25, concession A, was born in Newfoundland in 1816, and came with his parents and family to Ontario in 1844. His father, the late John Foote, settled on the farm on which the subject of this sketch and his brother William still live. Neither of the brothers are married.

James Fuller, lots 19 and 21, concession E, was born in Norfolk County, England, in 1846, and emigrated to Canada in 1871. He lived in Toronto seven years, and was in the employment of the Grand Trunk Railway during that period. In 1878 he purchased the farm where he now lives, which he cultivates principally for vegetables, fruit, etc., which he disposes of in the city. He married in 1867 in England Sophia Percy, by whom he has two children, both girls.

George Garbutt, lot 28, concession B, is a native of this township, and was born in 1829, being the eldest son of the late George Garbutt, who emigrated from Yorkshire, England, in 1819. His father worked in Toronto for a short time, and subsequently drew land in the Township of Albion, where he remained but a few months, afterwards purchasing land in Etobicoke. He married in 1825 Elizabeth, widow of the late Daniel Trimmer, by whom he had a family of three sons and two daughters, George being the only surviving son. The latter commenced farming on his own account on concession A of this township, in 1863. He married in 1864 Hannah Chapman; they have a family of eight children. Mr. Garbutt is a member of the Baptist Church. We may mention that our subject has been very successful in getting together a comfortable home for himself and family. At the time of the settlement of Mr. Garbutt, sen’r, in the township, there was no cleared land after leaving lot 28, concession A, Etobicoke, and no road but blazed trees from there to Albion.

James Gardhouse, lots 32, 33 and 34, concession 4, was born in Cumberland, England, 1834, and came to Canada with his father and family in 1837. They came direct to Toronto, where they remained three months, and the father having purchased land in Etobicoke on lots 32, 33 and 34, concession 4, they went and settled there, the same farm being now in the possession of our subject. James Gardhouse married in 1855 Ann Stobbart, by whom he has a family of eight children. The family are adherents of the Baptist Church.

Thomas Griffiths, hotel proprietor, Thistletown Village, was born in York Township in 1856, being the fourth son of Matthew Griffiths of the same township, who was one of the earliest settlers in York, having emigrated from the County Cavan, Ireland, in company with three brothers. Thomas followed farming, and is proprietor of the only hotel in the Village of Thistletown, which he has kept three years. He married in 1880 Maria Ramsey, by whom he has a family of two children. They are adherents of the English Church.

William Grubb, lots 30 and 31, concession B, is a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, and was born in the year 1812. He emigrated to Canada in 1832 accompanied by his uncle, William Grubb, and after a rough passage, extending over six weeks, they were ultimately wrecked on the coast of New Brunswick, losing their personal effects, but fortunately without loss of life. After a delay of six weeks, during which time they remained without shelter, they were taken to Quebec, and thence to Montreal, from which city they removed to Toronto, after a stay there of ten days. The year following their arrival in Toronto our subject’s father, the late John Grubb, came out from Scotland, and the father and son, after considerable trouble, finally settled on the farm now owned by the latter. Mr. Grubb married in 1850 Mary Hetherington, of English birth. In religion the family belong to the English Church. The late Mr. John Grubb was one of the first to introduce plank roads in the district, and was President of the Weston Plank Road at the time of its building.

Francis Hendry, lot B, concession 1, L. S. R., was born in the Village of Eglington, York County, in 1837, being a son of the late George Hendry, who emigrated from Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1831. The latter followed farming, and was a man well-known and respected in the township. He moved in 1849 to the farm, on which Francis now lives, where he died. Two brothers, Robert and Donald, reside with our subject on the old homestead. He married in 1882 Lavinia Meredith, of English parentage, by whom he has one child.

Octavius L. Hicks, hotel proprietor, Mimico, was born near Dundee, Scotland, in 1852, and came to America in 1871; after spending one year in the United States, he came to Canada and located for a short time in Hamilton, eventually taking up his residence in Toronto, where he carried on business as contractor and builder for about two years. In 1873 he removed to the mouth of the Humber and commenced the business he had formerly followed in England (boat building), which he still continues in conjunction with his hotel business. His house, “The Royal Oak,” has excellent accommodation for excursionists, pleasure and pic-nic parties, and contains a large room suitable for balls, banquets, etc. He has a large variety of pleasure boats and yachts to order. He is the inventor and patentee of the roller sliding-seats for racing boats, similar to those used by Mr. Hanlan. Mr. Hicks has been instrumental in saving the lives of five persons on four different occasions, having rescued two persons at one time. He also formed one of the company who started the Annie Craig steamboat running daily in the season between the Humber and the city. He was married in 1874 to Hannah Taverner, by whom he has five children, all boys.

D. F. Horner, lots 8, 9 and 10, concession 2, was born in the Township of Markham, York County, being the seventh son of Mr. Emanuel Horner, one of the first settlers in Markham Township. His father, in conjunction with his uncle, the late Mr. Daniel Horner, built the first steam saw-mill in this township, and in connection with his lumber business farmed on an extensive scale. Our subject lived with his father until twenty years of age, and then went into business on his own account, and ran a steam saw-mill for several years. He afterwards settled down on the old homestead and turned his attention to farming, but at the expiration of seven years he moved to Toronto, and was engaged in buying and selling real estate for about four years, when he purchased the farm of three hundred acres on which he has since resided. He married in 1861; his wife’s maiden name was Elizabeth Wagg, born in Canada of English parentage on her father’s side, her mother being an American. Their family consists of seven children. Mr. Horner has taken some interest in municipal matters, and is at present a member of the Township Council, having occupied that position for four years.

Richard Johnston, retired, Thistletown, was born in the Township of Cavan, Durham County, in 1821, being the third son in a family of seven children. His father, the late Robert Johnston, of Irish extraction, removed from New York to Canada in 1818, and taking up his residence in Cavan Township, brought up his family. On leaving home Richard came to Etobicoke, and embarked in the mercantile business at Thistletown, which he conducted successfully for twenty-two years, and for twelve years during that period undertook the duties of Post-master. In connection with the above business he cultivated a farm which he leased on his retirement about five years ago. Mr. Johnston has been twice married, first to Margaret Weir, of Otonabec, near Peterboro’; by her he had two children, one of whom (a son) is now living in Etobicoke. His second marriage was in 1858 to Mary Duncan; the fruit of this union is three daughters and one son, all living. The two eldest daughters are married, one to Mr. George Rowntree, and the other to Rev. Henry Harper, Methodist minister. With the exception of Mr. Johnston himself, who is a Presbyterian, the family are of the Methodist persuasion.

Andrew Kaale, lot 35, concession 1, was born in this township on the lot where he now resides, and is the third son of the late Adam Kaale, an early settler in Etobicoke. His father came from Pennsylvania to Canada with his parents in 1796, when only six years of age, when they settled on the farm now occupied by Mr. Allan Castle; from there they removed to concession 3, subsequently to the farm where Andrew now lives, and where Adam, the father of our subject, died. Mr. Andrew Kaale married in 1871 Elizabeth Nichol, a Canadian by birth. They are members of the Methodist Church.

James Kellam, lot 31, concession 2, was born in the Township of Vaughan in the year 1838, and is the eldest son of Mr. John Kellam, of this township, whose biographical notice appears elsewhere. James was brought up to farming and remained with his father until 1864, when he settled on the farm which he still owns and lives upon. He married in 1850 Emma Victoria Havill, a Canadian by birth, of English parentage; her father was the late Richard Havill, Esq., J.P., of Rainham Township, Haldimand County. They have two children, viz.: Alice A., born October 18, 1860, and Richard H., born 29th January, 1862, both of whom are still living upon the old homestead with their parents. In religion Mr. James Kellam is an adherent of the Methodist Church. He has taken an active part in municipal matters, having been a member of the Township Council for the past seven years, and has always exerted himself and supported useful measures for the general good of the municipality.

John Kellam was born in Wymondon, England, on the 31st December, 1806. He was early initiated in farming, and on coming to Canada with his father and family in 1831, engaged in the same industry. His father was a shoemaker, and on his arrival in York settled in Vaughan Township, where he followed that trade as long as his health and strength would permit. Our subject took up land on lot 9, concession 9, Vaughan, which he cleared and cultivated for about thirteen years, when he sold out and removed to Rainham Township, Haldimand County. He continued there six years, subsequently returning to York County, and purchased a farm in Etobicoke, lot 32, concession 3, where he remained thirteen years, after which he moved to lot 32, concession 2, where he lived until recently, and is now living in retirement. Mr. Kellam was married in the year 1837 to Rachel Sleightholm; his family number eight boys and three girls, his sons being all settled in the neighbourhood and doing well. The family belong to the Methodist Church.

John McLellan, lot 23, concession 1, was born in Bothwell, Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1807. His father, John McLellan, died when our subject was an infant; his mother is still living in Etobicoke, and is one hundred and one years old.

Charles Mason, lots 7 and 8, range 5, is a native of Yorkshire, England, the year of his birth being 1836. He emigrated to Canada when twenty-one years of age, and after remaining a few months in Toronto moved to Etobicoke Township, and hired out among farmers for seven years. In 1865 he settled on the farm where he now lives, containing one hundred and sixty acres, which he cultivates in garden produce for market. Mr. Mason married in 1867 Matilda Eccles, by whom he has a family of six children.

John Moody, lot 40, concession 4, is a native of Yorkshire, England, where he was born in 1815. His father, the late Robert Moody, came with his family to Canada in 1831, and settled in Etobicoke with his eldest son James (now deceased), who had come out before the other members of the family. Our subject has principally been employed in farming; he purchased some land on lot 38, concession 4, which he lived on and cultivated for over thirty years; he retired from active work about three or four years ago. He was married in 1840 to Sarah Gardhouse, by whom he had eleven children, all living in this neighbourhood. Mr. Moody was Tax-Collector of the township for four years. He is a member of the Baptist Church.

Charles Nurse, hotel proprietor, Mimico, was born in Maidstone, Kent, England, in 1841, and emigrated to Canada in the year 1871. He had previously served his time and worked at the trade of plane and carpenter’s tool maker, and on his arrival in Toronto worked as carpenter for about nine months, after which he followed the occupation of saw sharpener. He came to his present place of business in 1876, the well-known Nurse’s Hotel, at the mouth of the Humber, where he has accommodation in the summer months for a large number of excursionists, pic-nic parties, etc.; the pleasure grounds in connection therewith form no inconsiderable portion of the attraction of the hotel. Mr. Nurse is a shareholder in the Annie Craig boat, which makes four trips per day during the season, between the City and the Humber, commencing on the 24th of May. Our subject was married in 1865 to Mary Sunnuck; they had one child, a boy. Mr. Nurse has earned a wide-spread reputation as a runner, having defeated all opponents at distances varying from one to ten miles, and the trophies of his numerous victories on view at the hotel are to him a source of pardonable pride. He also does quite a business in fishing in the spring which he markets in the city; he builds his own boats for this purpose. Mr. Nurse has been instrumental in saving a number of lives from drowning in his vicinity, and in addition to several medals received from the Humane Society, he has been presented by friends of the rescued parties with valuable mementoes of his courage.

Edward O’Brien, lot 29, concession 3, is a native of this township, and was born in 1852, being the youngest son of the late Christopher O’Brien. His father was one of the earliest settlers in this part of the township, and emigrated from County Westmeath, Ireland, at an early day, and lived for over fifty years on the lot now occupied by his son Edward, and followed the occupation of farming up to the period of his death. He had two other sons farmers, Patrick in the Township of Mornington, Perth County, and Thomas in Clinton, Huron County. The subject of this notice has always remained on the old homestead, which he became possessed of at his father’s death. His mother died about two years ago. He married in 1884 Elizabeth Shannon, of Canadian birth. He belongs to the Roman Catholic faith.

Jonathan Orth, lots E and F, was born in the Township of Markham, York County, in 1815. His father, Abraham Orth, emigrated from the State of Pennsylvania after the War of Independence, and settled in Markham, being one of the first pioneers of that section. His family consisted of four sons and two daughters, of whom Jonathan was the youngest, two other of his sons are still living, one in Toronto Township, Peel County, and one in Woodstock, Oxford County. Mr. Orth, sen’r, removed from Markham to Etobicoke Township, and was amongst the first settlers in this township. He died here in 1843. Jonathan inherited a part of his father’s patrimony, and has been very successful through life. Having grown up as it were with the growth of the township, he has taken an active part in municipal matters; he was for sixteen years Assessor, and while a member of the Council held for some time the office of Deputy-Reeve; was School Trustee for over twenty-one years, and is now Secretary and Treasurer of the Board. He was twice married, first to Miss McDonnell in 1835, by whom he had a family of four children. His second wife was Miss Rutledge, of Canadian birth, also dead; the fruit of this union was one child. Mr. Orth is still hale and hearty in spite of advancing years, and appears likely to live long—which is the earnest wish of all his friends—to enjoy the comforts with which through the labours of a long life he has been able to surround himself.

Jerad Paisley, lot 19, concession 3, is a native of Fermanagh, Ireland, and came with his father and family to Canada in 1817; they located in Toronto for some months, and while here Mr. Paisley, sen’r, unfortunately lost his life. Being desirous of forwarding some letters to the Old Country, he, in company with two others, rowed off to a vessel lying in the Bay about to sail east, and on their return to shore they were overtaken by a squall, which capsized the small boat; his companions saved themselves by clinging to the overturned craft, but Mr. Paisley, not so fortunate, was drowned. The widow married again, and young Jerad lived with his step-father until he was sixteen years of age. He was brought up to farming, and on commencing for himself obtained fifty acres in the Gore of Toronto which he cleared; this he afterwards sold, and purchased one hundred acres in Etobicoke, the same on which he now lives. He married in 1838 Rebecca Rutledge, also a native of Fermanagh. During the Mackenzie Rebellion Mr. Paisley joined Denison’s Cavalry and remained until the disbandment of the volunteers. Mr. Paisley was twice married; his second wife’s name was Martha Ann Hillis. The family consists of five sons and five daughters, some of the sons being in the service of the Government.

James Peacock, lot 17, concession 3, was born on the lot where he now resides in the year 1830. He is the second son and fourth in order in the family of Jonathan Peacock, one of the first settlers in Etobicoke. The latter was a native of Helmsley, England, and when he first settled here no roads, or the still more visible signs of civilization, churches and schools, were to be seen. Religious worship was conducted in different farm houses by a Mr. Robert Walker, of Toronto, who travelled to and fro on foot. James Peacock married in 1859; his wife’s name was Mary Dawson, a daughter of Mr. Mark Dawson; they have a family of seven children living; two are dead. Mr. Peacock has succeeded in making a very comfortable home for himself and family.

Thomas Ramage, lot 17, concession 4, was born in Scotland in 1826 and accompanied his parents to Canada in 1833. Almost immediately on their arrival in York they removed to and settled in the Gore of Toronto, where his father, the late James Ramage, engaged in farming until his death in 1838. Thomas continued to reside on the old homestead until 1853, when he moved to the Township of Etobicoke and purchased the property where is situated his present residence. Mr. Ramage married in 1853 Maria Mercer, of Canadian birth, by whom he has one daughter, now married. They belong to the Methodist Church.

George Rowntree, lot 34, concession A, was born in this township in 1856, being a son of Joseph Rowntree, deceased, late of Weston, a sketch of whose life appears under another heading. Our subject lived continuously with his father up to the two years preceding the death of the latter. In 1881 he embarked in the grist and milling business at the Humberford Mills, in addition to which he farms the lot above mentioned. Mr. Rowntree married in 1883 Angeline Duncan Johnstone, of Canadian birth.

John Rowntree, lot 38, concession A, was born in this township in the year 1846, being the eldest son of the late Joseph Rowntree, one of the earliest settlers in this section. Mr. Rowntree, sen’r, emigrated from Cumberland, England, in 1830, and having learned the milling business continued the same on his arrival here. In the year 1843 he built the flour-mill now known as the Green Holm Mills, which he conducted until 1877, removing to Weston about that time, where he lived until his death a year or two after; his wife is still living. The Humberford Mills, about a mile south of the present locality, were also started by the deceased gentleman, and are now owned by George Rowntree, a younger brother of the subject of this sketch. John Rowntree married in 1876 Sarah Hamilton Torrance, of Etobicoke; the result of the union being three children—one boy and two girls. Mr. Rowntree does a large merchant milling business, his brand of flour in the market being known as a superior article; he also runs a saw-mill in connection on the York side of the Humber. The family are adherents of the Methodist Church.

Joseph Rush, lot 1, range 3, was born in Oxfordshire, England, in 1849. He emigrated to Canada in 1868, came direct to Mimico, and hired out for four or five years. He purchased in 1870 the property on which he now resides, and in 1873 commenced market-gardening, in which he has been successful, finding a great and increasing demand for his produce; occasionally he ships to the States. He was married in 1874; his wife being Caroline Burgess, by whom he has a family of four children.

Newman Silverthorne, lot 10, concession 4, was born in the Township of Etobicoke, as also his father before him. His grandfather came from Jersey and settled in this section as a pioneer. Newman was educated in Toronto at a school on Colborne Street, kept by a Mr. Hodgson. Having lived all his life in the township he has noted with satisfaction the vast improvements which have taken place, and well remembers the first baptism which took place at the Baptist Church, Somerville. Mr. Silverthorne married in 1857 Almira Beals, by whom he has a family of four children.

William Simpson, brick manufacturer, Mimico, was born in the County of Derry, Ireland, in 1820, and accompanied by his brother John came to America in 1836. He lived for about eight years in the United States, and while there his brother died. He then came to Canada, and located in Toronto, where he resided thirty-seven years and followed his present business on Kingston Road and in the city, the latter place being on the site now occupied by the Grand Trunk Railway shops. He also made bricks on South Park Street, near the Don, and supplied bricks for some of the principal buildings in Toronto. He subsequently went to Carlton and conducted the same business there for a period of three years, ultimately taking possession of his present premises where he still continues to manufacture red brick on a large scale. He was twice married, first in 1842, by which union there were three children. His second wife was Catharine Doherty, by whom he has a family of thirteen children. He has a son who keeps a hotel on the corner of Yonge and Richmond Streets, Toronto.

Thomas Wilson Smith, lots 9, 10 and 11, concession B, is the son of the late Thomas Smith, who kept a hotel on the Dundas Road for over seventeen years. The latter was from Yorkshire, England, and on his arrival in Toronto was engaged in the manufacture of crockery ware for three years. He afterwards kept the Bay Horse Hotel in the city for two years, and then took up his residence in Islington on the Dundas Road, where Thomas Wilson Smith was born in 1857. He was brought up principally to farming, and now occupies one hundred and four acres left him by his father, who died in 1872; his mother is still living. Thomas Wilson married in 1878 Mary Ann Marshall, by whom he has three children.

Edward Stock, lots 13 and 14, Mimico Estate, is a native of Lancashire, England, and was born in the year 1815. His father was James Stock who, emigrating to Canada with his family in 1830, came direct to York County, and settled in the Township of Etobicoke on lot 8, meridian 2, where he commenced farming, after having cleared the land which was at first all bush. Edward remained with his father until his marriage, which took place in 1836; his wife’s maiden name was O’Hara (now deceased), and the fruit of the union was eight children, all living but one. On leaving the homestead he rented a farm in the township where he lived about twenty years, afterwards purchasing the property on which he now resides, about one hundred and ninety acres. Mr. Stock has a very comfortable home and a well-tilled farm.

John Strong, lot 15, concession A, was born in the Township of Albion, Peel County, and is the son of Mr. Henry Strong of that section. The latter is a very old settler in Albion, and came out in 1835 from County Cavan, Ireland, and took an active part as a Loyalist in the Rebellion of 1837-8. Our subject came to Etobicoke in 1862, and took possession of a farm purchased for him by his father; the same farm on which he at present resides and owns. At the time of his first settlement only about thirty acres were fit for tillage, the rest being bush which he has since cleared, and he now has one of the finest farms in the township. Mr. Strong was married in 1867; his wife was Mary Jane, daughter of Mr. Matthew Canning, the present Reeve of Etobicoke. They had seven children, two of whom are dead. Mr. Strong has been an active member of the Loyal Orange Association for over twenty-five years, having joined L.O.L. No. 184, Albion, July 12, 1859.

Henry Thomas, lot 40, concession 4, waggon-maker, was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1817, and came to Canada with his mother and family in 1830. His father had come to Canada about ten years previously, and died two years after his arrival. The family came direct to Etobicoke, and settled on lot 17, concession 4, for a short time, afterwards moving to lot 31, concession 3, the same farm being now in possession of our subject’s brother, Richard Thomas. In the year 1835 Henry went to Brampton, and was taught the trade of waggon-maker, and after remaining there six years, removed to Clairville where he carried on a waggon-making business for twenty years. He then came to the lot above-mentioned, and commenced farming on a small scale, which he continued some time, and in 1878 returned to the Village of Clairville and recommenced the waggon business which he still conducts. He married in the year 1840 Eleanor Hetherington, of English birth; they have no family. Mr. Thomas for many years belonged to the Primitive Methodist Church, and was superintendent of the Sabbath school for about twenty-five years.

George A. Thompson, meridian 2, is descended from a family who settled in this township in 1803. His grandfather, Alexander Thompson, was a sergeant in the King’s Rangers, and on receiving his discharge together with a pension, he drew two hundred acres of land from the Government, on which he located in the year above-mentioned. As an instance of the value of land in those days we may mention that the half of this lot was sold shortly afterwards for a set of harrow pins, an old mare and $30 in cash; the same one hundred acres is now worth over $10,000. His father, the late Archibald Thompson, was born on the farm adjoining that which is occupied by the son; he died February 12, 1865. Mr. George A. Thompson was married in 1877 to Georgina Peers. Among the reminiscences of Old Toronto handed down by the grandfather, we may mention that he remembers well the Americans landing at York in 1812, and the bodies being laid out after the explosion of the magazine. He was out at the time of the Rebellion of 1837, and the family are still in possession of the musket which he carried on the memorable occasion of the Yonge Street skirmish. He planted potatoes on the present site of Osgoode Hall.

John Torrance, lot 38, concession 1, was born in the Parish of Stonehouse, Lanarkshire, Scotland, on July 22, 1819. In his youth he was employed in the distillery business for about eighteen years, and worked for three different firms in Scotland. He came to Canada in 1848, and, on locating in York County, Ontario, worked for one year in Scarboro’ Township. He afterwards worked in Vaughan Township, and in 1851 rented a farm where he lived for two years, keeping bachelor’s hall. In 1853 he married Miss Jane McLellan, of Etobicoke, by whom he has a family of seven children, five girls and two boys. In the year 1869 he purchased the farm where he now resides, which he continues assiduously to cultivate. His interest in all matters agricultural has been very great, he having in his possession several prizes received at different fairs for his exhibits.

Thomas Umpleby, lots 6 and 7, concession 3, was born in the neighbourhood of Doncaster, Yorkshire, England, and emigrated to Canada in 1842. He came direct to Toronto, and worked for a few months with Jacques and Hay; afterwards rented a farm near Springfield, Toronto Township, where he remained seven years. He then removed to a two-hundred-acre farm in the Indian Village, having obtained a lease for ten years, but at the expiration of two years was obliged to retire on account of a fit of ague. He next went to Somerville, and worked for two years at the chair factory, afterwards renting the same, which business he conducted for seven or eight years. He subsequently rented two farms on Dundas Road near Dixie, where he stayed ten years, which proved very successful in a pecuniary sense, and ultimately purchased the farm where he now resides. Mr. Umpleby married in 1844 Mary Vaughan, by whom he has a family of four daughters and one son living, two sons having died. The daughters are all married.

Peter Wardlaw, lot 24, concession A, is a native of Scotland, and was born near Glasgow, being the youngest living son of the late Peter Wardlaw, who emigrated with his wife and family to Canada in the year 1835. His father came direct to York County, and purchased land in concession 4 of West York, where he lived until his death; his wife, the mother of our subject, is still living in this township, and is ninety-nine years of age; she is a native of Scotland, and was born near Bothwell Bridge, the scene of the historical battle of that name. The family consisted of eleven children, three only being now alive. The subject of this biographical notice lived with his father on the old homestead until 1844; and having married the year previous he took possession of the farm where he now lives. His wife’s name was Julia Clark, who was born in Canada of Irish parents; they have a family of seven children. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church.

Charles Ware, merchant, was born in Bridgewater, Somersetshire, England, in 1824. Before coming to Canada in 1849, he had been for a short time in the boot and shoe business in Birmingham, and on his arrival here he started the same business at 103 Yonge Street, Toronto, which he continued for ten years. He subsequently went to Hamilton and after a short stay there of seven months returned to Toronto and resumed business. In 1859 he came to Lambton Mills, and, after seven years spent in the shoe business, he commenced the general store which he at present carries on. He married the year before he emigrated, his wife’s maiden name was Elizabeth Knight.

John Watt, retired, Thistletown Village, was a blacksmith by trade and a native of Scotland. He was born in 1820 at North Berwick, East Lothian. His father was a soldier in the British Army, and our subject’s early years were spent with his grandparents. After learning his trade in Berwickshire he came to Canada in 1843, and worked for his father in Toronto, the latter having received his honourable discharge from the Royal Artillery, for seven years. About the end of this time he married Ann Fleming, and a year later (1850) he moved from Toronto to his present residence in Thistletown, where he followed his trade until a short time ago. His first wife having died, he married a second time Mary Fleming; his family consists of two sons, one by each wife. He has been very successful in business, and his present comfortable home is the result of thrift and industry. Mr. Watt is a member of the Presbyterian Church.

Robert Wilson, lot 32, concession B, was born in the parish of Mullabrack, County Armagh, Ireland, in 1817, being the third son of Mr. Joseph Wilson, of that place. Our subject served in the Irish Constabulary four years and nine months and emigrated to Canada in 1849, accompanied by his wife and two children. After landing, his wife and family were taken ill with fever, which delayed their arrival in York two months. He first settled in York Township, where he lived about ten years. In the year 1873 he bought the farm on which he now lives, and during his settlement here has done remarkably well, his present comfortable home abundantly testifying to this fact. He married in 1845, before he left Ireland, Martha McLellan, by whom he had a family of nine children, one of whom is dead. Of four sons living, one is the Rev. William Wilson; one daughter married the Rev. Matthew Couron.

Samuel R. Wood, lot 8, concession 1, was born in the City of New York, being the eldest son of the late Samuel Wood, a well-known and respected resident of Etobicoke. The latter emigrated from England in 1830, and remained in the United States about ten years, subsequently in March, 1840, coming to Canada. He purchased the farm in this township on which his sons George and Arthur now reside. Samuel R., the subject of this sketch, was born in 1840 and from his youth upward followed farming. He married in 1876 Amelia Ann Musson, by whom he has a family of two children.

TOWNSHIP OF Scarboro’.

EREMIAH ANNIS, lot 16, concession D, is the son of Levi and Rhoda Annis, of English extraction, who emigrated from the United States to Canada in 1793, where he purchased land in Scarboro’ Township, on which he remained until his death in 1855. He also owned about four hundred and fifty acres in Darlington Township, Durham County, which eventually became the property of his sons. Jeremiah has always lived on the old homestead, but he has done a good business in buying and selling farms to advantage. He belongs to the Methodist persuasion, and is highly respected in his immediate neighbourhood. He married Jane, daughter of William Fawcett of this township, by whom he has three sons and three daughters. He is a Justice of the Peace, the only office he has accepted amongst the many offered to him.

Thomas Brown, lot 29, concession B, is the son of John and Margaret (Smith) Brown, natives of Scotland. He was born in Scotland in 1806, and emigrated to Canada in 1830, settling on the lot where he still continues to reside. Like others of the early settlers, toil and hardship were for many years his portion, but by industry and skill he has succeeded in producing from almost impenetrable bush as neat and compact a farm as any to be found in the township; and now, in his declining years in the society of the members of his family, he enjoys the quiet contentment vouchsafed to him by his laborious past. He has figured conspicuously in connection with the management of the municipality, having been a member of the Council upwards of twenty years, being Deputy-Reeve and Reeve a considerable part of that time. He was appointed J.P., and for several years acted in that capacity, but early retired from the Bench, as he says, “to give place to younger men.” He married in 1835 Miss Mary Tackett, by whom he had ten children, seven only are now living. His eldest son, John, is now owner of the farm; another son Robert lives on the lot adjoining. Mr. Brown is a Conservative in politics, and in religion a Presbyterian.

Walter Glendinning, lot 29, concession 1, is the youngest son of Archibald and Jane Glendinning. His father and family emigrated from Dumfriesshire, Scotland, in 1820, and settled on lot 28, concession 1. Archibald married after he came to Canada; his family consisted of three sons and five daughters, viz.: Elizabeth, Isabella, Archibald (dead), Margaret, Janet, Robert, Walter and Jane. Mr. Glendinning, sen’r, kept the first store in the township, near Ellesmere, and was also postmaster, the latter position being now in the possession of Walter. He was a Major in the militia, and was at the head of his company during the Yonge Street skirmish in 1837; his military suit and sword are yet preserved as relics by the family. He was one of the first Councillors on the old District Council and was also Secretary of the Scarboro’ School Commissioners, and retained that office several years. He was also Assessor and Collector of the Municipality for a lengthened period. Although principally engaged in mercantile pursuits, he and his brother William farmed at one time four hundred acres of land. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church. He died on May 29, 1883, after a long and industrious life, leaving behind him a fine property and, what is still better, a respected and honoured name. Walter (whose name heads this sketch) married Isabella, daughter of John Robertson, a descendant of an old pioneer of Simcoe County, by whom he had six children, one son and five daughters. Like his father he is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and a moderate Conservative in politics.

Walter J. Glendinning, lot 29, concession 2, is the son of James and Elizabeth (Wilkinson) Glendinning, who came from Dumfriesshire, Scotland, at an early date, and settled in Scarboro’, where the father died some years ago. The family left behind consisted of four sons and one daughter, viz.: Francis, Walter J., Charles and John; the daughter married J. G. Thompson of this township. The subject of this sketch was born March 3, 1836, and early in life learned the trade of carpenter, which he follows at the present time. He belongs to the Presbyterian Church, and in politics is a Liberal Conservative.

William Helliwell, lots 7 and 8, concession 1, is a son of Thomas Helliwell who emigrated from Yorkshire, England, in 1818, and settled in Toronto, where he established a brewery, carrying on that business until his death in 1825. The business was afterwards carried on by his sons Thomas and John until 1832, when William (the subject of this sketch) and Joseph (another brother) became partners. John died in 1828, leaving two sons, viz.: Thomas, who was manager of the Bank of Upper Canada at St. Catharines for many years, and John who is a commission merchant. In 1847 the premises comprising the brewery, distillery, grist mills and dwelling were burnt down, and the partnership was dissolved, William removing to Highland Creek, where he built a grist mill, which he operated until 1880, when it was burned. He then turned his attention to farming, and has since continued in that branch of industry. He was appointed J.P. in 1847, and was for many years a member of the Township Council. He now holds the office of Overseer of Fisheries under the Dominion Government. He is a Conservative in politics, and in religion a member of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Helliwell married first a daughter of Thomas Bright, who died in 1843, leaving two sons and four daughters. He married a second time another of Mr. Bright’s daughters, by whom he has a large family, six sons and five daughters. He has one son (Frank) in the employment of P. Burns, coal and wood merchant, Toronto, and one (Horatio) in the Inland Revenue Department. Mr. Helliwell was formerly a captain in the militia, and was out with his company during the troubles of 1837-’38.

William Heron, deceased, was born in York County, near Toronto, in 1806. His father was a pioneer of this section, and passed through the troublous times of 1812. William married in 1832 Hannah, daughter of George Skelding, also a York pioneer, and settled on lot 9, concession D, Township of Scarboro’, where he lived until about two years before his death which occurred October 25, 1883, at his residence in Scarboro’ Village, where Mrs. Heron and two daughters still live. He left a family of four sons and five daughters, viz.: Samuel, George, William, Andrew, John, Ann Moore, Lucy Stephenson, Jane Westney, Elizabeth and Sarah. Each of the former received a farm, and the remainder of the family were left in good circumstances. Mrs. Heron is still living on the family homestead with two daughters, and is very much respected. The sons are Reformers in politics; two members of the family are Presbyterians, the rest are Methodists. Mr. and Mrs. Heron celebrated their golden wedding January 25, 1882, surrounded by their family and friends.

John Holmes, lot 26, concession 2, blacksmith, is the second son of Alexander Holmes, a native of Roxburghshire, Scotland. He came to Canada in 1830 and remained three years in Montreal, subsequently coming to York County and settling on his present lot. In addition to his trade he has twenty-five acres of land which he cultivates, and his dwelling and surroundings, on which he evidently expends much labour, are replete with beauty and comfort. At the time of the Mackenzie Rebellion Mr. Holmes shouldered his musket in defence of law and order, and was on guard at Government House at the time of the Yonge Street skirmish. He is in politics a Reformer, and a devoted and consistent member of the Presbyterian Church. He married Miss Margaret Wilson, of Berwickshire, Scotland, by whom he had twelve children; two only are now living, one son and one daughter, the latter living at home with her parents.

William H. Hough, carriage builder, is the son of Henry and Mary (Colbetle) Hough. His father is a descendant of one of the Scarboro’ pioneers; his grandfather fought under General Brock, at Queenston Heights, where he was wounded, and afterwards received a pension. The father, Henry Hough, followed farming until twenty-four years of age when he commenced the manufacture of carriages, which he continued until 1881, when William H. took charge of the business. In addition to carriage-making he carries on a blacksmith’s shop also; and by close application to every detail in his business and the employment of the best workmen he is on his road to prosperity. He belongs to the Methodist Church, and is a Liberal in politics.

James Humphrey, lot 16, concession D, is the son of William and Elizabeth Humphrey, and was born in the County of Tyrone, Ireland. His father was of English descent, his mother being from Scotland. James married, before he left Ireland, Margaret, daughter of James Richardson, of Derry, the latter coming with our subject to Canada in 1824. They came direct to York County and settled in Scarboro’ Township, and purchased three hundred acres of Clergy Reserve Land. Mr. Humphrey has been very successful and has been able to be of great assistance to his family. He is in religion a consistent and devoted adherent of the Church of England. His wife died in 1868, leaving a family of ten children. He has one son, Richardson, who lives at home on the farm.

Thomas Kennedy, lot 28, concession 2, is the son of Samuel and Eleanor Kennedy. His father came to Canada in 1800, and was engaged in making roads and farming until 1838, when he removed to Ohio, U. S., and remained there until his death in 1861. He had five sons and one daughter, and to each of the sons who remained in Canada he gave a good farm. Thomas Kennedy was born in Scarboro’ Township, October 11, 1814, and has always been a resident of this section. He married Jane, daughter of Alexander Montgomery, a pioneer of this section, by whom he had the following children: Rebecca, born December 7, 1839; Eleanor, born February 28, 1842; Lyman, born May 28, 1844; Elizabeth, born March 29, 1846; Henry, born August 20, 1849; John W., born May 31, 1852; Thomas, born April 5, 1854; Maria, born August 16, 1856; William Andrew, born August 18, 1858; Alfred E., born September 21, 1860, and Mary Ann, born February 27, 1864, the latter being the only one now at home. Mr. Kennedy received from his father sixty-five acres of land, uncleared; that his success in life has been marked may be taken for granted, he being in possession of five hundred acres. He is a Liberal in politics, and in religion a member of the Presbyterian Church. One of the sons, Alfred E., is a druggist in Toronto; John W. is a merchant of Agincourt and very prosperous.

John McIntosh, deceased, was a native of Perthshire, Scotland; he emigrated to Canada in 1801 and settled in York County, where he died in 1830, at the age of seventy-seven years. He left a family of eleven children; he and his son John fought side by side in the defence of little York in 1812 and at the capitulation were both taken prisoners. His son John married a sister of Mrs. William Lyon Mackenzie, and was in the Legislature at the same time as the husband of the latter. Mrs. Elliot, a daughter of John McIntosh, sen’r, was born in Toronto, December 14, 1805, and married in 1827 Thomas Elliot, who died in December 21, 1880. Mrs. Elliot is now living in comfortable retirement at Highland Creek, and is much respected for her benevolent and consistent Christian spirit.

Marshall Macklin, lot 24, concession 4, is the son of Daniel and Martha (Marshall) Macklin, who in consequence of the persecution under which they, as members of the Old Kirk of Scotland, suffered, took up their residence in the North of Ireland, where they remained until their death. Marshall emigrated to Canada in 1827, settled in Scarboro’, and purchased two hundred acres of land from the Canada Company, afterwards adding to his original lot until he had five hundred acres, which he has divided among his sons. He married in 1837 Mary Jackson, by whom he had seventeen children, seven sons and six daughters of whom are living. Some of the family are settled in Michigan, U. S.; the eldest son, Marshall, is a physician practising in Manitoba; the others are living on or in the neighbourhood of the old homestead. Mr. Macklin has been very successful, and has accumulated wealth, and now in the autumn of life, after many years of laborious anxiety, enjoys in quiet and content the ease afforded him. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics belongs to the Reform Party.

Simon Miller, lot 28, concession 4, Scarboro’, is the eldest son of Henry Miller, whose father came to York from Pennsylvania, U. S., in April, 1793, and soon after settled on lot 34, concession 1, Markham Township, where Henry Miller was born in November, 1797, and remained until his death, February 29, 1884. He left a family of five children, Simon, Nicholas, Henry, Nancy Jane, wife of William Gown; and Andrew. Henry Miller, sen’r, was a member of the Home District Council from Markham Township, and was also appointed Coroner and Issuer of Marriage Licenses in 1853. He was once offered the representation of East York in the Dominion Parliament, but refused the honour. Simon, the subject of this sketch, married a daughter of William Munshaw, of Markham Township; his family consists of two sons and four daughters. Mr. Miller is a Justice of the Peace, and was a member of the Township Council for six years.

W. J. Mitchell, J.P., lot 22, concession 5, is descended from an Irish family who remained true to the Crown during the Rebellion of 1798. His father, James Mitchell, who was born in 1783, in after life often related many of the stirring scenes of which he was an eye-witness during that memorable period, one in particular, the setting on fire of his father’s house by the United Irishmen. The family trace their ancestry back to a more remote date, their name being mentioned by Mackenzie in his narrative of the famous siege of Derry, on the side of the defenders. The subject of this notice is the son of James and Sarah Mitchell, who emigrated from Londonderry to Canada in 1842, and settled on lot 22, concession 5, Scarboro’ Township, where the father died on April 1, 1883, in his hundredth year. He now lives on the old homestead, and although often solicited to accept municipal honours has always declined. The only office he holds is that of Magistrate and Commissioner in Queen’s Bench, the duties of which he discharges with care and ability, there not having been any appeal against his decisions for the quarter of a century in which he has held office. He married a daughter of James Baird, of Donegal, Ireland, a very prominent family in that part of the country, an uncle of Mr. Baird’s having been an intimate friend and subordinate officer of Lord Nelson, viz.: Surgeon on board the flag ship Victory.

James Palmer, lot 31, concession B, is the son of James and Sarah Palmer who came from the State of New York in 1797, and settled first at Kingston, from which place they went to Cobourg, subsequently coming to York and settling in the Township of Scarboro’, on lot 22, concession D, where the father remained until his death in 1836. James, our subject, was born at Stone Mills, Bay of Quinté, Prince Edward County in 1797, and remained with his parents until he was twenty-five years of age, when he purchased the lot on which he now lives. He has been through life a very industrious man, and has also been successful, the neatness of his farm and the substantial erections thereon bearing ample testimony. He served in the War of 1812, for which he drew a pension. He has been a member of the Municipal Council for some years. In politics he is a Reformer, and in religion a Methodist; a consistent Christian, he has earned the respect of all who know him. Mr. Palmer married Mary Anne, daughter of Nathaniel Hastings, of Toronto, who died in 1876.

James Patton, lot 28, concession C, is the second son of George and Elizabeth (Brock) Patton, natives of Lanarkshire, Scotland, who came to Canada in 1833, and settled in Scarboro’ Township. Our subject has been considered one of the best farmers in this section, and the services rendered by him to the rising community recently took the form of a valuable testimonial consisting of a beautifully framed illuminated address, together with a purse of $150. The following is a copy of the address:

Adna Pherrill lives on his farm of one hundred acres, being lot 25, concession B. He is a son of the late Stephen Pherrill, a native of St. John, N.B., who came to Canada in 1805, and settled in Scarboro’ Township. He fought in the War of 1812, and also during the Rebellion of 1837, in which he held a captaincy. Adna Pherrill, the subject of this sketch, was born in this township in 1816, and lived on the old homestead until he reached man’s estate, when his father presented him with thirty acres of land wherewith to commence life. He afterwards purchased his present one-hundred-acre farm in Scarboro’, for which he paid $20 per acre. He also acquired thirty-two acres in the township. He has been very successful in buying and selling farms and city property. He purchased one hundred acres at Widder, Bosanquet Township, Lambton County, which—being required for town lots—turned out a very profitable investment; he afterwards bought three farms in Chatham, where two of his sons and his eldest daughter now reside; he also purchased a fine residence in Leslieville, before it became part of the City of Toronto (for which piece of property he has been offered three times what it originally cost him). Mr. Pherrill attributes his success to the fine example set him by his honoured father, and never forgot a maxim laid down by him “My son, be honest and earnest in whatever you do.” He had a brother who was lieutenant in the Rebellion of 1837-38. In 1838 he married Miss Stewart, daughter of Captain William Stewart, by whom he has seven children living, viz.: William, Russell, Stewart, Tilmer, Elizabeth, Mary Hester and Helen. Having, by nearly fifty years of industry and hard work, amassed a considerable fortune, he retired in 1875 to enjoy the ease and comfort to which his past life entitles him.

Stephen Pherrill, deceased, was descended from a family who came from the State of Maine, U. S., and settled in New Brunswick at the close of the Revolutionary War. He remained with his parents for several years, and while in New Brunswick married Elizabeth, daughter of Colonel Jacob Russell, of that Province, by whom he had six children, as follow: Amy, Sarah, Eliza, Mary, Stephen and David. During the War of 1812 he was engaged carrying despatches for Government, and after the war was over settled on lot 24, concession B, Scarboro’ Township, where he lived until his death in April, 1842. He left about one thousand five hundred acres to divide among his family. William Pherrill, son of the above, lives on the old homestead. He married Charlotte Boulton, daughter of Captain Edward Boulton, by whom he had eleven children, seven of whom are living; all married with one exception, a daughter who remains at home. Mr. Pherrill held a captain’s commission, and was present at the battle on Yonge Street during the Rebellion of 1837-’38. David J. Pherrill, son of Stephen Pherrill, deceased, lives on the old homestead. He married Hannah, daughter of Archibald Thompson, by whom he has five children.

Simpson Rennie, J.P., lot 30, concession 5, is the third son of Robert and Eliza (Fife) Rennie. His parents came from Scotland in 1833, and soon after settling in Scarboro’ purchased the lot on which Simpson now resides. Mr. Rennie, sen’r, has long ago retired from active work, and now lives in ease and retirement in the City of Toronto. Simpson Rennie has had the entire management of his present farm for over twenty years, and during that time has made considerable improvements. He obtained the gold medal awarded by the Ontario Agricultural and Arts Association for the best managed farm in group No. 4, comprising the following electoral districts: Peel, Cardwell, York East, York North, York West, Simcoe West, Simcoe East, Simcoe South, Algoma, Muskoka, Ontario North, Ontario South, Durham East, Durham West. We need scarcely add that the Association’s award is to Mr. Rennie a source of considerable pride. Mr. Rennie married Isabella, daughter of William Hood, Esq., Markham, a sketch of whose life appears elsewhere. The fruit of this union is four children, viz.: Elizabeth, married to J. W. Sanderson; Robert, William and James. The family belong to the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Rennie is a Reformer in politics.

GEORGE TAYLOR.

George Taylor, lot 26, concession C, was born in England, June 5, 1817. His father, Richard Taylor, was born in 1776, and was a gardener by profession. His mother’s maiden name was Fanny Burke. Their family consisted of five children, viz.: George (the subject of this sketch), James, Andrew, Mary and Nancy. Mr. Taylor, sen’r, emigrated to Canada in 1819, and after remaining in Nova Scotia for one year came forward to little York, thence to Scarboro’ Township, where he purchased a farm on the Don and Danforth Road for the sum of $500, on which he erected a log house, and commenced the work of clearing. He had to put up with all the inconveniences and hardships incidental to pioneer life, but by dint of perseverance and energy he soon had a comfortable home in which to bring up his family. As years passed by, his successes multiplied, and would no doubt have further increased had not death, the stern monitor, cut short his career in the year 1834. His life was a noble and industrious one, and a fine example for his descendants. George Taylor was educated in Scarboro’ Township, and early assisted his father in clearing the farm, and on the death of the latter received the same by paying off the other members of the family. When twenty-five years of age he married Mrs. Stevens, of Scarboro’; the result of this marriage was five children, three sons and two daughters, viz.: Abigail, born July 26, 1843; George, born January 20, 1845; Ruth, born September 8, 1846; William, born September 11, 1848; Sarah Melissa, born June 7, 1852. The mother died on June 17, 1882. Mr. Taylor has earned among his neighbours a reputation for integrity rarely equalled; his industrious habits, descended to him from his father, brought with them that success which is generally the lot of application, and although now enjoying his well-earned ease, his habitual liking for work finds vent in cultivating the well-laid-out garden surrounding his house.

David A. Thompson, lot 26, concession 1, is the youngest son of the late Archibald D. Thompson, a descendant of the late Andrew Thompson, mentioned elsewhere. His father died in 1877; his mother is still living. The family consisted of six children. David, to whom was left the old homestead and the care of his mother, married Margaret Patterson, who died in 1875, by whom he had the following children: Janet, Mary, Archibald, David and Isabella. Mr. Thompson is an industrious, upright man, and respected by all for his integrity and high principle. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and a Liberal Conservative in politics.

David Thompson, deceased, was the first settler in the Township of Scarboro’, locating there in the year 1796. He and his wife were of Scotch birth, being from Wester-kirk, Dumfries. He died on June 22, 1834, and his wife died November 8, 1847; the latter was eighty years of age, and left behind her over one hundred descendants. Mr. Thompson was a stone-mason by trade, and assisted in the building of the first light-house in Toronto Bay. He also fought in the War of 1812.

Francis Thompson, lot 34, concession C, is the youngest son of William and Mary Thompson, who came from County Tyrone, Ireland, about the year 1802. His parents remained in the United States eleven years, after which time they came to Little York, and settled east of the Don, removing afterwards to Scarboro’ Township, and settling on lot 34, concession C, where he remained until his death. Francis was brought up on his father’s farm and assisted in clearing off the bush and became possessed of the homestead by purchase afterwards. He has been very successful, and has been able to fairly start his sons in life and retire himself from active labour. He married Hellen, eldest daughter of John Walton, by whom he had five children, William Wallace, Mary, David Walton, Hannah Janet, and Hellen Isabella; the latter lives at home with her parents. Although often solicited to accept municipal honours he has always declined. He is a staunch Conservative in politics, and a member of the Presbyterian Church.

Christopher Thomson, lot 34, concession 2, is the youngest son of Christopher and Mary Thomson. His father, who was born in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, August 31, 1796, was one of the first settlers in this township, and during his lifetime occupied a prominent position, having filled for many years the office of Councillor and other places of public trust in the municipality. His mother, Mary Thomson, was born in York, Upper Canada, May 14, 1800. His parents were married March 17, 1820, at Scarboro’, by the Rev. W. Jenkins. Their family consisted of nine sons and four daughters, none of whom died under forty years of age. The mother, Mary Thomson, died December 14, 1876, and the father, Christopher, died December 13, 1879. On the occasion of each funeral six sons acted as pall bearers, and bore to their last resting-place the remains of their deceased parents, an occurrence rarely seen. Mr. Thomson, sen’r, was a consistent and devoted adherent of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics supported the Reform Party. Christopher, the youngest son, was born February 23, 1843, and has always remained on the old homestead, which in company with his brother John, he continues to cultivate. He is a firm supporter of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics casts his vote for the Reform Party. Both his brother and himself are much respected in this section.

James A. Thomson, deceased, lot 23, concession 1, was the youngest son of Andrew and Jane Thomson, who emigrated from Dumfries, Scotland, in 1796, and after remaining five years in little York, removed to Scarboro’ Township, and settled on lot 23, concession 1. Andrew Thomson served during the War of 1812, and was taken prisoner by the Americans at the capitulation of York. Connected as he was with the early history of this township, we shall only be doing justice to his memory by briefly alluding to the evident signs of progress made in this section during the early days of settlement with which he was closely associated. The first school-house erected in Scarboro’ was situated on the corner of this lot, and the first church, a frame building, belonging to the Presbyterian body, was built in 1819, to which Mr. Thomson, sen’r, gave considerable assistance. The old gentleman died at the age of seventy-one years, leaving behind him a name revered by his posterity. He was twice married. By his first wife he had two children, viz.: John and Elizabeth; by his second marriage he had Margaret, Andrew, Janet, William, Mary Ellen, and James A., whose name heads this sketch. The latter was born on the old homestead, part of which he afterwards owned, March 20, 1802, and it is stated he was the first white child born in Scarboro’ Township. Mr. Thomson was essentially a self-made man. Brought up to agriculture, he did not neglect the more ornamental, yet necessarily useful duties that relate to self-improvement, and toiled early and late to acquire such knowledge as would prove advantageous to him in after life. He was appointed a Justice of the Peace, but always declined to act. He was frequently solicited to act as Councillor, and in other municipal offices, but the offers were all courteously declined. In politics Mr. Thomson was a staunch Reformer, but insisted strongly on the maintenance of the British connection with its attendant institutions. He was appointed an Elder of St. Andrew’s Presbyterian Church, Scarboro’, in 1844, during the ministry of Dr. George; and it was in a great measure due to his influence that the site for the present beautiful structure at Bendale was selected, for the erection of which he contributed a handsome sum. Following the example of parents, who during their life-time were eminent for their zeal and piety, he indeed merited the confidence of the surrounding neighbours, and embraced every opportunity by which, through his assistance, the cause of religion might be advanced. He was a man of rare intelligence, and one who discharged the duties of elder with great faithfulness and efficiency for over forty-four years. Mr. Thomson was twice married. His first wife was a daughter of Thomas Patterson, of this township, by whom he had eleven children. There was no issue by his second marriage. He died on October 28, 1884.

John Tingle, jun’r, merchant and post-master, Wexford, is the son of John and Ellen (Thompson) Tingle, and was born in 1837 in this township, in which he has always been a resident. He commenced in the mercantile line in 1865, and has been very successful. His father emigrated to Canada in 1818. He was a Reformer in politics, and a Presbyterian in religion. Our subject married in 1869 Eliza, daughter of Timothy Devenish, of this township, by whom he had two children, Mary Ellen and Emily. Mr. Tingle, like his father, is a strong Reformer, and a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church.

Thomas Walton, deceased, a descendant of one of the pioneers of Scarboro’, was born in this township, January 12, 1828. He died April 17, 1876, leaving a widow and a family of seven children. His wife’s maiden name was Fanny Scott; she came from Cumberland, England. Mrs. Walton resides on the old homestead in company with the following sons and daughter: William Albert, Thomas A., Francis E. and Alice. Two daughters are married, Lavinia to William Brown, of Markham, and Mary to Charles Scrivens, of Buffalo. John Wallis, the second son, married a Miss Brown, of this township. The family is one highly respected in the neighbourhood; they are members of the Methodist Church.

John P. Wheler, deceased, was born in England in 1810; he emigrated to Canada in 1829 and settled in the Township of Scarboro’ in the following year, on lot 21, concession D, where he operated a saw-mill, subsequently erecting a flour-mill, which was destroyed by fire in 1863. Mr. Wheler took a prominent and active part in the affairs of the municipality, and was elected Councillor when the Board was organized, accepting the honour of Deputy-Reeve for the first year and serving in the Reeve’s chair for the succeeding twenty years. He was Warden of the County of York three years and was elected first President of the East York Agricultural Society, and also occupied for a number of years corresponding positions in the Scarboro’ and Provincial Agricultural Societies. He was appointed License Inspector for East York under the Crooks Act, which office he held until the time of his death in August, 1883. Mr. Wheler was a strong Reformer in politics, and took a lively and intelligent interest in all measures likely to benefit the country at large.

Thomas Whiteside, lot 29, concession 2, is the son of Thomas and Sarah (Murdock) Whiteside. His father was born in County Antrim, Ireland, in 1772, and came to Canada in 1821, settling in Scarboro’ Township on the lot now occupied by our subject, a year later. He died in 1870. He was a strong Conservative in politics, and, in company with two of his sons, took a prominent part in suppressing the Rebellion of 1837. He was in religion a Presbyterian, and always bore a good character among his neighbours. He left a family of seven children—Margaret, Jane, James, Daniel, Sarah, Thomas and John. Thomas Whiteside, jun’r, was born in 1827 in the old log house, which is still to be seen from the windows of his present residence. He married Miss Jane McCowan, a native of Scotland, by whom he has six children, viz.: Thomas, William J., Margaret P., Janet G., David and John H. Mr. Whiteside served in the Township Council four years. He takes an active part in agricultural matters, and is a member both of East York and Scarboro’ Societies. He is also a member of the York Pioneers. In politics he votes Conservative, and in religion is a worthy member of the Presbyterian body, from which he never withholds substantial support.

Archibald Wright, deceased, a pioneer of Scarboro’ Township and a native of the Highlands of Scotland, emigrated to America at an early day and settled in New Brunswick, where he remained until the year 1809. He came to Canada and settled in Scarboro’ Township on the lot now occupied by his grandson, John Wright. He afterwards removed to Whitby with his wife and one son, where he died on June 18, 1837. His wife died on November 13, 1855. He left behind him a family of five sons and four daughters, together with considerable property—about five hundred acres. He was a worthy member of the Presbyterian Church, and in political convictions a strong Reformer. Hulet Wright, son of the above, residing with his son John on lot 35, concession 4, having in early life to put up with the discomforts and hardships attendant to pioneer life, it is scarcely necessary to add that he had little or no education, in lieu of which he had the example of perseverance and energy, combined with a strong religious belief received from his parents. He has been very successful in life, and now, at the advanced age of eighty-eight, surrounded by his grandchildren, he enjoys that ease and comfort, earned through years of toil, to which he is certainly entitled. In politics he is a Reformer. John Wright, lot 35, concession 4, son of the above, was born in Scarboro’ Township in 1833 and has always lived at home on the old homestead. He is a member of the Methodist Church, and in politics a staunch Reformer.

TOWNSHIP OF MARKHAM.

ILLIAM ARMSTRONG, lot 10, concession 10, is the eldest son living of Captain William Armstrong, who emigrated to the United States in 1817. Mr. Armstrong remained in New York about two years, and then removed to Montreal, where he stayed until 1824, in which year he came to Toronto. He soon afterwards settled in Markham Township on lot 10, concession 8, one log house at that time comprising what is now the Village of Markham. In the year 1832 he married Esther, daughter of Peter Reesor. For many years he kept the Wellington Hotel in the township, which he carried on in connection with his farming. He took a lively interest in agriculture; and many others, stimulated by his example, were prevailed upon to give their full support to the exhibitions. He also held a captain’s commission in the militia. He was a member of the English Church, it having been partly through Captain Armstrong’s instrumentality that the services of the Church of England were procured for Markham. Captain Armstrong lived to a good old age, honoured and respected by all his neighbours, by whom his memory is still cherished and his virtues emulated. William, his son, has a very fine property and has taken great interest in all agricultural matters. He is energetic and enterprising, and allows no opportunity to pass whereby the advancement of the township may be secured.

William James Beaton, blacksmith, was born in the Township of Pickering, Ontario County, in 1859. His father was born in Scotland in 1800, and came to Canada at an early day, and has occupied the position of Township Clerk and Treasurer of Pickering for upwards of forty years. William James is one of a family of five children; he learned the trade of blacksmith with Mr. William Mosgrove, of Brougham, and has since carried on that business in Markham. He was married in 1882 to Miss Minnie Woodruff.

John N. Button, lot 15, concession 4, is the second son of Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Button, who located in Markham about 1798 with his father, Major John Button, who raised a troop of cavalry and fought in defence of his country during the War of 1812. The subject of this notice was born on the old homestead, and at the age of sixteen repaired to Markham Village, where he learned the trade of blacksmith, which business he followed for several years. He has of late years, however, confined himself mostly to farming. He married Miss Barr, by whom he had one daughter, now the wife of Major James Elliott, who resides on the home farm. Mr. Button is one of the oldest Canadian J.P.’s in the township. He formerly held a commission in the British cavalry. He is a member of the Methodist Church, and has been liberal in his donations for schools and other necessary institutions in the township. His eldest grandson, Robert Button Elliott, is a member of the old troop, and is Sergeant-Major of the Second Regiment of Cavalry; his youngest grandson, William Asa Elliott, is with him on the old farm.

Newbury Button, lot 35, concession 7, is the son of Francis Button, mentioned elsewhere. He was born at Buttonville Village in 1825, and remained with his parents until he was twenty-five years of age. He married a daughter of William Reynolds, by whom he has two children living. His wife died in 1857. He married again, his second wife being Catharine Bartholomew, of this township, by whom he had two sons. Both himself and his sons take an active interest in military matters.

Christopher H. Chant, lot 12, concession 5, is the youngest but one in a family of nine children born to Christopher and Jane Chant. His father emigrated from Somersetshire, England, and settled in Brockville in 1841. Three years later he removed with his family to Niagara, and while there the subject of this sketch was sent to St. Catharines to learn the trade of cabinet maker. He eventually settled in Unionville, Markham Township, where he married a daughter of Robert Croft, and has now a grown-up family. He follows his calling of cabinet maker, and is everywhere noted as being extremely skilful in his business. One of his sons follows the same trade. He has one son Station Agent on the Midland Railroad, and his youngest son is teaching school at Maxwell, having matriculated at Toronto University with first-class honors in Mathematics and English. Mr. Chant also conducts an undertaking business and has a first-class hearse of his own making.

David Clark, proprietor of Queen’s Hotel, Thornhill, is a native of Scotland, and came to Canada in 1872. For some time he carried on a bottling business in Toronto, and afterwards kept the Manitoba House. In 1882 he bought and took possession of the above named pretty popular hotel, where he has every accommodation for the travelling public.

W. D. Crosby, lot 8, concession 7, is the son of C. Crosby, who, coming from the State of New York, located with his parents in Markham in the year 1812, the family settling on the farm now occupied by the subject of this sketch. His father married Mary, daughter of Michael Miller, a pioneer of Markham, by whom he had the following children: Jemima (now the wife of Dr. Doherty), H. P., Ellen, I. G., W. D. (our subject), James S. and H. A. W. D. Crosby was born on the old homestead and assisted to clear the farm, and since he has been in possession has shown himself energetic and successful, and bears a good character among his neighbours. He is a Reformer in politics, and a consistent follower of the Methodist Church. He married in 1860 Jane Mulholland, by whom he has a family of eight children.

Samuel S. Cumner, lot 4, concession 3, Township of Markham, is the youngest son of David and Abigail Cumner, being a descendant of a family who originally came from Pennsylvania, and settled in York County at an early day. His father was born in 1803, and his mother in 1797, and the family consisted of eight children, six of whom are yet living. Samuel has always lived on the old homestead; he married Miss Sarah Toppin, by whom he had five children; he has one daughter at home keeping house for him. Mr. Cumner in religion is a Methodist, and is everywhere looked upon as an upright, earnest and consistent Christian; he is always ready to assist in Sunday school work, and has been superintendent for the same some years. He is one who has never sought office, preferring rather to remain in private life and watch over the education of his children.

Andrew Eckardt is the sixth son of Philip Eckardt, who came to Canada in 1790. His father came to Markham with Mr. Berzie, the Government Agent. Andrew was born in 1811; he married Miss Charlotte Hunter, whose parents emigrated to Canada in 1790; her mother was originally from Copenhagen, in Denmark. Mr. Eckardt has been known throughout the township as a hardworking and enterprising man. In the municipality he helped to clear the land where now stands the thriving Village of Unionville, and was appointed Postmaster when the office was first established there; and, in all matters for the advantage of the township as a whole, Mr. Eckardt was ever ready to take his share of responsibility.

James Eckardt, lot 11, concession 6, was born upon the farm where he yet lives. He is of German extraction, his grandfather having emigrated from Bruges in 1793, and suffered all the hardships and privations of the early settlers. James was only fifteen years of age at the death of his parents; but, as he had received a good education, was well prepared to face the stern realities of life. He married Sarah Jane Size in 1859, by whom he has four sons and four daughters. He is a J.P. and License Inspector. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, and his influence throughout the section is very great.

John Eckardt, lot 10, concession 6, is the fourth son of George Eckardt. The latter was born in Markham in the year 1800, and died in the same township in the year 1862. Our subject was born in Markham in the year 1843, where he has always continued to live, following the occupation of farmer. He married Mary, eldest daughter of John Snowball, a native of Yorkshire, England, by whom he has two children, viz.: Wilbert Howard and Ethel Maud. He belongs to the Methodist Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

Joseph Eckardt, lot 10, concession 6, is the youngest son of George Eckardt, was born in Markham Township, and is one of a family of eight children, all of whom are still living. He was born in 1846, and still lives on part of the old homestead, where he does a large and profitable trade in the cultivation of small fruits. He married in 1874 the eldest daughter of Hector C. Thomson, formerly of Glasgow, Scotland, by whom he has three children. His grandfather was one of the first settlers in Markham.

Anthony Forster, lot 13, concession 9, was born in the Township of Markham, November 6, 1844, and is the son of William Forster, a native of Northumberland, England, where he was born December 22, 1813. His mother’s maiden name was Barbara Wurts, of Markham; their family consisted of four sons. Anthony was educated in School Section No. 21, Markham Township, and subsequently at the High School, Markham Village. He has, since the completion of his education, been engaged in farming; he married January 16, 1870, Alice A. Dack, daughter of John W. Dack, a native of Dublin, Ireland; they have six children, viz.; Tamsine Emilia, Nellie Amelia, Laura Alice, Jessie Gertrude, William Dack and Walter Ellis (all living). Mr. Forster has occupied several important offices in connection with municipal affairs. He has been Road Overseer, Assessor, Councillor, Deputy-Reeve, Public and High School Trustee, and a member of the Local Board of Health. He also belongs to the Agricultural Society, and is a member of the Farmers’ Club. Two brothers of Mr. Forster, John and Elias, were drowned in the Maitland River, April 16, 1864. He is a member of the Methodist body, and a Reformer in politics.

Thomas Frisby, lot 25, concession 4, is the eldest son of John and Lucy Frisby, who emigrated from England in 1831 and settled in Thornhill, where the father purchased a farm on concession 3, on which he remained until 1856; he went on business to Milwaukee, but unfortunately lost his life on board the Niagara boat which was burned on September 24, 1856. This unexpected and melancholy event disturbed all existing arrangements and the family decided to remain in the township, Thomas taking upon himself the management of his late father’s affairs. That the section benefited by the family remaining here is certain, for Mr. Frisby has ever proved himself anxious to promote the general well-being of the community; and, although he has never accepted office, yet his presence has ever been recognized as an advantage. He has been liberal towards the erection of churches of every denomination, and the poor and needy find in him a sincere friend. He married a daughter of John Newlove, of Etobicoke, by whom he had ten children, nine of whom are living.

George Gohn, lot 9, concession 3, is the youngest son of David and Lucy Gohn, of this township. His father was a native of Pennsylvania, his mother being from New Jersey. Mr. Gohn, sen’r, came to Canada in 1812 and took part in the war with the States, afterwards settling on the lot now occupied by his son George, where he remained until his death in 1862. His wife is still living with her son on the old farm. George Gohn married a daughter of L. Belway, of Thornhill, by which union there are four sons. He has, since his father’s death, greatly improved the property, and now possesses a very fine farm, to which he gives the closest attention.

William Gohn, lot 8, concession 2, is the second son of David and Lucy Gohn. His father was born in Pennsylvania and came to Canada in 1812; he served in the War of 1812 and was at the Battle of York. He settled on lot 9, concession 3, Markham, where he remained until his death in 1862; his wife is still living.

Moses Hemingway, deceased, was born in the Township of Markham in the year 1809. He was descended from a family which claimed to be of Scotch origin, though one of its members, Samuel Hemingway, resided in England previous to his departure for these shores. Samuel, as far as we can learn, was the first of his race to come to America; he settled in the United States, and brought up his family in the occupation of farming. The members of the Hemingway family were particularly remarkable for their strength and physical endurance. Josiah Hemingway, son of Samuel, and father of the one whose name heads this sketch, was born in the State of New York in the year 1774, and when a young man of twenty-four years determined to try his fortune in Canada. In the year 1798 he settled in the Township of Markham, York County, and married Miss Annie Stiver, daughter of the late John Stiver, and sister of the first white male child said to have been born in Markham. After his marriage he settled on lot 4, concession 4 of that township, his land then being in its primæval state; but through succeeding years he and his faithful helpmate after the first of the hardships—the laborious work of clearing—was accomplished, got together a very comfortable home. Josiah Hemingway died in the year 1854, at the advanced age of eighty years, leaving a family of three sons and six daughters. Relative to the early history of York County, it may be mentioned that Josiah Hemingway with his seven and a-half pound axe cleared the first part of Yonge Street leading north from Toronto. He never held any public office, preferring to attend to the duties of his farm, which was in itself sufficient to engage his attention. Politically he was a consistent Reformer, but took no active part in election contests. He was ever true and loyal to the British flag, the emblem of those institutions of freedom which he always cherished and admired. In religion he held to the Methodist Church, of which he remained a devoted member until his death. He was liberal in all matters that had for their object the good and welfare of the community at large. Moses Hemingway, whose name heads this family history, was left with the old homestead on his father’s death, and was married to Miss Jane Burns, daughter of Thomas Burns, deceased, who at the time of his daughter’s marriage resided in the City of Toronto. Moses, on taking possession of the farm, followed his father’s footsteps in the management of the property. He was a man of powerful frame and robust constitution, which enabled him to endure any amount of fatigue, and was considered, when in the prime of life, one of the strongest men in the Township of Markham. He was also a great sportsman, and might often have been seen with gun and dogs wending his way in search of game. Mr. Hemingway, following the example of his father, held no public office; in politics he was ever true to the Reform Party, but took no part in election struggles. In religion he belonged to the Methodist Church, and was liberal in promoting any object whereby the well-being of society was to be secured. His death occurred March 15, 1875, at the age of sixty-six years; his widow, two sons and three daughters survive him. Orson Hemingway, lot 4, concession 4, Markham, is the second eldest son of Moses Hemingway, deceased. He manages the farm formerly in possession of his father, and in addition to this he is occupier of the Bee-Hive Hotel, at Hagerman’s Corner, Markham, where every accommodation is afforded to the travelling community. Mr. Orson Hemingway was married in 1869 to Miss Matilda Jane Webber, daughter of John Webber, Esq., proprietor of the Queen’s Hotel, Unionville, one of the most commodious and attractive hotels north of Toronto. Mr. Hemingway has a family of five sons and three daughters. In connection with his extensive farm Mr. Hemingway is applying all the latest improvements, and as a hotel-keeper he is found courteous and obliging, and is everything else to be desired. His reputation for fair dealing is well-known, and he is liberal in giving towards any object that is likely to promote the welfare of the community.

William Hood is a native of Roxburghshire, Scotland, and emigrated with his wife and family in 1837. His father died in 1806; his mother came with him to Canada. On his arrival here his family consisted of two sons only, which was afterwards increased to fourteen; nine only are now living. Most of his sons are farmers and are settled in different parts of the country. Mr. Hood has been very successful, and although commencing with only $100 has bought, and paid for since, five hundred and eighty-six acres of land. Adam Hood, son of the above, lives on lot 3, concession 6; he married a daughter of John Gibson, of this township. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church, and have ever been known as hospitable and generous to the poor and needy.

B. Hoover, lot 6, concession 7, was born on lot 23, concession 1, Pickering Township, in 1852. He is one of a family of eight children, and worked for Mr. J. H. Ramer, of Markham, and subsequently with his brother, J. R. Hoover, at the mill on Duffin’s Creek, two years. He afterwards rented a grist mill from Mr. A. Spofford for two and a-half years; and, before taking possession of his present mills, rented a grist and general custom mill from Mr. Thomas Millne, from 1881 to 1883. The Glen Rouge Mill, which has a run of three stones, and a grinding capacity of fifty barrels per twenty-four hours, is valued by Mr. Hoover at $8,000. In 1875 he married Miss Emaline Ramer, of Markham; they have three children—Peter John, born May 10, 1879; Edith Mary, born September 23, 1881, and Archie, born February 3, 1884.

Benjamin B. S. Jenkins, lot 27, concession 5, is the son of the Rev. William Jenkins, a Presbyterian clergyman. His father was educated at the University of Edinburgh, and subsequently came to America, having for his object the propagation of the Gospel amongst the Indian tribes. He laboured among the Oneida Indians about twelve years; and then being offered a professorship in the College at Saratoga, and likewise having a call from York County, Canada, he accepted the latter, and travelled on horseback across the country to take charge of his new duties. This took place in the year 1816, and it is confidently stated that he was the first Presbyterian minister who settled in the country. Through his persevering efforts several churches were erected in the various townships, and his death, which occurred September 25, 1843, was widely regretted. He was buried at Richmond Hill, the village where his last sermon was preached. Benjamin was born May 25, 1824, and has always followed agricultural pursuits, in which he has been eminently successful. He was married in 1848 to Maria F. Crosby; their family consists of four children, two sons and two daughters. Mr. Jenkins is a zealous worker in the cause of the church and is superintendent of the Sabbath school.

Cornelius Johnson, lot 27, concession 7, is the son of Peter and Sarah Johnson, and was born June 9, 1810, in Markham Township. He remained at home and assisted his father to clear the land till his marriage with Margaret Clendenning in 1834, when he settled on his present lot. His family consists of four sons and three daughters, one having died, and are comfortably settled in the neighbourhood of the old homestead. His wife died December 6, 1856. He is a member of the Methodist Church, and is much esteemed throughout the district.

John Langstaff, lot 36, concession 1, one of the contributors to this work, was born September 9, 1819. His father came to Little York from Amboy, New Jersey, in the winter of 1808, riding the whole distance, five hundred and fifty miles, on horseback. The following year he married Lucy Miles, of Richmond Hill, after which he returned to his old home in the winter of 1809-10, and was back again at little York in the spring, the journey, as heretofore, being accomplished on horseback, covering a distance of one thousand one hundred miles. He signalized his return by settling on the lot now owned by his son John, and commenced school teaching. He opened the first public school north of Toronto. The building was situated on the corner of lot 35 (Markham) and built of round logs. During the War of 1812-’14, Mr. Langstaff held a situation in the Commissariat Office as book-keeper under the late George Crookshank. He died in the year 1863, at the age of eighty-nine years. He was a strong Conservative in politics, and took an active part at election times. John Langstaff, whose name heads this sketch, has been a farmer in Markham for the past fifty years. In 1847 he purchased lot 47, concession 1, in Vaughan Township, on which he built a saw-mill and agricultural implement manufactory. He has been engaged in lumbering for a number of years, and has been generally successful as a business man. He married in 1853 Elizabeth Brett, of English birth, by whom he has the following sons and daughters, viz.: George Augustus, M.D., at Thornhill; John Elliott, M.D., Brooklyn, New York, and married to Miss Meredith of New Brunswick; Louis Garibaldi, M.D., Richmond Hill; Edwin Curry, farmer; Lucy, married to R. D. Little, and Flora at school. Mr. Langstaff belongs to the English Church, and is a Conservative in politics. In connection with Mr. Langstaff’s present property is a mineral spring which has only recently been utilized, its health-giving and healing properties being found to be quite as remarkable as those Bethesda waters which have such a celebrated name over the continent. Its constituent elements are as follow, as analyzed by Professor Thomas Heys, of Toronto School of Medicine: Sulphate of Potassa, 0.921; Bicarbonate of Soda, 2.068; Bicarbonate of Magnesia, 9.812; Silica and Alumina, 1.449; Chloride of Potassium, 1.225; Bicarbonate of Lime, 16.507; Bicarbonate of Iron, 0.669 (being 32.615 grains per gallon). The spring has quite a reputation and many invalids are tempted thither to test the peculiar properties of the waters. Mr. R. D. Little, of Brooklyn, New York, son-in-law to Mr. Langstaff, has charge of the Hawthorn Mineral Spring Residence, the name by which it is known, and every accommodation is afforded for guests and visitors.

Jonah Leek, lot 15, concession 3, was born in this township. His parents were David and Harriet Leek. His father was born in New Jersey, his people removing to New York State when he was three years old. They remained there until 1825, when they came to Canada and, taking up their abode in Markham, settled here. Mr. Leek died in 1878, leaving a family of six children. Jonah was the only son and to him was left the family homestead. He married Miss Quantz; they have eight children, five sons and three daughters, all of whom live at home with them. Mr. Leek is a member of the Episcopal Church, and takes great interest in all affairs calculated to promote the spread of Christian principles.

George Leek, lot 16, concession 3, is the youngest son of David and Mary Leek. His father was born in New Jersey in 1801, but afterwards lived in New York State several years. He married there in 1826, and subsequently came to Canada, taking up his residence in Markham Township, where he lived until his death July 19, 1882. He was much revered by his neighbours for his urbanity, which closely allied to his Christian character did much to elevate the general tone of the community, and as such his death was universally regretted. George, who was brought up upon, and still retains the old homestead, endeavours to maintain the good character of the family as established by his father, in which he has been eminently successful. He is a Liberal Reformer in politics.

S. B. Lehman, lot 31, concession 5, is the second son of Daniel and Susanna Lehman. His father was a native of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and came to Canada in 1825 with his parents, and settled on lot 35, concession 7, Markham Township, subsequently removing to lot 35, Pickering Township, where he died in 1867. His family consisted of six children; his widow died in 1883. S. B. Lehman remained at home with his parents until he was twenty-five years old when he married Miss Frances Hoover, in 1865, and commenced farming on his own account which pursuit he followed until 1880. In that year he started to operate a flour as well as a woollen mill, and is at present doing a good business in both departments, having one son in the business with him. Although not possessing a desire for municipal honours yet he is always ready to join in any private enterprise likely to benefit the community, consequently much respect is entertained for him throughout the township. By his wife he has six children.

John Lundy, lot 5, concession 3, is the son of William Lundy, who emigrated from Ireland with his family, consisting of five sons and three daughters. Mr. Lundy, sen’r, settled in Toronto Township. John was a cooper by trade, and being induced to settle at the German Mills followed his occupation there for several years. He subsequently purchased the farm adjoining the mill, on which he now resides. He married Sarah, daughter of John Curroy, of Scarboro’ Township, the fruit of this union being eight children. He has one son at home, Joseph, who manages the farm. Mr. Lundy has been a hard working industrious man, and bears a high character for integrity in the township. He is an adherent of the Presbyterian Church, from which he never withholds his support.

Angus McKinnon, lot 26, concession 5, is the sixth son of Neil McKinnon, who emigrated from Scotland in 1812. His father came out with Lord Selkirk, and went with him to Manitoba, where he built a house on the banks of the Red River, about one and a-half miles from the present City of Winnipeg. Angus was born in Mull, Scotland, and was about three years old when the family settled in the far west. They left there at the expiration of three years on account of the misrepresentations of Lord Selkirk, and turned their faces eastward again. After a tedious and lengthened journey they reached York, and settled in Markham, on the lot now occupied by Mr. McKinnon. The father died in 1829; the mother survived him twenty years. Angus married Mary Anthony, by whom he has a family of four sons and five daughters. As may be expected he has done a fair share of hard work, having helped to clear the farm at the time of settlement. He has contributed towards the erection of churches and the support of ministers, and in all matters concerning the welfare of the municipality has acted no mean part.

Archibald McKinnon, deceased. The late Archibald McKinnon, Markham, was born in the year 1797 in the Isle of Mull, Argyleshire, Scotland. He was the eldest of a family of four sons and three daughters. His father, the late Hugh McKinnon, of Markham, and his mother, Margaret McGilivray, were both of the same parish of Mull. His father, Hugh McKinnon was in fair circumstances in Mull, yet he was anxious to better the condition of his family; and his brother, the late Neil McKinnon, who had settled in Markham in the year 1817, from the Selkirk District in the North-West, where he emigrated with his family in the year 1812, held forth to his brother Hugh, in Mull, strong inducements to emigrate to Canada with his family. This invitation was finally accepted, and in the summer of 1820 Hugh and his family came to Canada. Previous to coming to Canada, his eldest son, Archibald, the subject of this sketch, was married to Miss Catharine McGilivray, of the same parish. They set sail from Glasgow, and after a rough voyage of six weeks landed at Quebec. After staying there for a few days they set sail for Little York, now Toronto, which they reached after a perilous voyage of four weeks. The journey up from Quebec had to be performed with Durham boats drawn by oxen and guided by pilots who walked on the tow-path along the shore and with pike-poles kept the boats at a certain distance from the shore. On landing at “muddy York,” the first sight that attracted their attention was the dead carcase of a horse lying on the wharf and surrounded by a group of Indians and squaws feasting over its remains. Such a feast as this was rather unnatural to the Mull people, as they would prefer feasting over a dish of Loch Fine herrings and a good bowl of buttermilk. After staying in Little York for a short time, they set out for Markham, taking Yonge Street as their route, which at this time was the only road leading north of Toronto. After a journey of one day on foot from Toronto, they finally reached their destination, the home of Neil McKinnon, near Cashel, and now the present home of his son, Angus McKinnon. Shortly after coming to Markham, Hugh McKinnon and his son Archibald purchased lot 9, concession 6, Markham. Archibald settled on the east end of the lot, and his father on the west end, each occupying one hundred acres, all bush land. Hugh McKinnon, after the lapse of many years, made for himself a comfortable homestead, where both he and his amiable wife died in the year 1850, at the advanced ages of eighty-four and eighty-two; leaving a family of four sons and three daughters, all of them being married at the time of their parents’ death. Archibald, the subject of this sketch, and his faithful wife endured (as did his father) many hardships and trials on their bush farm, contending against difficulties which all the early settlers had to fight against. The Village of Unionville, in Markham, at this period had no existence, and Markham Village only contained a few log houses. The first two bushels of fall wheat which he sowed he had carried a distance of five miles on his back after threshing it on the same day with the old-fashioned implement, the flail. The first baking-kettle obtained was purchased with a loaf of sugar, which he carried on his back to Toronto, a distance of twenty miles through the woods, and returned home the same day carrying the kettle on his back. He had frequently journeyed to Toronto on horseback with eggs and butter. However, through the lapse of time, he and his industrious wife hewed for themselves a comfortable home out of this forest farm, where he died on December 25, 1880, surviving his wife by eleven years, and leaving a family of four sons and three daughters to survive him. His eldest son, John, resides in the Township of Vaughan and follows the occupation of farming; he has a family of eight sons and one daughter. The second eldest son, Hugh, resides in Markham on his grandfather’s old homestead; he has a family of four sons and one daughter. His son Neil follows the occupation of a Public School teacher and resides with his brother Allen, who is in possession of his father’s old homestead, and his youngest sister, Christina, lives on the farm with him. The other two daughters, Flora and Margaret, reside in the Townships of Bruce and Saugeen, and are married and in comfortable circumstances. The late Archibald McKinnon was a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church, to which denomination his family also belongs. In politics he was a Liberal Reformer; but took no active part in political contests, neither held any public office, as he was no office-seeker, preferring to live a quiet life. He was honest and exact in all his public dealings, never had a suit in court, nor was he ever sued. He and his wife were kind and hospitable, their home was always open to the poor and needy, and they were always liberal in giving to assist in every good cause, which example the surviving members of the family endeavour to follow.

Alexander McLean, lot 10, concession 6, is the son of John and Isabella McLean, who emigrated from Argyleshire, Scotland, in 1824 and settled in York County, purchasing and locating on the lot on which the subject of this sketch now resides. His father died in 1864 and his mother in 1877. Alexander follows the occupation of farmer, and is energetic and industrious. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and a Liberal in politics.

John B. McLean, lot 3, concession 8, was born in the Township of Markham in 1836; his father was John B. McLean, a native of Ardigullen, County of Longford, Ireland, who died in 1851. His mother’s maiden name was Eliza Preston, a native of the same place. She died in 1876. Our subject is one of a family of ten children, and has generally been engaged in farming. He married, December 2, 1864, Ophelia Peck, of Newmarket, daughter of Stephen Northrop Peck, deceased, formerly a dentist of Newmarket, by whom he has five children. Mr. McLean is in religion a member of the Baptist Church, and a Conservative in politics.

Alexander McPherson, lot 2, concession 5, is the son of Alexander and Annie McPherson. The family are of Scotch origin, our subject’s grandfather having emigrated from Edinburgh about 1787, and settled in Nova Scotia. His father, Alexander, came from that Province to York in 1830, and purchased the property on which the son now lives. He cleared his land, and, after a life spent in toil and usefulness, died in 1878. He took an active part in all matters pertaining to the religious welfare of the community among which he lived, and ministers of all denominations have received from him a hearty welcome. He left a family of one son and five daughters. The subject of this sketch married Elizabeth, daughter of William Hood. She died leaving one child. In 1855 he married a second time, his wife was Hester Kennedy; they have no children. Mr. McPherson has much improved his farm, which is now a very valuable one, and contains two hundred and twelve acres of choice land. He follows in the footsteps of his father, which is the highest compliment that can be paid to him, and in all matters which concern the good of the township he is ready to contribute his share of time and labour. He is a York Pioneer and also holds a Lieutenant’s commission in the militia.

Andrew Miller, lot 34, concession 1, is the youngest son of Henry and Mary (Kennedy) Miller. His father settled in Markham Township during the administration of Governor Simcoe, where he lived until his death in 1884. He was throughout his long life industrious, and discharged his manifold duties with conscientious care. He filled the office of District Councillor, and was a member of the first Council Board of the township, and also belonged to the County Council. As a sincere and devoted member of the Presbyterian Church his death was much lamented by that body in the district. Andrew has always lived on the old homestead which he now owns, and like his father, is much respected in the neighbourhood. He takes no part in the affairs of the municipality; but attends strictly to his own immediate concerns, and has been very successful. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church. He married a daughter of John Welsh of this township, by whom he had four sons, one of whom is in California. His grandfather built the first grist mill in Markham.

John Miller, lot 19, concession 10, is the son of George and Catharine Miller. His father was a native of Dumfries, Scotland, and emigrated to Canada in 1832, settling in the Township of Markham, where he remained until his death which occurred in 1880. During his lifetime he was largely engaged in stock-raising, and was, we believe, the first to import into Ontario the Leicester and Cotswold breed of sheep as well as the Shorthorn Durham cattle. He was also mainly instrumental in establishing the Provincial Exhibition, and up to the time of his death was a most active member of the society. He was on one occasion burned out, losing by that conflagration nine valuable horses, fourteen head of cattle and thirty-two sheep. He was, however, not discouraged by this calamity, but took the earliest possible opportunity of having his stock recruited from the Old Country. John, following the same course as his father, deals largely in a thoroughbred stock, but never exhibited at any of the large shows. He is married, and has six children.

Luton Miller, lot 16, concession 8, is the fourth son of Joshua Miller, who came from Saratoga, New York State, in 1801, and settled on lot 22, concession 8, in Markham Township, where he lived until his death in the year 1851. Luton was born on the old homestead in 1809, and on commencing life for himself purchased the farm where he resided until his death, which occurred July 7, 1884. Having grown up with the township, he contributed not a little towards the making of roads and the erection of churches and school-houses. Among the positions he held may be mentioned Roadmaster, Trustee of Schools and Deacon of the Baptist Church. He was also a Lieutenant in the militia, and was one of the first to answer the call to arms during the perilous times of the Rebellion.

William Milliken, lot 5, concession 5, is the descendant of a U. E. Loyalist family whose property was confiscated during the Revolutionary War. They settled in New Brunswick, but afterwards removed to York County, Ontario. His grandfather, Norman Milliken, located in Markham about 1805, where he remained until his death. His father, Benjamin Milliken, was born in New Brunswick in 1794, and was about eleven years old when the family removed to York. He volunteered for active service during the War of 1812, and was present at the Battle of Queenston Heights. The arms he carried on that memorable occasion are still in possession of the family. He also took an active part in the loyal cause during the Rebellion of 1837-38. He received a Captain’s commission, and subsequently was appointed Major. As a fitting reward for long and distinguished service he was commissioned a Justice of the Peace, the duties of which he fulfilled with zeal tempered by moderation. He was a faithful adherent of the Methodist Church, and his house was always open in welcome to ministers of every denomination. He was generous to the poor and needy, and exemplified his Christian principles by bestowing liberally for the furtherance of the Gospel. He died July 3, 1863, at the age of sixty-nine years. William was born on the old homestead July 2, 1834. He married Miss Mary E. Hood, by whom he has two sons and three daughters. Since he has had possession of the farm he has considerably improved and beautified it by planting hedgerows, etc. He is believed to have the best stock of Durham cattle and Cotswold sheep in the section. He has been seven years a member of the Municipal Council, and four years in the County Council. He at present occupies the position of Postmaster, and is a Lieutenant in the militia.

John Morgan, lot 28, concession 1, is of Scotch descent, his parents being Thomas and Sarah (Munshaw) Morgan. His father died in 1846, and his mother in 1838. His father was a blacksmith, and by industry and economy, left behind him a fine property of between four and five hundred acres. John followed his paternal parent’s trade, and in addition farms his land, which through his care and attention has been rendered highly productive. He married Miss Margaret Clarke, Thornhill; the fruit of this union is two children. Mr. Morgan is a member of the Presbyterian Church.

Nathan Munshaw, lot 35, concession 1. The family originally came from Pennsylvania. The grandfather, Balsam Munshaw, a U. E. Loyalist in company with Isaac Devins, came to Canada with Governor Simcoe, and settled in the Township of Markham. The subject of this sketch was born October 22, 1884, on the lot where he now resides. His father’s name was William; his mother was a daughter of the above-mentioned Mr. Devins. It is claimed for the eldest sister that she was the first white child born in York. Mr. Munshaw, sen’r, died July 13, 1846; his wife died June 27, 1881. Nathan was married in 1869 to Miss Jane E. Martin, by whom he has three children. He has greatly improved the homestead since his father’s death, by erecting new buildings and planting trees. His eldest brother, William M., lives with him and has an interest in the property. Mr. Munshaw has not been an office-seeker, being contented to attend to his own business. He is a member of the Methodist Church, and a consistent Christian.

William Mustard, lot 29, concession 3, is the second son in a family of twelve children. His father was George Mustard, of Scotch birth, who was pressed into the English Navy during the wars of Napoleon. He sailed for South America, and his ship having captured several prizes subsequently sailed for the West Indies. Mr. Mustard while there left the Navy and removed to the United States, from thence to Canada, and took up his residence in Markham, where he lived until his death in 1854. He served during the War of 1812 as Lieutenant under Colonel Allen. In the Battle of York he was at the western battery when it was blown up, and was taken prisoner by the Americans; but was exchanged, when he again took up arms and served until the end of the war. William lives on the old homestead, and married Miss Annie Graham, of Pickering, by whom he had nine children. He underwent in early life all the hardships that fall to the lot of the pioneer, but being a man of powerful frame, and withal resolute will, he conquered every difficulty, and has now the supreme satisfaction of knowing that the toil has not been in vain. He is a member of the Christian Church, and takes great interest in the work of the Sabbath school.

Ambrose Noble was born in Massachusetts, United States, in 1795. His native town was West Springfield, his father being Stephen Noble who emigrated from thence to Canada before the War of 1812. Ambrose settled on lot 16, concession 8, Markham Township. He married in 1821 Hannah Badgerow, by whom he had eleven children, six boys and five girls, all of whom are married with the exception of two who live at home. His wife died August 27, 1879. Jesse Noble, lot 5, concession 6, second son of the above. In early life he assisted his father to clear the farm, and on reaching manhood occupied his present lot. He married a daughter of the late Colonel Button, by whom he has one son, W. A., who lives at home. Mr. Noble has very much improved his property, and has shown considerable taste and skill in planting trees around his demesne, which is considered one of the prettiest places in the township. He has not sought or accepted office on the Municipal Board, but has principally attended to his own immediate concerns.

William Henry Norris, deceased, Lieutenant-Colonel of the 12th Battalion of York Rangers, and a Justice of the Peace of some twenty-two years’ standing in the County of York, was a native of England, and graduated LL.D., at Oxford University. He was educated for the ministry, and held a living in the Church of England when he came to Canada in 1839. A few years after his arrival he gave up his charge, which was either at Scarboro’ or at Markham, and commenced to speculate in land, and other profitable investments, by which he amassed considerable means. He was appointed a Justice of the Peace for the County of York, about 1856, which position he retained until his death. About the same year that he was appointed J.P., he started a company of volunteers in the neighbourhood of Scarboro’ (the 12th Battalion, York Rangers), and always continued to take an interest in them. He accompanied the Rangers to Niagara, during the Fenian Raid of 1866, and stayed with them while they were camped along with the medical staff at the Mount Eagle House, near the bridge. The regiment did not take part in the Battle of Ridgeway. Colonel Norris espoused Elizabeth Gray, also a native of England, by whom he had two sons, who now reside in York County. Colonel Norris died very suddenly on March 18, 1878, of apoplexy, a complaint from which he had for more than a year previously suffered. He had been to the New Fort on Garrison Common, Toronto, on business having reference to the 12th Battalion, and while boarding a Yonge Street car, with the intention of proceeding to his home in Yorkville, the attack which soon after proved fatal came upon him; assistance was promptly procured and he was carried to a neighbouring store, where he was attended by Dr. Riddell. The latter came to the conclusion that the case was a hopeless one, and at once secured a cab in which he had his patient placed, and within an hour had him in his own home in Yorkville. All that human ingenuity could devise and medical skill accomplish was done for the sufferer; but his life could not be saved, and before 8 p.m. the same evening Colonel Norris had breathed his last. His funeral was largely attended by the general public, and his remains were followed by two companies of the 12th York Battalion, also a number of the rank and file of the Queen’s Own, the Governor-General’s Body Guard, the Field Battery, and the 10th Royals. A large number of commissioned officers were present, besides several prominent citizens of Toronto. The body was temporarily lodged in the vault at St. James’s Cemetery, and was subsequently removed to its final resting place in Scarboro’. Of the esteem in which Colonel Norris was held by his brother magistrates and neighbours, the following memorial is sufficient testimony: “That the Magistrates of the County of York, in adjourned General Sessions of the Peace for the transaction of the public business, are deeply impressed by the absence from among them of two esteemed friends, for whom they had entertained sentiments of the most affectionate regard—they refer to the late Colonel Richard R. D. Denison and Lieut.-Colonel W. Norris, whose loss as members of their body is seriously felt, and engenders feelings of sincere sorrow. Impelled by a sense of duty, and actuated by feelings of long-tried friendship, this court desires to place on record that they have always found in those gentlemen unswerving integrity and zeal for the public good, and beg leave to assure the bereaved families of their departed friends how truly they sympathize with them in the very painful bereavement which, by the dispensation of Providence, has fallen upon them.” W. P. Norris resides on lot 4, concession 6, Markham Township, and is the eldest son of the late Lieut.-Colonel W. H. P. Norris. He was born in London, England, in the year 1835. Came to Canada with his father in 1839, and after receiving a fair education, turned his attention to farming, which occupation he has since followed. By perseverance, industry and good management, he has made for his family a comfortable home. He was married in 1868 to Miss Letitia Cairns; they have two sons and five daughters. Mr. Norris is a Liberal Conservative in politics, and has never taken any active part in contested elections. He is no office seeker, but finds sufficient outlet for his ambition in the cultivation of his farm, and towards the comforts of his home. The only positions of any importance held by Mr. Norris were a lieutenancy in the militia of Scarboro’, which had he desired it would have been raised to the captaincy, and Public School Trustee for his own section for a term. Mr. Norris bears the reputation of being very exact in his public dealings, and his liberality towards all objects of public benefit is very charitable; and his hospitable and genial manner is particularly noticeable and appreciated by his neighbours and friends.

Marshall O’Neill, lot 10, concession 6, brick manufacturer, was born in Markham in 1856, and is the son of Isaac O’Neill, who for some years carried on a brick manufactory in the Township of Uxbridge. Our subject commenced business for himself in 1882, and has been very prosperous. He married Miss Mary Hampton, by whom he has two children, William A., and Frederick O. Mr. O’Neill takes a lively interest in all matters pertaining to the welfare of the municipality.

John Peterson, lot 19, concession 6, is of German extraction, his father, Philip Frederick Peterson, being a native of Hanover. His grandfather was a minister of the Lutheran Church, who emigrated to America in 1795 with his family. In 1831 Philip Frederick purchased the lot now owned by our subject, on which he lived until his death in 1880, at the age of eighty-nine years. He left a widow and four children, three daughters, and John who was the only son. The latter took possession of the old homestead, which he continues to cultivate. He is of a quiet and unassuming disposition, and has never held or sought office in connection with municipal government.

Francis Pike, lot 11, concession 9, was born in Pennsylvania in 1804, and came to Canada in 1824. The prospects during the first few weeks of his advent were not encouraging, and only the want of funds prevented him from returning to Pennsylvania, but content came at last and with it success. He married in 1826 Elizabeth Strickler, by whom he had a family of fourteen children, nine of whom are living. He bought the old homestead, lot 30, concession 8, Markham, in 1826, and made it one of the most desirable farms in Markham; at that time it was harder to pay for a farm at $4 per acre than now at $80, owing to the absence of markets, and the impassable roads. Peter, his eldest son, has two fine farms, and John, another son, has three farms, all of which are in the vicinity of the old homestead. Francis sold his own farm, and bought ten acres, on which he built a beautiful brick house and out-buildings, and has also a fine orchard adjoining. Mr. Pike bears a good reputation for charity in the township, and steadily seeks how best to put in practice the precepts of the Great Teacher. He is a member of the Mennonite Church, and has been School Trustee for several years.

John Pingle, lot 21, concession 5, is the son of George and Mary Pingle, who emigrated from Germany and settled in the United States in 1792. His parents only remained there one year before coming to Canada and at once proceeded to Markham and located on the lot now occupied by him. He was born on the homestead in 1804, and from his earliest years was accustomed to the severe labour which fell to the lot of pioneers in clearing the bush. He managed to attend the German school of the district during the winter months, his services being in request on his father’s farm in summer. In 1827 he married Miss Jane Hunter; eight children being the fruit of the union. Of that family six are still living—two sons and four daughters. He was presented with one hundred acres of land with which to commence for himself, and by prudence, industry and thrift he was enabled to give his sons a fair start in life. He has a son and daughter living at home; the name of the former being Alexander, who manages the farm. Mr. Pingle is a member of the Church of England, and held the position of Warden in connection with that body for a number of years.

Frederick Quantz, deceased, an early settler in Markham Township, was born in London, England, in 1782. He was a German by birth, his father being a soldier in the English Army, and fought in that capacity during the American War of Independence. The latter returned to Europe on the restoration of peace, and while there his son Frederick was born. He subsequently returned to America, landing in Philadelphia in 1791; from thence he came to Canada and settled in Markham in 1793, where Frederick thereafter continued to reside. Our subject served in the War of 1812 under Colonel Butler, in command of the Markham Cavalry, and afterwards drew a small pension. He died in the year 1877. George Quantz, son of the above, on commencing for himself purchased part of lot 12, concession 2, in Markham, and also two hundred acres of land near Barrie, in Simcoe County, on one hundred acres of which his son Frank now resides. He also bought fifty acres of land on lot 38, concession 1, where his son Arthur resides. He married a daughter of Edward Phillips, of this township, by whom he has three sons and four daughters. He has a married daughter living in Vaughan Township, and a son-in-law who is a lawyer in Toronto. Mr. Quantz and his wife are famed throughout the district for their hospitality, shelter never being refused the wayfarer. Arthur Quantz, lot 38, concession 1, son of the above, was born in Markham in 1849. He has been connected with farming all his life, and the interest he takes in agricultural matters is amply shown by the fact that he is President of the Agricultural Society of this township. He married in 1875, Margaret, daughter of Thomas Linklatter. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, and holds a Trusteeship.

Frederick Quantz, lot 26, concession 6, is the eldest son of George and Mary Quantz. His father was a native of Hamburg, Germany, and came with his parents to the United States in 1772, where they remained about one year; subsequently coming to Canada and settling in this township. Mr. Quantz, sen’r, remained at home until his marriage in 1807, when he removed to a farm of his own. Frederick married Margaret Puterbough, by whom he had ten children. She died in 1854, and he married a second time to Mrs. Mary Lundy, a widow; they have two children, a son and a daughter, who live at home with them. Mr. Quantz is a member of the Methodist Church.

John Ramer, lot 30, concession 8, is the son of Abraham and Fanny Raymer, and was born in Pennsylvania, U. S., in 1810. He came to Canada in 1822 with his parents, and remained on the homestead until his marriage, clearing up the land. His wife was Elizabeth Sophia Breuls, daughter of John Breuls, a native of London, England, by whom he had eleven children, as follow: Hannah, dead; Elizabeth, married; Fanny, who married Mr. Mitchell, dead; Mary, living at home; Anna, married; Philip, married; Martha, dead; John, married; Margaret, married; George, dead, and Joseph, who lives at home. Although Mr. Ramer has suffered reverses, and has not always enjoyed the best of health, he has nevertheless a fine farm of two hundred acres and is in easy circumstances. He is a member of the Mennonite Church.

Peter Ramer, lot 14, concession 7, is the son of Abraham Ramer, and was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, March 7, 1800, and came to Canada in 1809, settling on lot 14, concession 8, Markham, where he lived until his marriage in 1823 with Miss Elizabeth Byer; they had a family of three sons and one daughter, Abraham, Jonas, John and Martha Reesor, all of whom are living in this township. The family belong to the Mennonite Church, and are in very good circumstances. Mr. Ramer, though now advanced in years, still continues hale and hearty and can yet read the newspaper without the aid of spectacles. Deer Park Farm, lot 15, concession 8, Markham, the home of Peter and Elizabeth Ramer for fifty-four years, was always open to receive weary strangers, and Mr. Ramer was one of the most enterprising and prominent pioneer farmers in Markham. Mrs. Ramer died in 1877.

Peter Raymer, lot 32, concession 8, is the son of the late Abraham Raymer, who came with his family from Pennsylvania, U. S., in 1822, and settled in this township. Peter was about five years old when his people came to Canada, and was brought up to farming. His family consists of four sons and three daughters—Jacob, the eldest son, is located on lot 12, concession 7, of Whitchurch, and married Martha Breuls; the other members of the family are Fanny, married to John Heisey; Abraham, married to Matilda Stockley, located on lot 8, concession 7, Township of Whitchurch; Mary and Christian (the two last named being twins), Elizabeth and Peter. Christian Raymer married Christina Stouffer. He is of a studious disposition, and often fills the pulpit of Mennonite Brethren in Christ. Mr. Peter Raymer has been successful enough to give each of his sons a good farm and yet retain for himself fifty acres, and bears an exceptionally good character among his neighbours in the section.

Benjamin B. Reesor. The family first settled in Markham in 1804, John Reesor, the father of our subject, being born at Cedar Grove a short time afterwards. Mr. Reesor, sen’r, assisted to clear the farm, and for some years was proprietor and ran a grist-mill in his native village, until receiving from his father lot 1, concession 11, of Markham, he repaired thither and commenced farming. He subsequently bought land adjoining, and his property in all amounted to about seven hundred acres. His death occurred in 1864. Benjamin was born in 1836, and is the owner of the old homestead, being the youngest in a family of five children. He married Nancy Hoover in 1857; the result of this union being eleven children. He is a Reformer in politics, and a member of the Mennonite Church; he has a brother, a minister in that body.

Mrs. C. Reesor, lots 14 and 15, concession 10, relict of the late C. Reesor, of this township, is a daughter of Calvin Cornell, of Scarboro’ Township. She was married to Mr. Reesor in August, 1866, and his death, which took place on April 25, 1877, left her with five children, viz.: Albert C. Grasett, Victoria M., John A. E., Frederick E. N., and Maude C. E., all of whom are still living. By the father’s will each of the sons received three hundred acres of land, the daughters having divided among them the village property. To Mrs. Reesor was left the management of the estate, together with its income, besides village property and money. Her deceased husband was a Conservative in politics, and an adherent of the English Church. Mrs. Reesor belongs to the Methodist persuasion, and recently gave a lot in the Village of Stouffville on which to build a church. Her father, the late Mr. Calvin Cornell, died in Detroit, Mich., under circumstances that provoked at the time a strong suspicion of foul play. He had gone on a journey to the United States to buy land, and for that purpose carried with him a large sum of money; he took sick at Detroit and died, and the doctor who attended him was tried at the Courts in Toronto for having poisoned Mr. Calvin Cornell, but managed to clear himself. All the money and some notes disappeared.

Josephus Reesor, lots 3 and 4, concession 9, was born in the Township of Markham, January 10, 1820, being the son of Peter Reesor, a native of Pennsylvania, who emigrated to Canada at an early day. The family is one of great respectability and is very well known throughout the township. Mr. Reesor has followed farming since he commenced for himself, which occupation was also followed by his father. Mr. Reesor is a Mennonite in religion, and in politics is a Conservative.

William Reesor, lot 22, concession 10, Township of Markham, is the eldest son of the late Christian Reesor, and was born in this township, March 24, 1821, where he has always resided. He has been married twice, the first time to Mary Jane Campbell, who died August 1, 1862, by whom he had two sons and one daughter; one son and the daughter died in infancy and the other son is now established in the jewellery business in Brandon, Manitoba. His second wife was Jeannette, daughter of Hector Thompson, of Cedar Grove, by whom he has one son and two daughters. William Reesor and his wife belong to the Wesleyan Methodist Church, of which they are exemplary and consistent members.

Jonathan Slater, farmer, Buttonville Post-office. Benjamin Slater, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in New York State, in 1789, and while yet a young man came to Canada, and became a British subject. When the War of 1812-15 broke out he took up arms in defence of his adopted country. He settled first on Yonge Street, near Hogg’s Hollow, but afterwards removed to Markham Township, where he purchased a farm on which he lived until his death in 1868, at the ripe old age of seventy-nine years. Jonathan received a good common school education, remained on the farm, and on his father’s death came into possession of the homestead. By his energy and industry, and by adopting the most approved system of farming, he has raised himself to a front rank among the agriculturists of this section, and is a prominent member of the Farmers’ Club. He has given considerable attention to the improvement of stock, especially sheep. His religious persuasion is Presbyterian. In politics he is a consistent Liberal, but has never aspired to political distinction.

John Snowball, lot 8, concession 7, was born in Yorkshire, England, and came to Canada in 1842. He settled first at Yorkville, where he followed his occupation of brick-maker. In 1845 he removed to Markham, and established his present business which was up to 1860 confined to the manufacture of brick alone. In that year he was enabled, by importing machinery from England, to enter largely into the manufacture of tiles, which business he still follows. Besides his two sons he finds constant employment for two men, and his close application to business has been the means of securing him a large trade. He married Ann Glue, of Yorkville, by whom he has seven children, four sons and three daughters; a son and a daughter are dead. He is an adherent of the Methodist Church.

William Spence, merchant tailor, Unionville, was born in Yorkshire, England, September 4, 1858, and came to Canada in 1883. He located first in Hamilton, where he was employed as cutter, subsequently removing to Unionville, where he commenced business for himself. Since his advent he has met with considerable encouragement, the business in the near future promising to be a prosperous one. He married Elizabeth Love, of Yorkshire, England, by whom he has two children. He takes great interest in the temperance movement, and holds the position of Worthy Patriarch in the Sons of Temperance Society.

James Statenburgh, lot 25, concession 3, is the youngest of three children, and was born in Markham Township in 1821, where he received his education. He is of Dutch descent, his grandparents having been born in Holland. He is now living on the family homestead, having received the same from his father, after paying off the other members of the family. He has in addition other property which he has purchased, and has laid out a great deal of money in buildings and improvements. He held the office of Postmaster and is still License Inspector of the district. He is Captain of the militia, having risen to that rank by merit from the grade of private. He was twice married, first to a daughter of Robert Nichol, who died in 1845. He married the following year a daughter of Robert Grundy from Yorkshire, England, who died in 1883. By his first wife he had one daughter; by his second wife three sons and two daughters.

Reuben H. Stiver, general merchant, Unionville, was born in Markham Township, July 16, 1855. He is the only son of Robert Stiver, who was born also in Markham Township, October 25, 1818, and, when quite young, removed with his parents to Toronto Township; but returned again to Markham in a few years; he was one of the young pioneers of Markham, and at the present time is the oldest member of the Stiver family now living; he is a staunch Reformer, and took part in the Rebellion of 1837. He married Annie Bell, a native of Cumberland, England, who came to Canada when only eight years of age. Reuben A. Stiver commenced life on a farm, but, at the age of twenty-two, he gave up farming and engaged in the hardware business in Unionville, which he continued until January 1, 1884. He is now engaged in the general business in the same place. On March 2, 1880, he married Eleanor, the third daughter of the late James Mustard, of Markham; his wife was born on July 11, 1855. In religion he is an adherent of the Lutheran Church, in politics he is a Reformer. His wife is a Presbyterian.

W. Stiver, lot 14, concession 5, public school teacher and farmer, was born in Markham Township, May 17, 1830. He is of German descent, his grandfather having emigrated to the United States from Hamburg, Germany, in 1792. He (the grandfather) remained in New York State about one year, and in 1793 came and settled in Markham Township. Our subject’s father, Francis Stiver, was born near Rochester, New York State, in 1793, and came to Markham Township with the family. He served with his brother John as a volunteer during the War of 1812-’14. His death occurred May 12, 1879, at the age of eighty-six years and eleven months. The mother of our subject was Elizabeth Lindsay, who was born at Southampton, England, in 1805; she died in 1873. William Stiver is one of a family of nine children, and after receiving a good scholastic training he commenced the business of life as school-teacher. He began his duties in 1851, which he continued uninterruptedly to fulfil until so recent a date as December, 1884. During the course of his career of thirty-four years’ tutorship it is calculated that he travelled on foot to and from school, altogether a distance of sixty-nine thousand five hundred and twelve miles. He had something like one thousand four hundred and seventy-eight different pupils under his care, some of whom are now professors, ministers, and high and public school teachers. He taught eleven years in No. 5 Section, two years in No. 10 Section, and twenty-one years in No. 11 School Section of Markham Township. Mr. Stiver was married at the Lutheran Parsonage, Vaughan, December 24, 1873, to Elizabeth J., daughter of Andrew and Rebecca (May) Wagner. Two children only are the issue of this marriage, Elma May and J. L. Bernard. Mr. Stiver belongs to the Lutheran Church, and is a Reformer. As an illustration of the tenacity with which the members of this family cling to their political principles, it is recorded as a fact that never on any occasion did the father or one of his six sons poll a Conservative vote.

William Stiver, lot 13, concession 4, is the son of John and Mary Stiver. His mother, it is stated, was the first white child born in Markham, her birth being on April 7, 1794. The family originally came from Hanover, Germany, in 1793; and Mr. Stiver, the father of our subject, served in the War of 1812, for which he drew a pension. He died in 1879. William married a daughter of Robert Hesk, of this township, by whom he has nine children, all living.

Daniel Tipp, lot 23, concession 4, is the son of William and Catharine Tipp. His mother was born in Pennsylvania of German parents. His father was born in Germany in 1755, and came to America as a soldier in the German Legion of the British Army, and served through the Revolutionary War. At its conclusion he settled in Pennsylvania, but subsequently came to Canada where he drew three hundred acres of land from the Crown. His grant was at Chippewa Creek, which he afterwards sold and removed to Toronto. He located soon after in Markham. He took part in the War of 1812, and was at the Battle of York. Mr. Tipp, sen’r, being ignorant of farming, was not very successful; but the last days of himself and wife were spent in comfort in the home of their son. Daniel was born in 1799 at Richmond Hill, and has always been a resident of Markham. When he reached manhood he purchased two hundred acres of land in Tecumseth, and afterwards bought in Markham the lot where he now resides. He married Sarah Perkins; the issue of the union being two daughters, both married. Mr. Tipp’s religious principles are sound, and he gives liberally to all denominations. He has not sought office, but has quietly attended to his own affairs, which have been successful.

James Tran, lot 6, concession 10, is of Scotch descent, but was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1814. He emigrated to Canada in 1843, his mother and remainder of family coming in 1844, his father having died in England. In 1845 he settled in Markham, the family comprising a small colony of themselves, there being nine sons and three daughters; two have since died, a son and a daughter. James has always followed farming, and during the first few years of his residence in the township rented a farm. In 1856 he bought the property, and five years later added to the purchase, making in all one hundred and ninety acres of choice land. The lively interest he took in agricultural matters gained for him the Presidency of the County Agricultural Society, and he was for twenty-six years Director and Judge of the Provincial Exhibition. He has imported stock from the Old Country, together with agricultural implements, and in connection with this business has five different times crossed the Atlantic. He has been License Inspector seven years, and during his residence in the township has contributed materially to its progress. He married in England in 1837 Mary Ann Gardham, by whom he had thirteen children; nine only are living, seven of whom are married. One of his daughters, Maggie, has been successful in securing the first prize for the best Farmer’s Wreath, at York County, Whitby and Newmarket Fairs. Mr. Tran has at present twenty-four grand-children.

Walter W. Walker, lot 26, concession 6, hotel proprietor, was born in Essex, England, and emigrated from there to the United States in 1872. He came to Canada one year later, and was for some time engaged on the survey of the Canadian Pacific Railway. He took possession of the present hotel in 1880, and makes an entertaining and agreeable host. He also fills the position of County Constable with zeal and discretion. Mr. Walker married Christiana E. Hunter of this township, by whom he has one child, a daughter.

Thomas Williamson, the present Reeve of the Township of Markham, was born in the township in 1848, and is essentially a self-made man. His father emigrated from England in 1837, and settled at Richmond Hill, where after renting two farms, he ultimately purchased land on lot 26, concession 7. His parents were married in England, his mother’s maiden name being Hannah Bowlor; their family consisted of seven children. Between the years 1866 and 1877 Thomas taught school in the village, and afterwards bought a farm of ninety-five acres on lot 31, concession 5, of this township. He married in 1860 Miss Jane Lee of Markham, by whom he has four children as follow: Elizabeth, born 1871; John, born 1873; Ernest, born 1875; and Clarabell, born 1879. Mr. Williamson has been Deputy-Reeve and Councillor.

David Wismer, lot 17, concession 7, was born in this township in 1807, being the son of David and Lydia Wismer, who emigrated from Pennsylvania in 1805, and making the journey with a yoke of oxen, settled in Markham. His parents died in 1856. David married in 1826 Mary Toman, by whom he had fourteen children; ten are still living. Elijah, the youngest son, resides with his parents, and takes the management of the farm. He married Susanna Strickler, by whom he has four children. Mr. Wismer, sen’r, though over seventy-six years of age, still preserves the activity of youth, and through his long life has been energetic and industrious. He has assisted in the making of roads and other necessary improvements for the comfort and convenience of the inhabitants of the section, and in various ways has proved his usefulness to the community. He is a member of the Christian Church.

VILLAGE OF MARKHAM.

OHN ANTHONY, builder, was born in Norfolk, England, and came to Canada with his father, who settled in Scarboro’ Township, in 1836. John remained at home until 1850, when he was apprenticed to Mr. Peter Lapp, with whom he learned the trade of carpenter. In 1856 he commenced business with Mr. Matthew Swallow, and two years later removed to Pickering and began business for himself, which he carried on until 1870. He then became foreman for Speight & Son, which position he held eleven years. He now rents a large factory, where he manufactures sashes, doors and all kinds of general wood work. Mr. Anthony has the reputation of being a first-class draughtsman and architect, and has erected some of the finest buildings in the township. In 1858 he married Mary Cook. By this union he has four children, Mary, Arthur, H. Oscar and Stella. On October 23, 1883, Mr. Anthony lost all his property by fire.

Samuel Charles Ash was born in Devonshire, England, in 1817. He belonged to H.M.’s 43rd Regiment of Foot, and came to Canada with the corps in 1838. They were first stationed at Montreal, and afterwards removed to Niagara Falls. In 1846 he returned to England, where he got his discharge. The following year he came to Canada and located in Montreal a short time, and in 1848 he went to Toronto. After spending some little time at Thornhill, he commenced business in Toronto as a merchant tailor. From there he went to Uxbridge and ultimately came to Markham Village. In 1850 he married Elizabeth Washington, who died on December 11, 1877; they had five children, viz.: Elizabeth Maria, born May 27, 1851; Elizabeth Maria, born July 21, 1852; Agnes Augusta, born September 21, 1853 (the three last named died in infancy); Frederick Charles, born February 22, 1855; Elizabeth Maria, born May 4, 1858.

Ebenezer Burk, postmaster, was born on lot 24, concession 10, of Markham Township, in 1847, and is the son of David Burk, who emigrated from Ireland in 1833. His mother’s maiden name was Jane L. Campbell. In 1866 Mr. Burk commenced general store keeping, which he continued until 1872. In 1881 he took charge of the Markham Post-office, which position he still holds. In July, 1879, he married Miss Lizzie Bell, of Brougham; he has one son, Edmund, born January 9, 1882.

George James Chauncey was born at St. John’s, Newfoundland, in November, 1849, and is a descendant of one of the oldest families in Britain’s oldest colony. Among his predecessors was the first Surveyor-General and Clerk of the Peace of the colony; and among his late relatives was the late Thomas Knight, Esq., for many years a member of the Legislature, one of whose sons still fills the responsible position of Acting Secretary of the Board of Works, and a second that of Cashier of the Newfoundland Savings Bank. Mr. Rice, M.H.A., one of the present representatives to the Legislature from the electoral district of Notre Dame Bay, is also an uncle of Mr. Chauncey on his mother’s side. Another of his uncles lost his life whilst engaged in the public service of the colony; whilst the old firm of Goss, Chauncey & Ledgard was one of the most substantial commercial houses in Harbour Grace, Conception Bay. One of Mr. Chauncey’s uncles by marriage has been Financial Secretary of the Colony for the past eight or ten years. Mr. Chauncey’s parents are George William Fletcher Chauncey and Eliza, eldest daughter of the late James Rice, Esq., formerly Sheriff of the Northern District of Newfoundland. Mrs. Chauncey was born at Twillingate, Notre Dame Bay, in 1828, where her husband carried on a general commercial business for some years. Mr. George Chauncey is one of seven children, five of whom are still living. His earliest days were spent in Notre Dame Bay, where many of the most stirring memories of his boyish days were acquired. One of the most memorable of these incidents occurred when scarcely fourteen years old—his father then being engaged in commercial life at Twillingate. Upon that occasion large numbers of seals (Phoca Grœnlandica) had been driven into the Bay upon the ice, and George, young as he was, made it his duty to join the seal hunters in their raids upon the amphibious animals, and always brought home his “haul,” when others had cut their lines to save their lives. Twice, with his companions, he was carried off upon the floe-bergs, to be rescued by a timely boat on one occasion; and upon the other escaping to shore over the ice after very considerable exertion, which ended in an attack of ice-blindness that lasted for three days. How great the peril was may be understood when the bodies of five men, who were drifted up the bay and lost, were subsequently recovered, frozen to death on the floating ice, about fifteen miles from where they started. After receiving a very fair and liberal education of the old-time Commercial School class, Mr. Chauncey was placed in the printing office of The Public Ledger newspaper, then conducted by his uncle, the late Mr. Henry Winton, in which paper he “served his time” out. He afterwards entered the office of The St. John’s Daily News, and North Star (weekly), edited and published by Mr. Robert Winton, now of Toronto. At this establishment, where from some twelve to fifteen years was published the Legislative work of the colony, with the Journals of its Legislative Assembly, Mr. Chauncey acquired a pretty thorough knowledge of his business. He remained at work there up to the period of his departure for Toronto, where he was engaged on the Globe, Evening Telegram and in other offices, occasionally contributing correspondence and other matter to these journals. In April, 1880, Mr. Chauncey was married to Miss Mary Hammond, of Brampton, and in the following year was induced to undertake the publication of the Markham Sun, in the Village of Markham, York County, which paper is still successfully continued by him. In September of last year he was appointed Postmaster of Markham, which position he continues to fill. In politics Mr. Chauncey is of the Liberal-Conservative school; in religion, a Protestant of the Independent or Congregational denomination, a connection in which he received his earliest religious training, and to which he is still strongly attached. Personally, Mr. Chauncey is a gentleman of considerable energy and large experience, and is possessed of the best traits characteristic of the stock from which he sprung. He has been a warm and zealous exponent of the views and policy of the party with which he is associated, and—still a young man—gives fair promise of a long future of considerable value to the political interests of the Province in which he has taken up his permanent abode.

William Cherry, retired farmer, was born in Ireland in 1802, and emigrated to Canada in 1827. He first worked near Toronto, and engaged in lumbering and farming six years, and afterwards worked on the Lockport Canal. He then purchased a farm, being part of lots 3 and 4, concession 3, Markham, and with land adjoining, which he has since bought, now owns two hundred and fifty acres. Mr. Cherry is in every sense of the word a self-made man; he landed in Toronto without a dollar, and by perseverance, energy and pluck has acquired a nice competency. He owns a fine residence on lots 1 and 2, Church Street in Markham Village, on which he resides. In 1840 he married Miss Ann Armstrong, whose parents came from Ireland; they had ten children, as follow: Jane, born April 20, 1842; died May 1, 1842; Martha, born April 25, 1843; Mary, born January 18, 1845; John, born October 22, 1846; Thomas, born July 26, 1848; William, born September 9, 1850; Rebecca, born August 10, 1853; James, born September 2, 1855; Sarah Jane, born October 31, 1857; and Albert, born September 8, 1860, who died September 15, 1860. Thomas, Mary and Martha are married.

A. Fleury, ironfounder, was born in 1824 on lot 9, concession 1, King Township, where he remained until 1843. He then went to Newmarket, and learned his trade with Mr. Blaker, and, on completing his apprenticeship, returned to the farm, and built a shop in which he manufactured threshing machines, ploughs, etc. He remained there ten years, after which he removed to Aurora, and in connection with his brother, worked there for five years. In 1868 he located in Markham Village and rented what was known as Todd’s old foundry, which was burnt down in 1874. Mr. Fleury then rented his present foundry, where he employs from twelve to twenty men in the manufacture of agricultural implements. In 1880 he built a fine brick residence in the village. He was a member of the Council for four years, and is at the present time a Trustee of the Canada Methodist Church. In 1848 he married Miss Catharine Woodard, by whom he had seven children, viz.: Agnes, Milton, Arthur, Maria, Seth, Peter and Egbert.

George Graham, retired, was born near the City of Carlisle, Cumberland, England, and came to Canada in 1829. He located in Markham Township, settling on lot 5, concession 7, where he remained until 1871. He was Sergeant under Captain Barkie, and took part in the Rebellion of 1837. In 1855 Mr. Graham bought two hundred acres of land in Uxbridge Township, and at present owns fifty acres in the Township of Scott, in addition to house and lot in Markham Village where he resides. He is Treasurer of L. O. F. No. 548. He has been twice married, first to Ann Sanderson, of Cumberland, England, in 1835, by whom he has four children, viz.: Ann, Joseph, Thomas and Dinah. His second marriage took place in 1870, his wife being Mrs. Dewhurst, of Uxbridge.

William Hamilton Hall, proprietor of the Franklin House, Markham Village, was born in 1852. His father, the late Mr. Hamilton Hall, was a native of Rome, New York State, where the family owned a distillery. Accompanied by his brother he came to Canada, and settled near the Humber, where he died, March 23, 1882, in his seventy-second year. In 1872 William took possession of the Ontario Hotel at Ringwood, and subsequently built his present large and commodious hotel, 50 x 100 feet and two storeys high. In 1872 he married Lavinia Rimdle, of Whitby.

John Jerman, waggon manufacturer and blacksmith, Markham Village. The enterprising subject of this sketch was born in 1838, being the second son of Henry and Ann (Wilson) Jerman. His father came to Canada in 1832, and for several years carried on the business of blacksmith in Markham, and, under his supervision, John learned the same trade. On the retirement from business of the former, the son took it in hand and had greatly extended it, having added a furniture manufactory, planing mills and waggon works. The factory was burned down in the fall of 1883, but he still carried on the blacksmith shop. He is the owner also of considerable village property, and may be classed as one of the most prosperous of the surrounding community. He was a member of the Council from its incorporation until 1882. In 1873 he married Annie, daughter of Captain Armstrong. His wife died in 1877, and he married a second time, his partner being Mary, daughter of Joseph Reesor, of Markham.

H. C. Marr, grocer, flour and feed merchant, is a native of Markham Township, and was born in 1833. His grandfather was one of the first settlers east of concession 6 of this township, and came from Pennsylvania, United States. On his arrival in Canada, June 1, 1800, he remained at Niagara one year and then came forward to Markham. They made the journey by means of sleighs drawn by oxen, in which primitive manner their worldly goods were conveyed to the place of settlement, that being on lot 14, concession 9, which was a Government grant of two hundred acres. The subject of this sketch is still owner of one hundred and twenty-five acres of the old homestead. They had many hardships to contend with in the early days, his grandfather having carried wheat on his back a distance of fourteen miles to the German Mills, and on one memorable day before Christmas, walked to Toronto for the purpose of obtaining bread and tea, and brought home two pounds of tea and seven loaves of bread. He died in 1865. The father of our subject held forty acres of the old homestead, and purchased fifty acres on the adjoining lot, on which he reared a family of six children, as follow: James, Maria (dead), Henry C., Jemima (dead), Sarah Ann and Catharine. The father died in 1855. The subject of this sketch worked on the farm the ten years following his father’s death, when he removed to his present location, and started his present business, which is a very prosperous one. He has occupied some important public positions, among which may be mentioned the Presidency of the Markham and East York Agricultural Societies, and is at present Vice-President; he was Assessor and Collector for four years.

William Marr, hotel proprietor, was born July 19, 1827, on lot 14, concession 16, in the Township of Markham. His father, Joseph Marr, was born in Pennsylvania, United States, in 1862. His mother’s maiden name was Louisa Crosby. His parents are dead. Their family consisted of nine children, viz.: William, Sarah, Manly, Rufus, Ira, Mary, Ann, Edward and James. William remained on the home farm until 1850, and then removed to Pickering; he subsequently located in Markham Village, and entered the hotel business, which he has since conducted. He married in 1847 Harriet Killington, from Yorkshire, England, by whom he has one son, Henry, born November 17, 1861.

Thomas Morgan is a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, and came to this country with his father, William Morgan, in 1832. His father bought land in Markham Village and erected a blacksmith’s shop and other premises, the firm being now known as T. & G. Morgan. He is one of a family of six children. The father died in 1843, and the mother the preceding year.

George Pringle, one of the firm of Pringle Brothers, carriage and waggon manufacturers, was born in 1841. Some account of his parents is given in another sketch. Mr. Pringle has been thrice married, first, March 9, 1865, to Catharine Burgess; second, on June 24, 1878, to her sister Margaret Burgess; third, October 7, 1881, to Martha Widman. He has by his first wife two children, Willard, born October 23, 1866; Walter Leslie, born December 3, 1868; by his second wife he had Lilly Ella, born February 9, 1879; Minnie May, born May 13, 1880; by his third wife, who died October 20, 1883, he had one daughter, viz.: Nellie Augusta, born November 24, 1882.

Robert Pringle, waggon-maker, was born in Markham in 1837. His father, James Pringle, was born in Scotland, and came to Canada in 1832. His mother’s name was Johanna Wanless. His parents were married at Hogg’s Hollow in 1836, and his father removed to Markham the same year, where he commenced business. In 1873 his sons Robert and George took charge of the business which they have since successfully conducted. Their manufactures include all kinds of cutters, sleighs, waggons, buggies, etc., the turn over being about $10,000 per annum, and they employ about fifteen men. Mr. Pringle has been a member of the Council three years. He was twice married, first to Mary Ann White; three children are the fruit of this union, Clara, William and Frank. His second wife was Rosa Nighswander by whom he had two sons and one daughter, Charles, Robert and Laura.

F. G. PERCY.

F. G. Percy, livery stable proprietor, was born in Pickering. His father emigrated from England in 1832, and was one of the first settlers in that district; he took up lot 27, concession 6. His mother’s maiden name was Elizabeth Young. His parents were married in England, the result of their union being eleven children, five of whom only are now living; as follow: Rev. William Percy, of Stouffville; James Percy, J.P., and first Deputy-Reeve of Pickering Township; Salvanius, in the express office, Port Huron; Uriah, living on the old homestead, and F. G. Percy, the subject of this notice. The latter conducts the livery stables at Markham Village, and owns a number of first-class rigs; he also owns a part (fifty-three and a-half acres) of the old homestead. He is a County Constable, and a Councillor in the Village of Markham.

Frederick A. Reesor was born on lot 8, concession 8, Markham Township, 1844. He attended school and worked on the farm until 1863, and then went to college where he graduated in 1867. He is a silver medallist in mathematics; one year subsequent to leaving college he held a position in the Royal Canadian Bank, and from 1872 until 1874 he was teacher in the High School. In the last-named year he was appointed to the management of the Markham Branch of the Standard Bank—a position he still retains. In 1872 he married Catharine, daughter of the Rev. James Bain; they have three children: Kate Eliza, born 1875; James D., born 1880; and Emily Bain, born 1884. Mr. Reesor has been a Sunday school superintendent for fourteen years.

Henry B. Reesor was born on lot 12, concession 9 of Markham in 1846, and is the son of Christian G. Reesor, who was also born in this township. His mother was Susan Burkholder, of Vaughan Township. Our subject was educated at the Common and Grammar Schools; attending the former until eighteen years of age; the latter for two years. In 1867 he married Miss Jennie Dack, by whom he has five children, viz.: Ella Augusta, born 1868; Laura Gertrude, born 1871; Walter Douglass, born 1876; Maud Ethel, born 1880; and Nora Edith Beatrice, born 1882. After his marriage Mr. Reesor lived five years on the farm, and then removed to Markham Village, and engaged in the business of conveyancer, general financial and insurance agent, etc.

James Robinson, tanner, was born on the north-east corner of Bay and King Streets, Toronto, in 1804, and came to Markham with his father (who was from Pennsylvania, U. S.) in 1805. He was the eldest son in a family of five children; his father and grandfather were tanners, which business James followed. In 1854 he commenced on his own account. He has occupied several public positions, notably the office of Reeve from 1868 to 1872; Councillor from 1874 to 1878; he was Warden of the county in 1877, and has also been Deputy-Reeve. In 1863 he married Louise Ashbridge, of Toronto, by whom he has five children, viz.: John Franklin, William Armstrong, Edward Wheeler, Jennie and Clara.

Dr. Wesley Robinson was born on lot 13, concession 8, of this township, in 1850, and is the son of Andrew Robinson, who was born on the same farm in 1820. He studied at McGill College, Montreal, where he graduated in 1872. He commenced the practice of his profession at Uxbridge, and from there came to Markham, after a short stay of six months, where he has continued to reside. He has been a member of the Council and School Trustee. Dr. Robinson married Arvilla Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. Freel, of Stouffville, by whom he has two children, viz.: Bertram, born 1872, and Ada, born 1879.

Henry Robinson, merchant, was born in Markham Village in 1849, where he was educated. In 1873 he opened a general store on the west side of Main Street, where he continued to carry on his business until 1882. He then moved to a building opposite, and with a well-stocked store is doing a successful trade. He is a member of the Council, and has been a Churchwarden for three years. In 1868 he married Miss Sophia Burke, by whom he has had the following children, viz.: Harry Crickson, born May 26, 1869, died October 22, 1874; John O., born November 3, 1872; Joseph Hilliard, born July 29, 1875; Eva Sophia, born December 10, 1877.

James Speight, one of the largest waggon manufacturers in the Province of Ontario, was born in Markham, August 30, 1830. His father, Thomas Speight, emigrated from Yorkshire, England, and took up his residence in the Southern States. He remained there but a short time, and came from there to Canada, settling in the Village of Markham, and in 1840 established the waggon manufactory which bears his name. James went to school until he was fifteen years of age, and then worked with his father. In 1877 a fire destroyed the whole factory, which was rebuilt in the amazingly short period of thirty days. The main building is 244 x 52 feet; the showroom 100 x 32 feet; in connection with the factory is also a planing mill and sash and door shop. The annual turnover is about $150,000, and goods are exported to the North-West as well as other portions of the Dominion, in addition to a large local trade. Mr. Speight was the first Reeve of Markham Village, held the Reeveship for ten years consecutively, and has besides held the office of Councillor, High School Trustee, and Secretary and Treasurer of the Township Agricultural Society. He is also a Mason and an Oddfellow. He has been twice married, having in 1855 espoused Miss Mary Crosby of Markham Township, who died in 1876; by her he had the following children, viz.: Arthur A., born July 9, 1856, died May 2, 1882; Harriet Amelia, born October 28, 1858, died December 25, 1859; Elizabeth Maud May, born September 10, 1860, died June 7, 1881; Martha Helen, born October 20, 1863; Jennie Crosby, born November 19, 1865; Joseph James, born November 11, 1868; Annette L. Gertrude, born January 29, 1871; Frank Herbert, born February 25, 1873; Henry Howard, born November 22, 1875. His second wife was Helen, the sister of his deceased wife.

G. R. Vanzant is descended from a family of U. E. Loyalists, his grandfather, Garrett Vanzant, having emigrated from New York State, and settled in concession 10 of Markham. He is one of a family of seven children; his father’s name was William. He was first employed on a farm at Uxbridge in 1853, and afterwards went to the United States. In 1860 he removed to Toronto where he stayed two years, subsequently conducting a general hardware business in the Village of Stouffville. He sold out there in 1869 and located on his present premises in Markham, where he carried on a successful business. He is also the owner of ten acres of land and the residence built by the Hon. D. Reesor in 1874. He at present holds the position of Reeve, and has been Councillor and School Trustee. Among other important offices which he holds are Master of Lodge No. 87, A. F. and A. M., G. R. Canada; President of the Speight Manufacturing Company, and President of the Reform Association. In 1861 he married Miss Catharine Nadier, by whom he has five children, Eva I., Victor Edward, William Clifford, Frank Nicholas, and Clarence N.

Joseph Wales, carriage-maker, was born in 1836. In 1844 he went to Erie County, New York State, and at the expiration of seven years returned to Markham, and worked for his brother, William H. R. Wales, at the trade of carriage building. At the end of eleven months he left him and worked for some time afterwards in the sash and door factory of Messrs. W. & J. Hicks. He subsequently journeyed to California, and after remaining there close upon three years, returned to Markham and again entered the employment of his brother. In 1872 he began business for himself as carriage and waggon builder. In October, 1852, Mr. Wales married Anna R. Scott, of this township; they had two daughters, Henrietta, born 1853, and Gertrude, born 1864, died 1866. He has been a member of the Council for two years.

Van B. Woodruff, saddle and harness-maker, was born in Brougham, March 15, 1860, being the son of Powell and Ruth Ann (Merrit) Woodruff, whose family consisted of six children. Mr. Woodruff first commenced business in Brougham, where he stayed two years, after which he purchased his present premises (formerly owned by Mr. G. M. Digby), and has a good business. He keeps a general stock of harness, saddles, whips, valises, trunks, etc.

Washington G. Woodruff, livery stable proprietor, was born in Brougham in 1856, and is one of a family of five children born to Nelson and Margaret (Barnum) Woodruff. He remained at home until 1873, and then removed to Pickering, and was employed as buyer in the firm of W. & J. Spinks, millers and grain merchants. He stayed at Pickering three years, and then removed to Brant County, where he conducted a bakery, selling out at the end of four months. The next four months he spent at Michipicoton Island, carriage painting, and subsequently came back to his native village, where he established a bakery which he carried on for a little over a year. He purchased his present business from Mr. Marshall in February, 1883. He married Miss Nellie Reid, of Brougham.

T. F. Wootten was born in Wiltshire, England, in 1843, and emigrated to Canada with his parents, David and Eliza (Clifford) Wootten, who settled in Markham in 1856. He is one of a family of nine children, five of whom only are living, and conducts the business formerly owned by his brother. He holds a contract for conveyance of Her Majesty’s Mails, and is also pound keeper of the Village of Markham. He was married to Sarah Jane Brooks, daughter of the late Mr. Jacob Brooks, by whom he has two children, Ellen D. and Alna A. Eliza Elizabeth. It should be stated that Mr. Jacob Brooks carried the first mail from Toronto to Markham right through to Uxbridge and Mariposa Township, which he continued for over twenty-one years. He was a native of Devizes, Wiltshire, England, and came to Canada before the War of 1812-’14, in which he took a part. During the Rebellion of 1838 his son, Peter, now deceased, carried the mails at the time they were stolen by the Rebels. The sword is in the possession of the family which was carried by Mr. Brooks at the time. He was a man highly respected and very upright in all his dealings. He was a strong Conservative in politics.

TOWNSHIP OF VAUGHAN.

EORGE AGAR, lot 28, concession 10, was born in this township on lot 19, concession 10, in the year 1842. He is the eldest son of Mr. Richard Agar, who now resides at Weston. The latter emigrated from Yorkshire, England, about 1836, and settled on lot 33, concession 9, Vaughan Township, which he cleared. He took an active part in the church matters of the township, and was for many years a class leader. George Agar was married to Mary Ann Bingham in 1866. His wife is a daughter of Mr. Andrew Bingham, of Etobicoke. Their family consists of seven children. He belongs to the Methodist persuasion, and is a Reformer in politics.

James Adams, lot 26, concession 7, is a native of Ireland, having been born in County Tyrone in the year 1807. He emigrated to Canada in 1832, and immediately purchased the one hundred acres of land where he now lives. The country around him was then quite wild and he had very few neighbours. He was a member of the first Township Council. Mr. Adams was married in the year 1834 to Sarah Irwin, the issue of the union being seven children. He has one son, Mr. William Adams, in Toronto. He belongs to the Presbyterian Church, and his political views are in accordance with those of the Conservative Party.

William Basingtwait, lot 22, concession 2, was born in the County of Norfolk, England, in the year 1816. He came to Canada in company with his parents and the other members of the family in the year 1832. They came first to York County, but shortly afterwards moved into Ontario County, where the father purchased a farm in Reach Township, on which he lived until his death. In 1843 our subject settled in the Township of Vaughan on the farm still occupied by him, which, when he first located there, was complete bush; neither were there churches, schools or roads. Mr. Basingtwait, in addition to farming his land, is much interested in bee-culture, having no less than thirty-five hives, which are very productive and yield a profitable return. He was married in the year 1835 to Mrs. Margaret Atkinson; they have a family of six children living. He belongs to the Methodist Church, and is in political opinions a Reformer.

William Bolter, lot 29, concession 7, is a native of Suffolk, England. He was born in 1815, and emigrated to Canada in 1859 accompanied by his wife and two sons. He came direct to Toronto, where he remained two years, being at the end of that period employed by Mr. Philip Armstrong, on Yonge Street. He worked for that gentleman about nine years, and then rented a farm on concession 3 of York Township, which he only occupied about one year. He then rented the farm where he now resides. He was married about six years previously to his departure from England, his wife’s maiden name being Louisa King; they have a family of two sons and four daughters. He belongs to the Episcopal Church.

Anthony Bowes, lot 3, concession 2, was born in the Township of Vaughan, on the farm where he still lives. He is the youngest son of the late Anthony Bowes, and was born in the year 1835. Mr. Bowes, sen’r, emigrated from Yorkshire, England, accompanied by his wife and family, and settled upon the above-mentioned farm. He continued to cultivate his land for many years, and having had a moderate share of success he retired in favour of his son and went to live in Toronto. He remained there three or four years and then returned to Thornhill, where he died in the year 1870. Mr. Anthony Bowes married in 1857 Catharine Gillivray, of Scotch parentage, being a daughter of Mr. John Gillivray; they had a family of eleven children, all living but one. He is a member of the Methodist Church, and a Conservative in politics.

William Bowes, lot 7, concession 2, was born in England in the year 1818, and in company with his parents and other members of the family—three brothers and two sisters—came to Canada in 1831. They landed at Quebec, the journey from there to Montreal being made by steamboat. From the latter city to Brockville they journeyed by Durham boats, and the remainder of the trip to little York by schooner. His father was the late Anthony Bowes, mentioned in another sketch, he being the eldest son of the family. Mr. Bowes bears testimony to the extreme badness of the roads in the early days of the settlement, although he admits the existence of one of the prime elements of civilization, to wit, an old log school-house. During the Rebellion of 1837 he was a member of Captain Gapper’s troop, and served during that time. Mr. Bowes married in 1844 Ann Maxwell, by whom he had ten children, seven only of whom are living. He belongs to the Methodist Church, and in politics is a Reformer. The day the fight took place at Montgomery’s Tavern, Mr. Bowes was engaged at his father’s farm on lot 3, concession 2 of King, butchering hogs. While they were so employed six of the Rebels rode up on horseback and demanded that our subject and his companion should go with them and swell the force under Mackenzie’s command, but they refused to comply. The Rebels shortly afterwards went away, leaving word that they would return and should then expect their wishes to be respected. This threat was no vain one, at least so far as their return was concerned; but for making unwilling men go where they had no desire was another matter. They put up their horses, “blackmailed” for food and then commenced to threaten what would happen unless he went with them. Happily perhaps for all parties, before violence could be used, the Rebels, by some unexplained means, became aware of the defeat of Mackenzie on Yonge Street, and at once mounting their horses galloped away. The horses were afterwards found straying; they belonged to people around Eglington, and one, a very valuable mare, was owned by Sheriff Jarvis.

Joseph Brown, lot 3, concession 5, was born in Vaughan Township on lot 2, concession 5. His father was the late James Brown, mentioned elsewhere. Joseph was the fifth son in order in his father’s family. He has been twice married, first in the year 1844, to Catharine Burkholder, by whom he had a family of nine children, most of whom are dead. His second marriage took place in 1881 to Miss Troyer. He is an adherent of the Methodist Church, and is a Conservative in politics. His son Henry now occupies his farm, lot 3, concession 6, and is the only son living; two daughters are living, Susannah and Catharine, the latter being married to Jacob Quartz.

Richard Brown, lot 2, concession 5, was born on the lot where he now resides in the year 1822. His father, the late James Brown, was among the first batch of settlers in Vaughan, having emigrated some years before the War of 1812. He was a man much esteemed by his neighbours, and was ever ready to bring his experience to bear in assisting new settlers in their difficulties. He was a Mennonite in religion, but afterwards joined the Methodist Church. Richard married in the year 1843. His wife’s maiden name was Rebecca Burkholder, who was born in Vaughan Township, being a daughter of the late William Burkholder, who was a soldier during the War of 1812. They have a family of nine children living, and two dead. He is an adherent of the Methodist Church, and a Conservative in politics.

James Bryson, lot 30, concession 6, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in the year 1794. He learned the trade of a machinist in Glasgow, at which business he worked about eighteen years. In 1832 he emigrated to Canada, and shortly afterwards settled in Vaughan. He married in 1835 Jane McCallum, daughter of the late Donald McCallum, who had charge of the post-office in concession 6 of King Township. They had a family of one son and seven daughters; the daughters are all married and reside in different parts of the county, the son living with his father on the farm. His wife died October 31, 1882. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and has always been a Reformer in politics.

Joseph Burkholder, lot 3, concession 4, Edgeley Post-office, is the youngest son of the late William Burkholder. His father was a native of the State of Maryland, and was ten years of age when he came to Canada with his parents. During the War of 1812 he was captain of a company in the militia. He moved on to the farm now occupied by his son Joseph in the beginning of 1816, and continued there until his death in 1869. At the time of the Rebellion of 1837, Mr. Burkholder’s impulsive yet withal generous nature was somewhat imposed upon as the following incident will show. He became security for the appearance of a number of Rebels, but they, either through fear of the consequences, or from other motives, were not forthcoming when wanted, which had the effect of placing Mr. Burkholder in a somewhat difficult position. He, however, came through his trouble all right, the authorities possibly concluding that no blame could be attached to him. Joseph Burkholder was born on the old homestead. He was married in 1852 to Miss Hannah Koake, daughter of Adam Koake, late of Etobicoke Township. They have a family of nine children living, two being dead. Mr. Burkholder is a Presbyterian, but his family attend the Methodist Church. He is a Conservative in politics. The farm which he owns was originally purchased from the Clergy Reserve.

Robert Burton, lot 13, concession 9, was born in the year 1852 on the lot which he now owns and cultivates. He is the youngest son of the late Henry Burton, who was one of the earliest settlers in this part of Vaughan, and was a man well known in the neighbourhood. Mr. Burton, sen’r, was originally from Scotland, and on emigrating to Canada settled first in little York, removing to Vaughan in the year 1834, where he resided until his death in 1881, at the age of seventy-five years. Robert Burton married in 1860 Margaret Lawrence, daughter of Mr. Isaac Lawrence, of Toronto Gore, by whom he has three children. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

William Burton, lot 2, concession 9, was born in Toronto Township in the year 1828, being the eldest son of the late Robert Burton, who was well known and respected in Vaughan and the surrounding townships. The latter emigrated from Roxburghshire, Scotland, in the year 1824. He was a stone-mason by trade, and on settling in Toronto assisted in building the old Upper Canada Bank, as well as some other notable erections. He married Violet Oliver (who is still living) and settled in Vaughan in 1830. In 1852 he purchased land in Albion and King Townships, and lived on his farm in the last named section until his death in 1870, at the age of seventy years. William having been brought up to farming has always followed that occupation. He belongs to the Presbyterian Church, and is a Reformer in politics. He is not married.

William Burton, lot 4, concession 9, was born in little York, now Toronto, in the year 1830, and is the eldest son of his father’s family. The latter was Mr. Henry Burton, who emigrated from Roxburghshire, Scotland, in 1830; he was a stone-mason by trade, which he followed for two years after his arrival. He helped to build the first Market-place, and Osgoode Hall in Toronto. In 1832 he located on lot 13, concession 9, and settled down to farming, which he continued until his death in 1881, at the ripe age of seventy-seven years. He was a Trustee of the Presbyterian Church, and joined the first congregation formed in the locality. Mr. William Burton espoused in 1860, Jane, a daughter of Neil McDonald, by whom he has four children. He is a member of the Presbyterian body, and in politics a Reformer.

Archibald Cameron, lot 17, concession 6, was born in Caledon Township, Peel County, in the year 1826, and is the eldest son of the late Donald Cameron. His father was a native of Argyleshire, Scotland, whose early years were spent in tending cattle on the mountain pastures of his native county. He emigrated to Canada in 1819, but previous to his departure married Elizabeth Armour, who accompanied him, and heroically endured the severe hardships which they afterwards encountered. They landed after their voyage in Montreal on August 21, and immediately commenced the long and tedious journey to Peel County, where they proposed to settle. After several delays which occurred at different points on the route, and the additional misery of having sickness on board the boat, they arrived at their destination about the latter end of October, and it appeared as though they had not reached the final stage of despondency. They received their grant of sixty acres in the Township of Caledon; but were compelled owing to the sparsity of settlement to sleep out in the woods for several nights without shelter, not being able to build a shanty for want of the necessary assistance. Mr. Cameron contrived however by perseverance, and the consolation which his deep religious convictions afforded him, to overcome innumerable obstacles and to emerge from his state of wretchedness to one of comparative comfort. He remained in Caledon Township about seven years, and then removed to Vaughan, where he lived until the time of his death. During his lifetime he took great interest in municipal affairs, and was in the Township Council for some years. He was an Elder of the Presbyterian Church. Archibald Cameron took charge of the homestead at his father’s death, which he has since continued to cultivate. He married in 1851 Catharine McMurchell, by whom he has a family of eight children. He is an Elder of the Presbyterian Church, and a Conservative in politics.

Lacklen Cameron, lot 12, concession 10, was born in the Island of Mull, Argyleshire, Scotland, in 1830. In company with his parents he emigrated to Canada in 1856, who settled in the Township of Saugeen, Bruce County, where they remained about one year, subsequently removing to the Township of Bruce, where they secured one hundred acres of land, which the subject of this sketch still owns. He rented a farm in Vaughan Township, on which he lived about seven years, and at the expiration of that time purchased the farm where he now resides. He is also the owner of an additional fifty acres in another part of the township. He married Margaret, a daughter of the late Archibald Sommerville, of this township; they have a family of seven children. Mr. Cameron is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and a Reformer in politics.

John Chapman, lot 37, concession 1, is the descendant of a U. E. Loyalist family who emigrated from the State of New York at an early day. Our subject was born in 1804, and came with his mother and stepfather to Canada; the latter drew land from Government, the same now occupied by Isaac and James Chapman. The first settlement was made on the farm now owned by Mr. Arnold, which was the first farm cleared on Yonge Street. Mr. Chapman was married in 1826 to Hannah Pearson, of English parentage, by whom he had twelve children. The family generally belong to the Presbyterian Church, but some of the sons are Methodists. Mr. Chapman takes an active part in politics, and votes for measures rather than party. As U. E. Loyalists the family retain the patriotic spirit which animated their forefathers, and the evidence they have shown of their firm adherence to the Crown is to them a source of considerable pride.

James Cherry, lot 32, concession 9, was born in Vaughan Township, on the lot where he now lives, in 1838. He is the only son of the late John Cherry, one of the earliest settlers in this part of Vaughan, who emigrated from County Down, Ireland, and settled in this township about the year 1834. James married Elizabeth, daughter of the late Samuel Sheardon, of this township, by whom he has five children, all girls. The family are adherents of the Lutheran Church, and in politics Mr. Cherry votes Conservative. He takes considerable interest in stock-raising, and last year imported two of the Clydesdale breed of horses, and in other matters shows his enterprise and judgment.

William Constable, lot 16, concession 6, was born in Yorkshire, England, in the year 1815. He emigrated to Canada in company with his step-father, William Jarolt, in the year 1830. He remained in the lumbering districts of Quebec Province about six years and then moved west to York County and settled in the Township of Vaughan. He rented a farm on lot 21, concession 6, where he stayed five years, after which he bought his present farm. He lived on lot 20, concession 5, about four years, and returned to lot 16, concession 6, on which he had erected buildings and where he yet resides. He married in 1830 Mary Jackson, daughter of the late George Jackson, of York Township; they have a family of two children living. He is an adherent of the Lutheran Church, and a Reformer in politics.

G. J. Cook, lot 28, concession 3, was born at Caarville, Vaughan Township, June 7, 1852. He is the youngest son of the late Thomas Cook, a very early settler in this section. His father located on lot 16, concession 2, which he farmed, and in addition carried on a large business as merchant miller. He gave up business here and went to New Zealand, with the intention of permanently settling there; but not liking the country, he returned to Canada, and again fixing his residence in Vaughan, died there in the year 1877, leaving his property to his sons. Two of the sons reside at Caarville. J. G. Cook was married in the year 1876 to Jane Denton, daughter of William Denton, now living in Mono Township, County Dufferin, formerly of Vaughan. They have a family of two sons. He belongs to the Methodist Church, and in politics supports the Reform Party.

Thomas Cook, lot 16, concession 2, is the son of the late Thomas Cook, of English birth, who emigrated to America in the year 1830. Mr. Cook, sen’r, first settled in the United States, and coming afterwards to Canada he settled in the Township of Vaughan, where he located on a portion of what was known as the old “Fisher Estate.” He purchased six hundred acres, which he divided with his brother William, and where, in connection with farming they operated a grist-mill which was already on the land, being the first mill erected in the township. They did a very large business, having the monopoly of the trade in the section. Mr. Cook took considerable interest in the affairs of the township and was for a number of years a member of the Council. He was a Justice of the Peace for some time previous to his death, in which position he discharged his duties with much discrimination and judgment. In church matters he was ever to the fore, and the Methodist body, of which he was an earnest member, in many instances received substantial proof of his devotion to the cause of the Gospel. He died in the year 1877 on the old homestead, after a long and successful career, and a life of usefulness to the public weal. Thomas, who now resides on the home farm where he was born, is the second son of his father’s family. He married in the year 1879 Elizabeth Ann Bell, a Canadian by birth, by whom he has two children. He is a consistent member of the Methodist Church, and in political opinions gives his support to the Reform Party.

William Cook, lot 16, concession 2, was born on lot 17, adjoining the farm upon which he now resides, and is the eldest of the three sons of the late Thomas Cook mentioned in a previous biography. William married in 1872 Mercie Ellerby, daughter of Mr. Joseph Ellerby, of Markham Township. The family are adherents of the Methodist Church. Mr. Cook has been a member of the Vaughan Township Council for four years, and is now Deputy-Reeve. In political matters he is a Reformer.

George Cooper, lot 25, concession 8, was born in Lincolnshire, England, in the year 1843, and emigrated with his parents to Canada in 1854. His father, the late John Cooper, settled on his arrival in concession 2 of Markham Township, where he remained about one year. He subsequently removed to Thornhill, where he died, after a residence of eight months. His wife, the mother of our subject, lived in Thornhill about twenty years after the death of her husband, and is still living in Vaughan with her son, being now about eighty years old. Mr. George Cooper was married in 1868, the maiden name of his wife being Fanny Wells; they have seven children. He has taken little or no active part in local affairs. He belongs to the Episcopal Church, and is a Conservative in politics.

John Cowan, blacksmith, Purpleville, was born in the Township of Vaughan, in 1862. He is the second son of Mr. John Cowan who laid out the Village of Purpleville, and for a number of years carried on a blacksmith’s business there, having since removed to the United States. Our subject has lived the greater portion of his life across the border. He learned his trade at Teston with Mr. Richard Lund, and has since commenced business at Purpleville, which, there is good reason for believing, is a successful one.

John Craddock was born in the Township of Vaughan, within a short distance of his present residence. His father was a native of Yorkshire, England, his mother was from Lincolnshire, England. His parents came to Canada in 1831, and located on lot 29, concession 4, where he conducted a lumbering business in addition to farming for a number of years. They were among the early settlers of Vaughan, and the old people are still alive and reside in the town of Barrie. Mr. Craddock, jun’r, was married in the year 1861, his wife’s maiden name being Elizabeth Nixon, daughter of Mr. William Nixon, of concession 4 of Vaughan. The family are adherents of the Methodist Church, and are all Reformers in politics.

Robert Creighton, lot 10, concession 10, was born near Glasgow, Scotland, in the year 1813, and emigrated to Canada in 1828 in company with his father, his mother being dead. They came via New York, where they remained a few months, and subsequently made their way to Little York. They settled down in Toronto where they lived eleven years, and then moved up Yonge Street, and located for over nine years on the spot where Davisville now stands. In the year 1841, Mr. Creighton, sen’r, purchased the farm now in the possession of his son Robert, where he resided until his death, which took place in 1883, at the age of seventy-seven years. Robert was married in the year 1846 to Jane Stewart, she being a daughter of the late Henry Stewart, of Toronto. They have one son. In politics Mr. Creighton is a Reformer.

Robert Croft, lot 28, concession 8, is a native of Lincolnshire, England. He was born in 1810, and in 1831 emigrated to Canada accompanied by his wife and one child. He came direct to York County, and settled at Thornhill, where he worked for three or four years. He then removed to Vaughan Township, where he spent three years, and subsequently lived nine years in Markham. At the end of that time he purchased a farm in the latter township, on lot 4, concession 4, where he resided about twelve years. He ultimately bought the property in Vaughan where he now lives. He has been twice married; by his first wife he had eleven children. He is a member of the Methodist Church, and a Conservative in politics.

James Dalziel is the son of the late John Dalziel, who emigrated from Lanarkshire, Scotland, with his family in 1828, and immediately on his arrival in York, settled in the Township of Vaughan, on lot 1, concession 5, where he lived until his death in 1842. James was born in Scotland in 1816, and on the death of his father occupied the old homestead. He has benefited the Township of Vaughan considerably by the introduction of a fine stock of Durham and Shorthorn cattle, and has also infused much spirit into the working and aims of the Agricultural Society. He has taken a number of prizes for ploughing, and may be classed as the best ploughman in the section. He has a brother also who is a first-class ploughman. The farm he lives on was originally owned by the late John Smith, who afterwards built mills at Pine Grove. Mr. Dalziel rents his farm and only retains a few acres, living now in retirement. He married in 1872, his wife’s maiden name being Janet McLean, a native of Scotland, by whom he had four children, two boys and two girls. He is a Presbyterian in religion, and a Reformer in politics.

James Devins, lot 18, concession 10, was born in concession 6 of York Township in the year 1804. He is descended from a family who originally emigrated to Canada from Pennsylvania, U. S., his father, the late Isaac Devins, landing at the mouth of the River Don with Governor Simcoe, whose tent he assisted to put up. Mr. Isaac Devins located in the Township of Markham, but not being satisfied he came to concession 6 of York Township, where he subsequently died, being over eighty years of age. In the early days the settlers had to go to the head of the lake in scows to have their grist ground. The first saw-mill built on the Humber was erected by an uncle of our subject, and was put up by order of the Government. James Devins moved from York into Vaughan Township at an early period of settlement, there being at that time less than half-a-dozen dwelling-houses between Toronto and Vaughan. Our subject married in 1830, his wife’s maiden name being Eleanor Christner: their family consisted of nine children. In politics Mr. Devins has taken a somewhat active part, and at election times has given great assistance to the Reform party. He belongs to the Methodist persuasion.

George Elliott, lot 11, concession 8, was born on the farm where he now resides. He is the eldest son of the late John Elliott, an old settler in Vaughan, who emigrated from Northumberland, England, at an early day. Mr. Elliott, sen’r, remained two years in Montreal, and subsequently spent a similar period in Toronto. In 1834 he purchased a farm in Vaughan, where he continued to live till his death in 1869, at the age of sixty-nine years. He belonged to the Congregational Church, and was a Reformer in politics. George Elliott married, in 1860, Elizabeth, daughter of the late George Gowland, of this township: they have a family of seven children. In religion and politics he follows in the footsteps of his father.

Richard Egan, lot 33, concession 8, was born in the County Monaghan, Ireland, in the year 1831, being the youngest son of the late Johnston Egan. His father emigrated to Canada, accompanied by his children (the mother being dead), in the year 1831, and settled in Vaughan as soon as possible after his arrival in York. He purchased land from the Canada Company, lot 31, concession 7, which he occupied for three years, at the expiration of which time he sold out and bought the farm where his son, the subject of this sketch, lives. He died in the year 1858, being about fifty-five years of age. Richard took possession of the old homestead, which he has continued to cultivate, and where he has brought up his family. He was married to Jane, a daughter of the late Joseph Hempsall, of this township: they have nine children living. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and is a Conservative in politics.

John H. Ellis, lot 32, concession 8, was born in the County of Nottinghamshire, England, in the year 1830. He came out to this country with his parents when an infant. His father located on the farm now occupied by his son, which he cleared and otherwise improved. He lived to the ripe old age of eighty-one years, his death taking place in the year 1882. John H. Ellis was married in 1863, his wife being Sophia Josephine, daughter of the late Abraham Crossen: they have a family of four children. He belongs to the Lutheran Church, and is a Conservative in politics.

William W. Farr, lot 5, concession 9, was born in the Township of Chinguacousy, County Peel, in the year 1830. His father, the late James Farr, emigrated from the neighbourhood of Weston, Herts., England, at an early day, and settled first in Weston, where he stayed until 1829. He it was who gave to the Village of Weston its title, in commemoration of his English home. On leaving Weston he went to Peel County, and at the expiration of twelve months moved into Vaughan Township, on the same farm where William, his son, now lives. He resided there until his death, which took place in 1841, at the age of fifty-three years: his widow is still living, being eighty-one years old. Mr. Farr, sen’r, held a Captain’s commission in the militia. W. W. Farr has been twice married: first in 1850 to Eliza Fletcher, by whom he had one child. His second union was with a daughter of the late John Williams, an old settler who lived to be ninety years of age. He has four children by his present wife. Mr. Farr has been a member of the Woodbridge Village Council for three years, a position he still holds. He belongs to the Methodist Church, and is a Conservative in politics.

Edward Fletcher, lot 9, concession 8, was born on the lot on which he now resides. His father, the late Walter Fletcher, was an early settler in the township, having located here in 1826. He was a native of County Leitrim, Ireland, and after settling on his farm in Vaughan remained there until his death in 1869, at the age of seventy-nine years. Edward was born in 1837, and is the youngest son of his father’s family, which consisted of three sons and two daughters. Mr. Fletcher is unmarried. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics is a Conservative.

Joseph Graham, lot 18, concession 2, is a native of Vaughan Township, and was born on concession 2, in 1840, being the second son of the late William Graham, an old settler in this section. He (Mr. Graham, sen’r) was a cooper by trade, and followed that business for many years at York Mills, and subsequently in Vaughan, and was widely known throughout the district as a hard-working, industrious man. The members of his family are located within a few miles radius, and are all farmers. Joseph Graham was married in the year 1877 to Louisa Frank, by whom he has a family of two, both boys. He belongs to the Methodist denomination, and votes for the Reform Party at elections.

Michael Harvey, lot 26, concession 6, is a native of County Tyrone, where he was born in 1829. His father being dead, he, accompanied by his mother and other members of the family, came to Canada in 1850. They came direct to Vaughan, and settled on the adjoining lot on which he now lives. He moved on to the present lot in 1862, which he continues to cultivate.

William Hemphill, lot 33, concession 9, was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, in the year 1831. He emigrated to Canada, in company with his parents, in 1841. They came direct to York County, and almost immediately took up their abode in Vaughan Township, on the same farm now occupied by William. He is the second son in his father’s family: his paternal parent, Joseph Hemphill, died in Vaughan, in 1878, at the ripe old age of eighty-four years. Mr. William Hemphill, since the family first located there, has always lived on the homestead, which was at first all bush. He was married in the year 1865 to Jane Hamilton, sister of Mr. Gavin Hamilton, of this township, by whom he has eight children. He belongs to the Presbyterian Church, and is a Conservative in politics.

Gideon Hislop, lot 50, concession 1, is the grandson of a Scotch farmer, who emigrated from Perthshire, Scotland, at an early day, and located on the lot now owned by the subject of this notice. Mr. Hislop was born on the family homestead, and is the fourth son in his father’s (the late Gideon Hislop) family. The latter in his day contributed a great deal to the township improvements, and in other ways, such as introducing some very fine Clyde draught horses, for a better class of stock. Mr. Hislop is not married, but his mother and sister reside on the farm with him. He is a Reformer in politics, and the family are members of the Presbyterian Church.

John Hugill, lot 32, concession 7, was born in the City of Toronto, in the year 1833. His grandfather, John Hugill, was an early settler in York, and formerly conducted a brewery in Toronto. His father, also named John, died when our subject was but four years old. John Hugill has travelled around a good deal in his lifetime, but he has lived about thirty-five years in Vaughan off and on. He is interested in the breeding of horses, and has now a fine imported Clyde colt with an excellent pedigree. Mr. Hugill married in 1855 Susan Cloney, daughter of John Cloney, of Etobicoke Township, by whom he has a family of ten children. He attends the English church, and votes for Conservative measures.

Robert Irwin, lot 28, concession 6, was born in the County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1811, and emigrated to Canada in 1832. He first settled in concession 7 of Vaughan, after coming direct to York County, where he remained about five years. He then sold that farm and located at Hogg’s Hollow for two years, after which he bought the farm where he now resides. The only office he has held since his residence here is that of Returning Officer, which he filled for one year. His connection with the Presbyterian Church has been marked by the earnest attention he has given to all matters relative to its welfare, he having been an elder for several years. Mr. Irwin was married in the year 1858 to Eleanor Wallace. He is a Conservative in politics.

David Jeffrey, an old settler in this township, whose long public connection with the municipality entitles him to receive at our hands more consideration than the space allotted to us usually affords, was born in the parish of Whitsome, Berwickshire, Scotland, in the year 1799. He was put to the plough at an early age, and before he had arrived at manhood had acquired a practical knowledge of all matters relating to agriculture. He was employed on the estate of Sir John Hay to carry out a series of important improvements, in which situation he remained until 1833, when the family decided upon emigration. He had, some little time before, married a half-cousin, Jane Mitchell, and the family, consisting of father, mother, two brothers, and three sisters, besides himself and wife, took passage for Quebec, and, having friends in York County, they proposed proceeding thither to settle. The voyage across the Atlantic occupied fourteen weeks, and the journey from Quebec to Little York was made by Durham boats. It was an August Sabbath afternoon when “Muddy Little York” (then on the point of being re-christened) was reached, where they stayed a few days before resuming the journey to Richmond Hill. After arriving at their destination, the first business was to gain possession of some land, which they eventually did, being lot 34, concession 8 of the Township of Vaughan, for which they paid £400 sterling—£200 down. As was usual in such cases, they had to put up with considerable inconvenience and hardship during the first few years of settlement, the township then being far from completely settled. Mr. Jeffrey early became associated with the local governing body, and was elected one of the commissioners appointed to conduct the expenditure allowed by Government for public improvements in the municipality. He also assumed the office of Township Clerk, which he managed with ability for seven years. Mr. Jeffrey is a politician of strong Reform proclivities; and, having personally suffered under the system originated by “The Family Compact,” has ever since endeavoured to promote the return of Reform candidates. Having lived through the dangerous period of the Rebellion, he was well acquainted with its causes and effects, and has never wavered in his allegiance to the party who fought for and obtained Responsible Government for the people of Canada. Mr. Jeffrey is still hale and hearty, and his declining years are made happy by his children and grandchildren, to whom he often recounts the story of the stirring times gone by.

John Jeffrey, lot 15, concession 9, was born on the lot which he now occupies in 1849. His father, the late Richard Jeffrey, emigrated at an early day from the County of Kent, England, and, on his arrival in York, settled in concession 8. He afterwards worked on the farm now occupied by his son John, where he resided until his death in 1872, at the age of fifty-four years. His wife is still living on the homestead. John Jeffrey is the only son living of their family. Being of a retiring disposition, he has taken no part in municipal affairs, but attends strictly to his own immediate concerns. He attends the Presbyterian Church, and is a Reformer in politics. He has five sisters, two of whom are married, one to Mr. Gavin Hamilton, and the other to Mr. Thomas Richardson. Mr. Jeffrey, in addition to the management of his own farm, practises as Veterinary Surgeon, having received his diploma from the Ontario Veterinary College in 1874.

John Johnson, lot 2, concession 8, was born in the year 1840, on the lot where he still lives. He is the eldest son of the late Robert Johnson, who emigrated from Dumfries, Scotland, in the year 1832, and, after remaining two years in the Ottawa district, located in Vaughan Township, York County, where he brought up his family.

David Johnston, lots 3 and 4, concession 8, was born in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, in the year 1811, and emigrated to Canada in 1831. He settled first in the vicinity of Ottawa, and at the end of two years moved west, and settled in Vaughan Township, on his present farm. At the time he first located here the country around was very wild, although the land was mostly taken up. In 1849 Mr. Johnston married Catharine Dalziel, daughter of John Dalziel, of this township. They had a family of five children, two of whom are now dead. He is a Presbyterian in religion, and a Liberal in politics.

Peter Keffer, lot 12, concession 3, was born in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, December 30, 1879. His father, Jacob Keffer, was a native of Germany. The family came to Canada in 1806, and settled on the lot now occupied by the subject of this sketch, where the father lived until his death. Mr. Keffer was married in 1823 to Miss Fisher, by whom he had nine children. They are adherents of the Lutheran Church, and Mr. Keffer, like his father, is a Reformer in politics. He has one son living on the homestead with him, who is married and has one child.

William Keffer, lot 9, concession 3, was born on the farm where he now resides, in the year 1812. He is the youngest son living of the late Michael Keffer, who settled in Vaughan as early as 1806, where he lived until his death in 1852. His family consisted of six sons and three daughters, some members of the family dying very young. Although brought up to the Lutheran faith, he afterwards joined the Church of England, and entered with spirit into all matters undertaken for its future benefit. He gave the land for the first church built, which is still standing, and where services are yet conducted: it is a log building. William Keffer married in 1831 Susanna Burkholder, a daughter of Oldrick Burkholder, of this township: they have six daughters and two sons living. Mr. Keffer has taken an interest in municipal affairs. He is an adherent of the English Church, and a Conservative in politics.

Robert Kerr, lot 23, concession 7, was born in 1812 in the Island of Guernsey, one of the Channel Islands group. His father was a soldier in the British army, and served during the Peninsular War. Robert emigrated to Canada in the year 1844, accompanied by his wife and two children. He remained a few months in Toronto, and then moved into York Township. In the year 1846 he accepted a situation as school teacher in concessions 2 and 3, York, where he taught for one year, afterwards removing to Vaughan Township, and was there occupied in teaching for a number of years. In the year 1860 he settled on the farm where he now lives. He is an adherent of the Presbyterian Church, and a Reformer in politics.

Thomas Kersey, lot 22, concession 10, is the eldest son of the late William Kersey, and was born in 1836, on the farm where he now resides. His father came from Westmoreland, England, and on his arrival in York remained two years in Toronto Gore, and subsequently settled on the farm in Vaughan. He was a man highly respected throughout the township, and held several important offices in connection with the municipal government. He was a member of the Township Council, and received the appointment of first License Inspector of the section. His death occurred in 1876, he being seventy-five years old. Thomas Kersey has continued to reside at the old homestead. He has two brothers, one of whom lives with him on the farm. His mother is also living and in good health, being now seventy-five years of age. He attends the Episcopal Church, and is a Conservative in politics.

Robert King, lot 13, concession 9, is of Scotch parentage, and was born on the farm where he now resides. His father, the late Robert King, an early settler in this part of the township, emigrated from Ayrshire, Scotland, and, previous to his location in this section, remained some time in Kingston and Toronto, where he worked at his trade of stone-cutter. About 1830 he came to Vaughan, and commenced farming, and continued to follow that industry until his death in 1872. Robert’s birth took place in 1836, he being the youngest son of the family, and he has always followed farming. He was married in 1859 to a daughter of Mr. James Devins, by whom he has a family of seven children. He is an adherent of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics is a Reformer.

Nathaniel Kirby, lot 38, concession 1, was born in Yorkshire, England, in the year 1806, and emigrated to Canada in 1831. He came direct to York County and located in Vaughan Township, where he had a brother already settled. For some years he worked among the farmers of the district, and in 1836 rented a farm in Markham Township. At the expiration of five years he went to live at Weston, and conducted a hotel in connection with a farm for about eighteen months. He then moved to concession 2 of Vaughan, to a farm formerly occupied by Mr. William Cook, where he stayed twenty-five years. In 1860 he moved on to the farm where he now resides. He married in 1836 Harriett Mason, also from Yorkshire, by whom he had five children. He is a Conservative in politics, and a member of the Church of England. When he first settled in Vaughan there were a church and a log school-house in Thornhill.

James Kurtz, lot 28, concession 9, is the youngest son of the late John Kurtz, and was born on concession 2 of Vaughan, in the year 1842. He has resided on his present farm since the death of his father in 1879. He belongs to the Methodist Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

John C. Kurtz, lot 27, concession 10, was born near Richmond Hill, in the year 1830. His father, the late John Kurtz, came from Pennsylvania when quite a child, and settled with his parents in Vaughan. In the year 1849 he moved to concession 9, where he lived until his death in 1880, at the age of seventy-two years. John C. married in 1871, his wife being Sarah Calham, daughter of Mr. James Calham, of Toronto Township, by whom he has a family of six children. Mr. Kurtz has taken great interest in municipal matters, and his opinion is often sought in connection with township affairs. He is also an enthusiastic politician, and works hard for the Reform Party. The temperance cause has in him an ardent supporter, and he looks hopefully forward to the time when the Scott Act shall be carried in his native county.

Jacob Lahmer, lots 16 and 17, concession 5, was born in the year 1828. He is the only son of the late Jacob Lahmer, a native of Pennsylvania, who emigrated to Canada in the year 1823, and shortly afterwards settled in Vaughan. His mother’s maiden name was Susan Mussulman, who carried on the management of the farm after her husband’s death, her own taking place in 1879. The old homestead was Jacob’s birthplace, where he has always lived. He has taken great interest in municipal and agricultural matters, having been a member of the Township Council for two years, and a Director of the Agricultural Society since its inauguration. He has assisted materially in the development of well-bred stock in the section, and has taken several prizes at the neighbouring fairs for Durham cattle. Mr. Lahmer was married in the year 1850 to Barbara Snider, daughter of the late Mr. John Snider, of Vaughan.

John Lahmer, lot 15, concession 3, was born in the Township of Vaughan, in the year 1854, being the eldest son of Jacob Lahmer, whose sketch precedes this. He was married in 1881 to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Mulholland, a prominent pioneer of York Township. Mr. Lahmer gives great attention to all matters concerning agriculture. He was the leading institutor of the Vaughan Ploughmen’s Association, which has won such celebrity of late years. At the inaugural match in 1879, he and three of his brothers won one watch, two silver cups and two ploughs as premiums. Although the object of this sketch was not so successful as some ploughmen, he has tried his skill against the best men in the county. Mr. Lahmer has also taken an active part in politics, and is prominent among the workers of the Reform Party of West York. He is Vice-President of the Riding Association, and has been Secretary of the Township Association for years.

Joseph Lankin, lot 8, concession 6, was born in the Township of Vaughan (where the Village of Maple now stands) in the year 1830. He is the third son of the late Rickard Lankin, an early settler, who located on lot 19, concession 4, when nothing but bush was to be seen around. Mr. Lankin, sen’r, afterwards moved back to lot 3, concession 1, where he lived about eight years. He subsequently went to Pickering Township, and after spending a number of years there took up his residence in Hamilton, where he died. Joseph, the subject of this notice, was married to Elizabeth Hodges in 1845. She was a daughter of Jonathan Hodges who emigrated from Ireland in the early times of settlement. Mr. Hodges, at the commencement of his career in the township, taught school, which he continued for four years, and then bought a farm in Tecumseth Township, on which he lived until his death. Mr. Lankin by his marriage has a family of six sons and two daughters living. He is a member of the Methodist Church, and a Conservative in politics. When he first settled on his present lot it was a swamp, and there was no church nearer than Woodbridge.

John Lawrie is a native of Lanarkshire, Scotland, having been born within a short distance of the City of Glasgow in the year 1802. He was early initiated in the weaving business, but did not follow it, afterwards working with his father on the farm. He married Isabella Reid in 1830, and emigrated to Canada in the same year. He settled first in York Township, where he lived nearly five years. He then removed to Scarboro’, where he lived six years, and from there he moved to his present residence, lot 12, concession 9, Vaughan. At the time of his settlement in Vaughan roads were conspicuous by their absence, and schools, churches, and institutions of that kind were dreams of the future; religious services were then conducted in barns, and oftentimes in the kitchen of Mr. Sommerville. Mr. Lawrie was a member of the first Council of Vaughan, and in other affairs took an active part. He entered with spirit into the building of Knox Church in the township, and has always been a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church. The family consists of five daughters and one son. He is a Conservative in politics. Gavin Lawrie, son of the above, was born in Scarboro’ Township in 1836. He married in 1859 Eliza Jane Bennett, by whom he has a family of five children. In religion and politics he follows his father.

John Line, lot 18, concession 4, is a born resident of Vaughan Township, having been born on the lot where he still continues to reside. He is the only son of the late Henry Line, a Canadian by birth, and one of the oldest settlers in Vaughan, the family having originally emigrated from Pennsylvania. Mr. Line, sen’r, always lived on and industriously cultivated the home farm, where he died in 1870 at the age of sixty-four years; his wife is still living in Maple Grove. Mr. John Line was married in 1858 to Martha Bennett, a daughter of the late Jacob Bennett; they have seven children living. He is a member of the Baptist Church, and a Conservative in political opinion.

Samuel Line was born on lot 15, concession 4, Vaughan Township, in the year 1814, being the third son of the late John Line, mentioned elsewhere. He was married in 1841 to Rebecca Murray, daughter of the late Christopher Murray, an old settler in this township; they had three children, only one of whom is now living. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, and belongs to the Reform Party.

William Line, lot 16, concession 4, was born in Vaughan Township, on lot 15, concession 4, in the year 1816, and is the youngest son of the late John Line. His father emigrated from Pennsylvania at an early day, and on his arrival in York immediately settled in Vaughan on the same farm now owned by our subject, which at that period was all bush. He continued to live on the farm until his death, which event occurred about the year 1840. William Line was married in 1839; his wife’s maiden name was Susan Snider, she being a daughter of the late Jacob Snider; the issue of this union is five children. They are adherents of the Methodist Church, and Mr. Line’s political sympathies are with the Reform Party.

Samuel McClure, lot 13, concession 8, is a native of Vaughan Township, and was born in the year 1853, being the youngest in a family of ten children, born to Andrew McClure, mentioned in another sketch. Mr. McClure married in the year 1877 Nancy Cameron, the eldest daughter of Mr. Archibald Cameron, of Vaughan Township, by whom he has a family of five children. He belongs to the Presbyterian Church, and is in politics a Conservative.

William McClure, lot 14, concession 8, is the son of the late Andrew McClure, one of the very first settlers in this section of the township. The latter emigrated from County Armagh, Ireland, in 1833, and assisted in the erection of a considerable number of grist and saw-mills on the Humber. He settled on the lot now occupied by the subject of this sketch, where he remained until his death, which occurred in 1876, at the age of sixty-seven years; his widow is still living, and resides with William on the homestead. William was born in 1857, and in 1875 married Ellen Nesbitt, daughter of the late John Nesbitt, of Toronto Township, by whom he has three children living. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and takes great interest in all matters concerning that body, especially the Sabbath school, in which he is a teacher. He votes on the Conservative side.

Donald McDonald, lot 24, concession 6, is the grandson of one John McDonald, who was born in the Highlands of Scotland. His grandfather was a soldier and held the rank of Sergeant in the British Army, and came to America in that capacity. He served through the Revolutionary War, and lived in New York State six or seven years, during which period John Macdonald, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born. The family came to York County, and settled on Yonge Street, north of Toronto, where they remained two years, subsequently removing to Vaughan Township on lot 19, concession 3, where our subject’s grand-parents died. His father resided at home until he was twenty-one years of age, and then took possession of lot 19, concession 6, which he successfully cultivated until his death. Donald was one of a family of five children, and was born in the year 1835. He was married in the year 1875, his wife’s maiden name being Flora McDonald; the issue of their union is four children. Mr. McDonald has devoted much attention to church matters, and is Treasurer and Trustee of the Presbyterian Church. He is a Reformer in politics.

James McDonald, lot 19, concession 3, was born in the year 1836 on the same farm where he now resides, being the youngest son of the late Archibald McDonald. His father came to Canada when quite young, in company with his parents; they were from the United States, and were of Scotch extraction. James has always lived on the old homestead in Vaughan, and married in 1863 Barbara Watson, by whom he had three children. She died however, and his second union was with Elizabeth, daughter of the late Henry White, by whom he had three children, two of whom are dead. The family are adherents of the Methodist Church, and Mr. McDonald is a Reformer in politics.

John McGillivray, lot 31, concession 7, was born in Vaughan Township on the lot where he now resides, which is the same farm located on by his father, Neil McGillivray, when he emigrated from Argyleshire, Scotland, in the early days of settlement. Mr. McGillivray was married in the year 1864, his wife being Nancy McGillivray; their family consists of two sons and three daughters. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics is a Reformer.

Lachlin McGillivray, lot 30, concession 7, is a native of the Island of Mull, Scotland, where he was born in 1807, being the youngest son of the late John McGillivray, mentioned elsewhere. Mr. McGillivray is the second owner from the Crown of the farm he now resides upon; his father lived on the farm with him until his death. He was married before leaving Scotland to Flora McKinnon, by whom he has seven children living, viz.: Donald, Mary, Sarah, Margaret, Hugh, Ann, Janet; John died when three years of age. He belongs to the Presbyterian body, and is a Reformer in politics.

Neil McGillivray, lot 19, concession 9, is a native of Vaughan Township. He is the eldest son of the late Neil McGillivray, an early settler, who emigrated from the Island of Mull, Scotland, accompanied by his mother and the rest of the family. They came direct to York and located for a few years on concession 3, and in 1836 moved to the farm, lot 20, concession 9, Vaughan Township, where the subject of this sketch was born. Mr. McGillivray died March 30, 1884, at the advanced age of eighty-two years. Neil McGillivray is an adherent of the Presbyterian Church, and a Reformer in politics.

Charles E. McKinnon, pump manufacturer, late of Richmond Hill, is the son of Angus McKinnon, of Markham Township. He was born in Markham, and remained at home until his marriage in 1871 with Sarah M., daughter of John Perkins, of Victoria Square, when he removed to Richmond Hill and engaged in his present business, which includes the manufacture of all kinds of first-class pumps and windmills. He also deals extensively in hydraulic rams and similar appliances. He has lately removed to Kleinburg, where a full line of all goods sold by him is kept in stock.

Duncan McKinnon, lot 18, concession 8, was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, in 1833. He came to Canada with his parents and family in 1834. The family first settled in Vaughan and afterwards removed to Markham, where they lived about five years. They then returned to Vaughan and took possession of the lot now occupied by Duncan, where the father died. Mr. McKinnon was twice married, both his wives being dead. He is a Presbyterian in religion, and in politics a Conservative.

John McKinnon, lot 18, concession 5, was born in Trafalgar Township, Halton County, in the year 1824, being the eldest son of Donald McKinnon, who emigrated from the Isle of Mull, Scotland, in the year 1820. On arriving in Canada his father stayed some time at Little York, and subsequently moved into the Township of Markham and settled on lot 9, concession 6 (one hundred and fifty acres), which is still farmed by a brother of our subject. Mr. McKinnon, sen’r, remained in Markham about two years and then settled in Halton County, where he married and settled upon fifty acres of land near Streetsville, on which he lived about twenty-one years, and then disposed of, finally purchasing the farm in Vaughan where John, his son, now resides, and where the old man lived until his death, at the age of sixty-eight years. John married in the year 1860 Ann Drummond, who was a native of Caledon Township, by whom he has a family of three children living. The family are adherents of the Presbyterian Church, and Mr. McKinnon is a Reformer in politics. Our subject had to help his father in the early days to clear the farm, which was then all bush, and remembers perfectly well the school teacher boarding around amongst the different families, which was then the only possible means by which the children could obtain any education.

John McLean, lot 16, concession 6, was born in 1850 on the farm he at present occupies, and is the youngest son of the late John McLean. His father was one of the first settlers in Vaughan, having emigrated from Tyree, Scotland, about the year 1821. After his arrival he was engaged upon the construction of Brock’s Monument, and about the year 1839 purchased the above mentioned farm in Vaughan, where he lived until his death in April, 1879. He was in religion a Presbyterian, and took great interest in Church matters. His political leaning was decidedly Conservative. He left his farm to his son John, who in religion and political ideas follows in the same grooves as his father.

Duncan McMillan, lot 27, concession 3, was born in the township, on the farm where he now resides. He is the youngest son of the late Hugh McMillan, who emigrated from Argyleshire, Scotland, and composed one of the band of pioneer settlers in Vaughan, being very widely known and much respected throughout the section. Mr. McMillan landed at little York when there were only three or four houses, and they travelled to their destination by a deer track, carrying their luggage on two sticks across their shoulders. He settled on the farm now occupied by Duncan, where he remained until his death, March 9, 1876: his birth was on August 9, 1791. He took little or no interest in municipal affairs, but politically was an enthusiastic Conservative. He took great interest in Church matters, being a member of the Presbyterian body. Duncan McMillan was born in 1843, and has always lived on the old homestead.

Alexander McNaughton was born in the Township of Vaughan in 1848, being the second son of the late Reverend Peter McNaughton, a clergyman of the old Scottish Kirk, who came to Canada in 1833, and was the first minister of any denomination established in Vaughan. The Reverend Peter McNaughton preached in Vaughan about five years, and then returned to Scotland to take charge of a parish, where he remained about three years. He came back to Canada at the end of that period, and again taking up his residence in Vaughan ministered to the wants of the section for about nine years. He subsequently removed to Pickering Township, and, after a number of years spent in Gospel work in that locality, he returned to Vaughan, where he had considerable property: he retired from the ministry and remained here until his death in March, 1874, at the advanced age of eighty-one years. Alexander was married in the year 1880 to Catharine Cameron, by whom he has two sons. He belongs to the Presbyterian Church, and is in politics a Conservative.

Peter McNaughton, lot 6, concession 9, was born in the year 1846 on concession 5 of Vaughan, being the third son of the late Donald McNaughton. His father emigrated from Perthshire, Scotland, in 1837, and settled in concession 5 of this township, where he lived until his death in 1878, at the age of seventy-five years. He was a brother of the late Reverend Peter McNaughton, who for many years acted as minister for the Presbyterian body in Vaughan. Mr. Peter McNaughton was married in 1884, his wife’s maiden name being Margaret Bryson, a daughter of Mr. James Bryson, of this section. He is an adherent of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics votes for the Conservative Party.

Andrew McNeil, lot 12, concession 6, is a native of Vaughan Township, having been born on lot 14, concession 6, in the year 1834. He is the second son of the late Mr. Arthur McNeil, a very old settler in Vaughan, who came to Canada in 1819. His father remained in Toronto, then Little York, about fourteen years, where he married. He afterwards purchased land in Vaughan on lot 14, concession 6, where he continued to live until his death. His wife’s maiden name was Margaret Jamieson, who is still living. During his lifetime he took a very intelligent interest in agricultural matters, being the first to introduce the Galloway breed of cattle into this section. He was also active in political affairs, and was a zealous and consistent member of the Presbyterian Church. He died in the year 1881, at the advanced age of eighty-one years. Andrew, the second in order of his father’s family, was married in 1872 to Sarah Livingston, by whom he has three children. In politics, as well as creed, he follows in his father’s footsteps.

Charles McNeil, lot 14, concession 9, was born in Vaughan Township, on the lot where he now resides. His father, the late Colonel Arthur McNeil, emigrated from County Cavan, Ireland, in the year 1821. He remained about ten years in Toronto, and in the year 1831 purchased the farm the locality of which is given at the commencement of this sketch. He always entered with a progressive spirit into agricultural undertakings, and introduced into the township the celebrated Galloway cattle. He died on the farm in the year 1881. Charles was the eldest son of his father’s family, and continues to cultivate the old farm, which is a very fine one of two hundred and fifty acres.

Archibald McQuarrie, lot 23, concession 4, is a native of New York State, where he was born in 1818. In company with his parents he came to Canada in 1827. His father, Lachlan McQuarrie, after his arrival in York County, settled on lots 15 and 16, concession 3, in 1829, and died in the fall of the same year. After his father’s death, his mother purchased twenty-five acres of lot 23, concession 4, and two years afterwards she also died. The family consisted of seven children besides the subject of this sketch, who are all indebted to their eldest sister for the devoted manner in which she endeavoured to supply the loss they had sustained. She is now married and is a resident of Vaughan, being the wife of Mr. Francis Bunt. Each member of the family is now doing well, and most of them are living in this neighbourhood. Archibald McQuarrie was married in 1864 to Emma Pickering, a native of England: they have a family of ten children. He has taken an active part in municipal matters, having been a member of the Township Council about four years. He belongs to the Presbyterian Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

John C. McQuarrie, lot 20, concession 4, was born in the State of New York in the year 1825. His father, the late Lachlan McQuarrie, emigrated from there to Canada about the year 1830, and coming to York County located on lot 17, concession 3, Vaughan Township. He died, however, after he had been about twelve months at the new settlement, leaving a family of eight children, three girls and five boys, of whom John C., the subject of this sketch, is the third in order. His mother died a few years after; thus, at the age of fourteen years, he was left to fight the battle of life alone. Nothing daunted, he commenced to work with a carpenter, from whom he received five dollars per month in the summer and no money at all in winter. He worked for him about three years, during which period he received a little schooling in the winter months. He then hired out at eighteen dollars per month, and the subsequent year commenced business for himself. He carried on a general carpenter and builder’s trade for about ten years, in which he was more than ordinarily successful; but failing health compelled him to give up that business, and he purchased one hundred and fifty acres of land, which he has since continued to farm. Mr. McQuarrie was married in the year 1853; his wife was Sarah Ann Bennett, daughter of Jacob Bennett, who was a native of Vaughan, having been born before the War of 1812. They have a family of three daughters living. His wife died about fourteen years ago, and he has since that time remained a widower. Mr. McQuarrie is a Justice of the Peace, and has also taken considerable interest in church matters, having filled several important positions during the last twenty years.

Alexander Malloy, lot 33, concession 7, is a native of Vaughan Township, and was born in concession 4. He is the eldest son of Mr. Archibald Malloy, who is still living on the homestead, the latter having emigrated from Argyleshire, Scotland, in the year 1826. On arriving in York he removed into the neighbouring County of Peel, and located for a short time in Caledon Township, afterwards (in 1827) coming to Vaughan, where he settled. Alexander was born in the year 1838, and in 1860 married a daughter of Mr. James Bryson, of this section. Our subject has given a considerable amount of time and attention to municipal affairs, and was for about ten years a member of the Council of Colborne Township, Huron County, having formerly resided there. He has been connected with the Council of his native township four years, and is at present Deputy-Reeve. He belongs to the Presbyterian body, and is a Liberal in politics.

John Malloy, lot 35, concession 4, is a native of Argyleshire, Scotland, having been born in the year 1802. He emigrated to Canada in 1824 with his parents. His father was the late Neil Malloy, who was well-known in his day throughout this district. In the year 1829 John Malloy purchased land in Vaughan Township, the same lot on which he now resides. Mr. Malloy remembers the first church being built on concession 6, at which time there were no roads. He was married in 1837 to Isabella Mitchell; they have a family of four sons and one daughter living. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and casts his vote for the Conservative Party.

Gilbert Mathewson, lot 20, rear of concession 4, was born in the Township of Vaughan on the same lot where he now lives. His father, the late Joseph Mathewson, emigrated from Ireland with his parents and settled in Vaughan at an early day, the locality at that time being very wild; he located in 1836 on the farm now occupied by his son Gilbert. He died in 1873; his wife is still living, being seventy-five years of age. Gilbert married in 1860 Susannah Line, a daughter of Samuel Line, who lives in Maple Village. At her death he married his present wife, whose maiden name was Sarah Shunk; she is a daughter of Mr. Simon Shunk, of this township. He has five children by his first wife and one by his present wife. The family are adherents of the Methodist Church, and he is a Reformer in politics.

John Maxwell, lot 6, concession 2, was born in Yorkshire, England, in the year 1816. His father was the late Thomas Maxwell, who emigrated to Canada in the year 1818 in company with his parents and other members of his family. Thomas Maxwell was married in England to Martha Robson, by whom he had six children; he was a miller by trade and followed that occupation after his arrival here; subsequently, entering into partnership with Mr. Thomas Fair, they operated a mill on their own account. Some time afterwards he removed to West York and conducted a saw-mill for about three years. He then came to Vaughan and rented part of the farm belonging to his father for a term of six years; but unfortunately died before the expiration of his lease. John remained at home with his parents for some years. On leaving there he went to Weston, where he resided between two and three years, afterwards returning to Vaughan. About the year 1838 he moved on to the farm he at present occupies.

Robert Metcalf, retired, was born in Yorkshire, England, in the year 1809. In 1831, accompanied by his brother Thomas, he emigrated to Canada and came to little York, now Toronto. He shortly afterwards removed into Markham and worked for various farmers in the section. He subsequently purchased land in Vaughan, on lot 23, concession 2, where he resided thirty-six years and brought up his family. He was married in the year 1841 to Mary Ann Hoshel, a Canadian by birth of German extraction. His family consists of two boys and one girl. Mr. Metcalf is a member of the Methodist Church, and was a deed trustee of the old Methodist Church at Richmond Hill; he was an assistant class-leader to Amos Wright, and conducted the class-meetings in the absence of Mr. Wright while attending to his parliamentary duties. Mr. Metcalf mounted guard at Thornhill during the Mackenzie Rebellion. He is a Reformer in politics. His son Thomas was sergeant of a troop of cavalry for about ten years, and was looked upon as being a very efficient officer.

Edward Miller, lot 27, concession 6, is a native of County Tyrone, Ireland, where he was born in the year 1800. He was a weaver by trade, which occupation he followed previous to his emigration to Canada in 1827. He came direct to York County and located in Vaughan Township, and about six years after his arrival purchased the farm on which he now resides. Mr. Miller married in Ireland, Rebecca Noble, by whom he had a family of ten children, six sons and four daughters; four being dead. He belongs to the Presbyterian Church, and is a Conservative in politics. From his long residence in the township, Mr. Miller can bear testimony to the vast improvements made in the section since first he entered it, and the fact that he can remember the time when neither roads, churches or schools existed, speaks eloquently on behalf of the settlers whose enterprise and energy have contributed to the present satisfactory state of things.

John Moody, lot 21, concession 9, was born in Vaughan Township, being the youngest son of the late Mr. James Moody, a native of Yorkshire, England. Mr. Moody, sen’r, on his arrival in Canada came direct to York, and purchased fifty acres of land in Etobicoke Township, on which he remained about fifteen years. He soon after purchased the farm in Vaughan, where his son John now resides; where he lived until the time of his death in 1883, at the age of eighty years. His wife, our subject’s mother, still lives in Gray County. John Moody was married in the year 1880 to Matilda, daughter of the late Mr. John Prescott, of Toronto, by whom he has three children. He belongs to the Methodist Church, and is a Conservative in politics.

Archibald Morrow, lot 26, concession 7, was born on the farm he now occupies, being the son of the late James Morrow. His father emigrated from County Cavan, Ireland, in the year 1819, and on his arrival settled first at Chippewa, where he was married. He appears to have followed different occupations in various places before locating in Vaughan. At one time he chopped cordwood on Cruikshank’s Lane (now Bathurst Street), Toronto, for the sum of twenty-five cents per cord, and he was subsequently engaged as one of the party who surveyed the section where the town of Barrie now stands. In the year 1830 he settled in this township on the farm where his son, Archibald, now resides. He was a man who, in all probability, would have made a useful member of the municipal body elect, from his great experience and well-known capacity for observation, but such office he never sought, although it is recorded that he always worked hard for his friends and party. He died in the year 1869, at the advanced age of eighty-one years, having lived a useful and industrious life, and gained a host of friends. Archibald Morrow was first married in 1862, the maiden name of his wife being Martha McCutcheon, by whom he had a family of three children. He married his present wife in the year 1871, her name being Margaret Slater; they have three children. Mr. Morrow belongs to the Methodist Church, and is a Conservative in politics.

Malcolm Mulloy, lot 35, concession 5, was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, in the year 1810, and is the youngest son now living of the late Neil Mulloy. The latter emigrated to Canada in the year 1825 with his family, and came to little York, and after staying there a short time, he removed to Vaughan and settled on lot 55, concession 4. He lived with his two sons, James and Neil, who had emigrated about two years previously, and who farmed the land, he himself being a weaver, at which trade he worked up to the period of his death, which took place in 1845. Malcolm married in 1837 Agnes Cameron, who is still living; they have had a family of ten children, but three died when young. Mr. Mulloy is an elder of the Presbyterian Church, and has taken an active part in its affairs. He is a Conservative in politics.

Isaac Murray, lot 26, concession 5, was born in Pennsylvania, in the year 1816, and came with his parents to Canada when he was only two years of age. The account of their journey has more the appearance of an extract from some work of fiction than an incidental circumstance of real life. The distance of four hundred and fifty miles was covered by the parents on foot, while the children, of whom Isaac was one, rode in wallets over the back of a horse. It is not recorded in what length of time the journey was made, but no doubt it would afford a striking and instructive contrast as against the time occupied in traversing the distance in the present day. His father first settled in York Township, on lot 19, concession 5, where he remained about ten years. In 1833 he removed to Vaughan Township, and purchased the lot where the subject of this sketch now resides. His father died at the advanced age of eighty years; his mother was within a few days of reaching her eighty-ninth year when her death occurred. The old people during their lifetime, through industry and perseverance, accumulated a nice property, the mother having been in the habit of weaving for the neighbours, by which she earned a good deal of money. His father had to carry all his flour on his back from Farr’s Mill near Weston. Isaac was the youngest son of his father’s family, and to him fell the possession of the old homestead. He is greatly interested in bees, having a very large apiary in connection with the farm, from which he takes a great quantity of honey; he has one hundred and twenty-four hives, and took out last season over two thousand four hundred pounds in weight. Mr. Murray married Mary Cober, a daughter of the late Peter Cober; they had only one son who has since died. The only office held by our subject has been that of Road Commissioner, which he held for about five years. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, and has taken an active part in church matters. He is a Conservative in politics.

James O’Connor, lot 24, concession 6, was born in King Township in the year 1846, and is the youngest son of the late Patrick O’Connor, an early settler in that section. His father emigrated from the County of Kerry, Ireland, in 1837. He came to York County, and after working for a time on Yonge Street he located in King Township, and worked for Mr. Baldwin, a farmer, for about nine years. He then purchased a farm on concession 6 of King, where he lived a number of years, and in 1855 bought the farm in this township, now in the hands of his son James, where he lived until his death, January, 1883, at the age of seventy-four years. James was married in 1874 to Henrietta Nuggett, daughter of Thomas Nuggett, who still resides in Vaughan. He belongs to the Roman Catholic faith, and is a Reformer in politics.

John Page, lot 9, concession 2, was born in the Township of Vaughan in the year 1828. His father, the late Lewis Page, was born in the United States and came to Canada in 1822. He worked around in the Township of Vaughan until 1825, in which year he married and settled down on the farm now occupied by the subject of this notice, which he had purchased, and where he remained about five years. He then rented the Vaughan farm and bought another one in King Township, where he resided twenty years. At the end of that period he removed again to Vaughan and located on his original purchase, where he continued to reside until his death, which event transpired in 1858, at the age of fifty-eight. The mother of our subject was before her marriage Rebecca Rupert; she died in 1881, being seventy-two years old. Both his parents were of English extraction. John was born on the old homestead in Vaughan. In 1851 he married Jane, daughter of the late Job Wells, of King Township, by whom he had a family of five children. He belongs to the Methodist Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

William Patterson, lot 26, concession 9, was born in Roxburghshire, Scotland, in the year 1815. He came to Canada with his parents in 1831. He is the eldest son of the late Archibald Patterson, by his second wife, and on settling in Vaughan, our subject had to take the entire management of the farm in consequence of his father’s advanced age and corresponding infirmities. The latter died in the year 1837 at the venerable age of ninety-five years. Since Mr. William Patterson’s residence in the township he has taken an active part in municipal affairs, having, for the last twenty years, filled the office of Road Commissioner, and he has been Tax Collector for about half that period. In addition to these he has been a School Trustee for a number of years. He is a Presbyterian in religion, and a Reformer in politics. Mr. Patterson married Mary Jane, daughter of the late Thomas Sharpe, by whom he has a family of nine children.

Henry Paul, lot 24, concession 10, was born in England in the year 1809. He emigrated to America alone in 1834, and landed at New York. He remained some months in Utica, New York State, and then removed to Cleveland, Ohio, where he lived nine years. He subsequently came to Canada and located in Vaughan Township on the lot where he now lives. He was married in the year 1856 to Patience Peacock, a daughter of the late Thomas Peacock, of Toronto Gore. They have a family of four sons and three daughters, viz.: Mary, born November 8, 1857; Jane, born September 13, 1859; Henry, born January 7, 1862; Thomas, born January 24, 1864; Georgina, born March 18, 1866; John, born June 9, 1868; Robert, born October 11, 1870. He belongs to the English Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

Thomas Peterman, lot 30, concession 7, was born on the lot upon which he is at present living and is the second son of Mr. Henry Peterman, who lives in Aurora; his father was born on concession 3 of this township, the family having originally emigrated from Pennsylvania. Mr. Henry Peterman of Aurora, brother to Thomas, is very active in church matters, and was a class leader of the Methodist Church. His retiring disposition has retarded him from interfering in municipal affairs. He is a Reformer in politics. Wesley and Reuben, two younger brothers of the family, work lot 29, concession 6.

Captain James Playter, deceased, was born and had always lived in the County of York, and during the most of his life resided at Richmond Hill, where he carried on for many years a large agricultural and lumbering business at the old homestead of his uncle, the late Squire Miles, who contributed so largely to the church and school of that village. He was many years Captain of the 4th Battalion York, Upper Canada Militia, retiring with rank in 1861. In earlier life he manifested much interest in Sunday school work. He took little part in public matters, though being a great reader, he was very familiar with the political history of the country in every detail. He was a Liberal Conservative in politics, but supported men rather than party. Captain Playter was a descendant of a very old Anglo-Saxon family. He was a son of James Playter, a U. E. Loyalist, who over eighty years ago held municipal offices in the country, and grandson of the Captain George Playter referred to in “Toronto of Old,” as an intimate friend of Governor Simcoe. He was related to many of the oldest families in the Province, was twice married, and the father of Doctor Playter, of Toronto, and seven other sons, one still living at Richmond Hill, another in the Bank of Commerce, and two daughters. His death occurred December 20, 1882, in the seventy-ninth year of his age.

John Porter, lot 3, concession 9, was born in the year 1810, and is a native of Yorkshire, England. In 1831 he came to Canada in company with his wife to whom he had only just been united, and settled in York County. After remaining in little York about six months he moved into Vaughan Township, where his brother, the late William Porter, had previously settled. Mr. Porter located on the farm he now occupies, which was then in its primitive state, and the absence of roads and other adjuncts to comfort and convenience contributed not a little to his labour in early years. He takes a very active part in agricultural matters, being amongst the first to introduce heavy draught horses and the breed of Leicestershire and Cotswold sheep in this section. His wife’s maiden name was Ann Mercer, also a native of Yorkshire; they had a family of fourteen children, seven of whom only are living. Mr. Porter is a member of the Township Agricultural Society; a Reformer in politics, and a member of the Methodist Church, of which he is a Trustee.

William Powill, lot 47, concession 1, is a native of Beverly, Yorkshire, England, and was born in the year 1814. He emigrated to Canada in 1830, and settled near the Village of Richmond Hill, York County, and commenced to work for Miles Langstaff, with whom he stayed between three and four years. He then rented a farm from Colonel Moodie for four years, afterwards moving into Whitchurch Township, where he rented another farm. At the expiration of two years, not liking the section, he moved to Vaughan on the farm which he still occupies. Mr. Powill in 1835 married Margaret, daughter of Colonel Bridgeford; by this union he had five sons and one daughter, all of whom are living at the present time. His wife died, and he married again in the year 1858. His second espousal was to Elizabeth Chamberlain, by whom he has had seven sons and two daughters. Mr. Powill has taken an active part in the management of the affairs of the municipality, and was a member of the first Council elected for the Village of Richmond Hill. He continued in the Council about seven years. He and his family are adherents of the Church of England, and in matters political he remains an uncompromising Conservative. Of his family twelve sons and three daughters are now living; the sons are all impregnated with the intensely loyal spirit of the father, and are prepared, should necessity ever require it, to defend the Crown against any enemy. Mr. Powill, during the Mackenzie Rebellion, was a member of Captain Gapper’s troop of horse. Mr. Powill was the son of the late Benjamin Powill, who died in the Township of Whitchurch.

Joseph Readmer, lot 31, concession 6, was born in 1837 in the Township of Vaughan, on lot 12, concession 9, being the second son of Mr. Thomas Readmer, who now resides on concession 8. The latter is a very old settler, and came to Vaughan when he was thirteen years old. The family were originally from Scarborough, Yorkshire, England, and on their first landing here settled at Lachine, Quebec Province, where they remained about five years, subsequently coming west and settling in Vaughan Township. The family consisted of two sons and six daughters. Joseph Readmer married in 1859 Sarah Ann Margaret Peterbough, whose parents came out with the Selkirk party, for the colonization of the Red River region: they have one son. The family are Presbyterians, and Mr. Readmer is in politics a Reformer.

Daniel Reaman, lot 15, concession 2, is a native of this township, having been born on lot 10, concession 2. His father, the late Josiah Reaman, was a man well known in the Township of Vaughan and surroundings, and was also born on lot 10, concession 2. The family were originally from Pennsylvania. The subject of this sketch is the third son living of his father’s family. He has two brothers living in this section, one, Josiah, residing with him, and the other, Nicholas, living on the old homestead; he has one brother, William, living in Orillia. His brother Josiah takes a very great interest in bee culture, and is always proud to show strangers the working and household arrangements of his numerous family. Daniel Reaman has been thrice married, his present wife’s name being Margaret Woods previous to their union: he has one child. The family are members of the Methodist Church, and Daniel is a Reformer in politics.

Michael Reaman, lot 7, concession 9, was born in the year 1849, and is the third son of the late Michael Reaman, whose parents originally came from Pennsylvania and settled in York at an early day. Mr. Reaman, sen’r, was born in York County, and took up his residence in Vaughan Township when the settlement of that section first began. He was a man well and widely known, and the enthusiastic interest he took in all Parliamentary matters gave to him more than a local celebrity. He was a strong Reformer, and up to the time of his death in 1871 never flinched—whatever may have been the position of his party—from the principles he early imbibed. Mr. Reaman, the subject of this notice, was married in 1876, his wife’s maiden name being Jane McCauley, a daughter of Malcolm McCauley, of this township: they have a family of four children. He is a member of the Methodist Church. His interest in political matters is centred more in obtaining good measures than in promoting the advancement of party. He does a great deal of stock-raising, and has some thoroughbred Durham cattle. He owns the first prize draught stallion “Edinburgh Tom,” which was imported in 1884, and is valued at $2,500.

Thomas Richardson, lot 14, concession 9, is the only son living of the late Thomas Richardson, who emigrated from Yorkshire, England, in the year 1818, and took up his residence first in Philadelphia, United States. Mr. Richardson, sen’r, after a short stay in the United States came to Canada and settled at little York, where he worked for Dr. Baldwin some time, and subsequently kept a hotel for a number of years. He then purchased a farm in Vaughan Township, in concession 8, which he lived on and cultivated until his death in 1875, at the age of eighty-five years. Thomas, the subject of this notice, was born in little York in 1825. In 1859 he married Miss McCormack, by whom he had one son. She died, and he afterwards married again, his second wife being Elizabeth, a daughter of the late Richard Jeffrey, of this township: they have four children. He is a member of the Methodist Church, and a Conservative in politics.

Thomas Riddell, lot 10, concession 10, was born on lot 12, concession 9, Vaughan Township, in the year 1842. He is the fourth son of the late Alfred Riddell, an early settler in Vaughan, who emigrated with his father’s family from Roxburghshire, Scotland, and located here in 1834. Mr. Riddell, sen’r, took an active interest in all matters concerning the Presbyterian Church, of which he was a ruling elder for upwards of twenty years. He lived on the farm until the time of his death, which occurred in January, 1863, being then sixty-seven years of age: his wife is dead also. The subject of this sketch was married in 1872, his wife being Jane, a daughter of Mr. John Mason, of Toronto Gore: they have a family of four children. He is a Reformer in politics, and, like his father, a firm adherent of the Presbyterian Church.

Robert Robinson, lot 1, concession 6, was born in County Armagh, Ireland, in the year 1837. He accompanied his parents on their emigration to Canada in 1838, and is the eldest son of his father’s family. His father’s name was Mark Robinson, who is still living in the Township of Chinguacousy, where he settled soon after his arrival in Canada. He is now seventy-four years of age, and during his lifetime has taken great interest in municipal affairs. He is also a prominent member of the Church of England, and has been churchwarden on several occasions. Robert Robinson in 1869 married Mary Jane Graham, daughter of the late William Graham, of this township. The latter was a proprietor of a large lumber mill, and was also a prominent member of the Masonic order. Our subject was the first pupil who passed through the Ontario Veterinary College, taking his diploma on March 27, 1866. He is a Conservative in politics, and a member of the English Church. He has a family of five children.

Peter Rupert, lot 16, concession 3, is descended from a family who originally came from Pennsylvania, U. S. He is the son of the late Adam Rupert, who died comparatively young, at the age of thirty-four, and was born on the farm where he now resides in the year 1809. Reminiscences of the early days of settlement may often be brought back to many through the medium of a biographical sketch, and the early battles with nature in which the pioneers played their part, to the mind’s eye, may be fought over again by a perusal of these pages. With these events, although but a boy at the time, our subject was well acquainted, and retains a vivid recollection of the trials and hardships undergone. The absence of all signs of civilization, nothing around but the vast and apparently endless bush, may well make an impression on the mind of anyone, and Peter Rupert was not exempt in this respect. Having witnessed the rise and progress of his native township, he is naturally proud of the part he has played in its development. He remembers well the time when but one little German school was all the educational facilities afforded in the township, most of the settlers being Germans from Pennsylvania. There was plenty of wild animals however, and the nights were made hideous by discordant noises. Mr. Rupert has happily seen a new state of things, and how, by the industry and energetic will of man, the wilderness may be brought into entire subjection. He was married in the year 1831 to Susan, daughter of the late John Pulebaugh, by whom he had seventeen children, some of whom are still living in the neighbourhood. Mr. Rupert took an active part in municipal affairs, but never accepted office. He is an adherent of the Methodist Church.

Thomas Seager, lot 31, concession 1, was born in Vaughan Township, on concession 2, in the year 1844. He is the eldest son of the late Edward Seager, an early settler in Vaughan, who emigrated to Canada in company with his brother in the year 1830. He settled near Thornhill and operated a saw-mill on Yonge Street, north of the village, for about fifteen years. In 1850 he purchased the farm in lot 31, concession 1, Vaughan, where his son still resides, together with his mother and a younger brother. They are Roman Catholics in religion, while in politics Mr. Seager supports the Conservative Party. He has four brothers and two sisters, all living.

Simon Shunk, lot 8, concession 4, is the eldest son of the late Jacob Shunk. His father was a native of Somerset County, Pennsylvania, who emigrated to Canada shortly before the War of 1812, and immediately after his arrival in York purchased the farm on which Simon now lives, and which he remained upon until his death in 1880, at the venerable age of ninety-seven. He was a Mennonite in religion, and an elder of the Church. Our subject was born in the old homestead in 1814, and married in 1835 Susannah White, daughter of the late Hiram White, of Vaughan, by whom he has six children, all living. Mr. Shunk has taken a lively interest in agricultural matters, having especially turned his attention to the breeding of horses, and having sold some very fine teams. On one occasion he sold a single horse for the high price of $700, which sufficiently proves that the time and care he devotes to stock raising is justified by results. His farm is considered one of the finest and best cultivated in the section. He is an adherent of the Methodist Church, and in politics a Conservative.

William Simmons, hotel proprietor, Thornhill, was born in Nottinghamshire, England, April 11, 1844. He emigrated to Canada in 1867, and first located at Belleville, where he was employed on the Grand Trunk Railway. He then went to Michigan, where he remained two years; and the subsequent seven years he was employed as engineer on the Great Western Division of the G. T. Railway. In the year 1884 he purchased his present hotel in the Village of Thornhill, where he has excellent accommodation for the travelling public, including good stabling. He married Mary Ann Callasas, of Lincolnshire, England. Mr. Simmons has done a large amount of foreign travel, and possesses at the present time some property in New Zealand.

David Smellie, lot 8, concession 3, was born in the Township of Vaughan in 1833, on the farm on which he now resides, being the eldest of the family of the late David Smellie. The latter emigrated from Lanarkshire, Scotland, in the fall of 1830. He came alone, and for the first year after his arrival worked at York Mills; he then purchased the farm in Vaughan now owned and occupied by his son, where he lived until his death in 1860. He was a man well-known in the surrounding townships and exercised considerable influence in municipal matters, and was for a number of years a member of the Township Council. He took a leading position in all matters relating to Agriculture, and was generally recognized as being of great service to the different societies. He took prizes at all the township fairs, his specialties being Leicestershire and Cotswold sheep, and Ayrshire Cattle. At his death, the loss to the community was felt to be great, and his memory is still cherished by some of the old inhabitants independently of the surviving members of his family. His son, David, on his father’s death, came into possession of a very handsome heritage, and it may be fairly stated that without exception he owns the finest farm in the township. It is compact and neat in every particular, and the grounds and surroundings bear ample proof of the care and labour lavished upon them; the style of cultivation is also greatly above the average. Mr. Smellie married in the year 1873. His wife was Martha Jane, born in York Township, and sister of William James, of that section; they have a family of three children. Mr. Smellie is an adherent of the Presbyterian Church, and a Reformer in politics.

Jacob Smith, lot 15, concession 5, was born in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, in the year 1817, being the eldest son of the late John Smith mentioned elsewhere. He was but twelve months old when he came to Canada with his parents, with whom he continued to live until 1845. He then moved on to lot 16, concession 5, where he remained until 1869, in which year he located in the Village of Maple, where he still resides. He married in the year 1845, his wife being Elizabeth, daughter of the late John White, of this township. He is a Mennonite in religion, and a Conservative in politics.

Samuel Smith, lot 7, concession 4, is the third son of the late Jacob Smith, who emigrated from Pennsylvania in company with his parents shortly after the American War of 1812. They settled on the farm now owned by our subject. Samuel’s grandfather belonged to the Mennonite Church and took considerable interest in its welfare, and having received a good education he often in his younger days exhorted the members of the church. Samuel was born on the old homestead in 1833, and was married in the year 1866 to Sarah, daughter of Mr. Samuel Snider, by whom he has four children. He belongs to the old Mennonite Church, but takes very little interest in politics, giving his support to good measures rather than party.

John Snider, lot 17, concession 5, is descended from a family who emigrated from the State of Pennsylvania (near the Susquehanna River) in the year 1800. He is the eldest son of the late Jacob Snider, who was born during the journey his parents made from the States to Canada. Jacob Snider settled on the farm now owned by his son John, and in the early days of settlement proved very useful amongst his neighbours (on account of his skill in surgery) before the advent of the medical profession which is now so ably represented. He died on the farm in 1864, at the age of sixty-four years. His wife’s name was Fanny Mussulman, who is still living being about eighty-four years of age. John, the subject of this sketch was born in 1821, near the Village of Maple, and was about nine years of age, when his father located on the farm now in his own possession. He has a lively recollection of the hardships to which they were in the early times subjected, and remembers when the first trees were cut on the lot for building purposes. He was married in 1852 to Mary Sturp, by whom he has three children living. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, and a Conservative in politics.

James Somerville, lot 14, concession 10, was born in 1843 on the lot where he now resides. He is the second son of the late James Somerville, who emigrated from Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1836, and settled in Vaughan on the same land now occupied by James, jun’r. Mr. Somerville, sen’r, took a lively and intelligent interest in the affairs of the municipality, and was a member of the Township Council for some years. He was a devout member of the Presbyterian Church, and was an Elder for about twelve years previous to his death. Before the church was built the religious services presided over by Dr. Jennings were conducted at the house of Mr. Somerville. He died in 1873, being sixty-three years of age. James from his youth upwards resided on the old homestead, and takes considerable pride in the cultivation of the farm. He does a good deal of stock-raising, principally Durham cattle. He belongs to the Presbyterian Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

Robert Somerville, lot 14, concession 10, was born on his present lot. He is the eldest son of the late James Somerville, who was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, and emigrated to Canada, locating in the Township of Vaughan at an early day. The late Mr. Somerville took a lively interest in municipal matters, and was a member of the Township Council for a number of years. He continued to live on the farm until his death in 1873, at the age of sixty-two years. He was an Elder of the Presbyterian Church. Robert Somerville was married in the year 1876 to Mary Ann Goodall, by whom he has four children. He belongs to the Presbyterian Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

Robert Somerville, lot 17, concession 9, is the eldest son of the late Archibald Somerville, who settled in the township about 1837. His father was a native of Lanarkshire, Scotland. He lived on the farm in Vaughan until 1876, in which year he purchased a farm in Chinguacousy Township, Peel County, where he lived until his death in 1873, at the age of fifty-seven years. He was an active member of the Presbyterian Church, and a Reformer in politics. His wife survives him, and lives in Peel County. Robert was born in 1847, on the lot where he still resides. He married in 1880 Mary Elizabeth, daughter of John Pearson, of Brampton; they have one child. Mr. Somerville is a Presbyterian in religion, and a teacher in Sabbath schools. In politics he is a Reformer.

John C. Steele, lot 26, concession 1, hotel proprietor, was born in Vaughan Township, near Atkinson’s Mills, in the year 1837. He is the only son of the late Thomas Steele, who settled in the township at an early day, and followed farming for a considerable time, and in connection therewith also kept an hotel at Bond Lake; he died in Vaughan Township in the same house where our subject now conducts the hotel known as The Green Bush. John C. is a joiner by trade, and worked for a number of years in Toronto. He subsequently commenced in the hotel business in Alma, Wellington County, and continued there for twelve years. He started his present hotel in 1877, where every attention is paid to the travelling public. Mr. Steele was married in the year 1858, his wife’s maiden name being Mary A. Robertson, by whom he has seven children, two boys and five girls. He is an adherent of the Presbyterian Church, and a Conservative in politics. Mr. Steele’s parents were natives of Yorkshire, England.

Thomas H. Steele, lot 20, concession 9, was born on the farm he now resides on, being the youngest son of the late Daniel Steele, who settled in Vaughan about the year 1841. He came from Napanee in the Bay of Quinté, and at the time of his first settlement in Vaughan there were no roads, only the old Indian trail. He was an earnest and devoted member of the Methodist Church, and besides being a class leader was also a local preacher. He died in 1873 at the age of sixty-five years. Thomas H. married in 1871, his wife being Mary, daughter of Robert King, of this township; they have a family of five children. Mr. Steele is an adherent of the Methodist Church, and votes with the Reform Party.

James A. Stevenson, lot 20, concession 8, was born in 1848 in the Township of Vaughan, on the lot now occupied by him. He is the only son of the late James Stevenson, one of the early settlers, who came from Glasgow, Scotland, and located here when only seventeen years old. He settled on a farm in the township, where he remained quite a number of years, and in 1853 located on lot 30, concession 8, where he died in 1862. Mr. Stevenson, sen’r, was for many years a member of the Agricultural Society. Mr. James A. Stevenson married in the year 1872 Eliza Hartly, by whom he has four children. He belongs to the Congregational Church, and is in politics a Reformer.

Joseph Stong, lot 1, concession 5, is a Canadian by birth, being the third son of the late Daniel Stong, who emigrated from Pennsylvania in the year 1809 in company with his parents. They settled in Vaughan on lot 23, concession 3. The father of our subject assisted to brush the town line between York and Vaughan. Joseph was born in the year 1826; he married Elizabeth Snider in the year 1849, who was also born in Vaughan, being a daughter of the late Jacob Snider, who was Collector and Assessor for the Township a number of years. They have a family of five children, three sons and two daughters, all of whom are married and in good circumstances. The family are adherents of the Methodist Church, and Mr. Stong is a Reformer in politics. His mother is still living and resides with him; she is eighty-six years old.

Thomas Tedder, lot 25, concession 9, is of English birth, being the second son of the late William Tedder, who emigrated from the County of Norfolk, England, and settled near Woodbridge. In 1859 Mr. Tedder, sen’r, moved on to the farm where our subject now resides, and remained there until his death in 1882, at the age of sixty-seven years. He was an active worker in the cause of the Gospel in his day, and was a class leader in the Methodist Church about thirty-five years. Thomas was born on the old homestead in 1844, and has all his life devoted his attention to farming. He was married in 1866, his wife’s maiden name being Mary McGillivray; her father was the late Neil McGillivray, of this township. They have no family.

Samuel Thompson, lot 35, concession 2, is from the county of broad acres yclept Yorkshire, England, where he was born in the year 1812, and where he spent the early portion of his life. About the year 1830, accompanied by his stepfather, Thomas Grundy, his mother and other members of the family, he came to Canada. They settled first at Unionville, in concession 6 of Markham, and there Samuel continued to reside, working with his stepfather, who was a blacksmith by trade. He subsequently worked on the farm of Mr. Robert Grundy in the same township for several years, and finally, in 1850, purchased the farm in Vaughan, on which he still resides, and which he still cultivates. In 1847 he married a daughter of his former employer, Mr. Robert Grundy, by whom he had eleven children, nine being still living. He is a member of the Methodist Church, of which he is a Trustee, and generously presented the lot upon which the edifice was erected. The first church was burnt down, and Mr. Thompson was instrumental in having it rebuilt. He is a Reformer in politics.

John Train, lot 27, concession 8, was born in the City of Toronto in the year 1832, he being the eldest son of the late Christopher Train, who emigrated from Hull, Yorkshire, England, the year previous to the birth of our subject. His father, after his arrival in Canada, came direct to York County, and for the first two years, remained in Toronto, where he engaged in sawing lumber, but, on account of ill health was obliged to quit that business. He bought a farm in Vaughan Township, on lot 20, concession 10, where he remained some time. He was induced to try Toronto again, and after battling vainly against ill-health, he was obliged once more to seek the repose and pure air of the country. He came back to Vaughan, and after a lapse of eight or nine years he bought the farm where Elder’s Mill now stands, and commenced to operate the saw-mill, renting off the agricultural part of his property. After a time he sold his farm and mill and returned to his first purchase in concession 10; this in turn he sold, and finally bought the farm on which his son, John, now resides. He died in 1857, at the age of fifty-eight years. John Train followed his father’s business, and runs a saw-mill on his property in Vaughan, and in addition has one in the neighbourhood of Georgian Bay, where he does a large lumbering trade. In 1856 he espoused Ann, daughter of Mr. Thomas Gimmerson, a native of Wallace Township. They have nine sons and two daughters. Mr. Train has taken scarcely any interest in municipal matters; he belongs to the Methodist Church, and is a Conservative in politics.

Samuel Troyer, lots 1 and 2, concession 3, was born in the Township of Vaughan in the year 1838, and is the fifth son of the late Christian Troyer, minister of the Mennonite Church for upwards of forty years, a Canadian by birth, who settled in Vaughan at an early period in its history. His mother was born on Yonge Street, near Thornhill, and was a daughter of the late Nicholas Cober who died in the year 1842. His people on both sides were originally from Pennsylvania, U. S. His father commenced farming on lot 5, concession 3, where he lived for twenty-six years, after which he moved on to the farm which is now in the hands of our subject. Mr. Troyer was married in the year 1865, his wife’s maiden name being Mary Ann Baldwin, a Canadian by birth; the fruit of this union was a family of six children, all living. They belong to the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Troyer is not much of a politician, but countenances good measures, rather than support hard and fast lines of party. The house on Yonge Street, near Thornhill, formerly in the possession of his grandfather, was the fifth built north of Toronto.

Jacob Twyer, lot 8, concession 8, was born in York Township in 1829, and is a descendant of a family who came from Pennsylvania at an early day. He is the fourth son of the late Jacob Twyer, an early settler of York. He was a member of the Lutheran Church. Our subject was married in the year 1859 to Mary Hackins, a daughter of the late James Hackins, of Albion Township, by whom he has twelve children, all living. Mr. Twyer is an adherent of the Bible Christian Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

Peter Vanderbuigher, lot 24, concession 2, is descended from a U. E. Loyalist family, who came from Pennsylvania, U. S. His father was Richard Vanderbuigher, who was born in Markham Township, his parents being amongst the very earliest settlers there. Peter was also born in Markham in the year 1817. In the year 1843 he purchased the farm in Vaughan, where he still resides. In 1843 he married Mary Ann Marsh, of Canadian birth, and daughter of the late James Marsh, of Markham Township; by this marriage he has seven children. He belongs to the Presbyterian Church, and is a Conservative in politics.

Peter G. Wardlaw, lot 21, concession 9, was born in the Township of Etobicoke, in the year 1851, being the second son of Mr. Peter Wardlaw, who resides on lot 24, concession A of that township. Mr. Peter G. Wardlaw was married in 1875, his wife’s maiden name being Elizabeth Parsons, daughter of Mr. Matthew Parsons, of York Township. They have a family of three children. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and a Reformer in politics.

James Watson, lot 23, concession 3, was born at Gambleton, Scotland, in the year 1820, and came to Canada with his parents when but two years of age. His father, the late John Watson, on arriving with his family at Toronto moved up at once into Vaughan Township, and located on lot 9, concession 2, where he remained a few years. Apparently not satisfied with his position he gave up the farm and hired himself out for a length of time, subsequently locating on lot 23, concession 5, where he lived six years. He tried two other localities before ultimately settling on lot 25, concession 4, where he died. The subject of this sketch commenced life on his own account by threshing, which branch of industry he followed for over twenty-seven years. In 1866 he purchased the farm he now holds, and which he has farmed very successfully up to the present. He married in 1858 Nancy Jane White: they have a family of three children. He belongs to the Presbyterian Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

Thomas Watson, lot 32, concession 4, is a native of Yorkshire, England, and was born in the year 1814. He emigrated to Canada in the year 1831, and the subsequent eleven years worked for different farmers in and about Thornhill, amongst others the late Mr. Thorn. He then purchased land in the Township of Vaughan on which he still resides. Being economical as well as industrious he has become the owner of two other farms, and possesses now a considerable amount of property. Mr. Watson was married in the year 1835, his wife’s maiden name being Hannah Morrison: they have a family of seven children living. He has taken no active part in municipal affairs, his own business and family having absorbed his whole time and attention. He belongs to the Episcopal Church, and is a Conservative in politics.

William Watson, lot 7, concession 6, is a native of Lanarkshire, Scotland, where he was born in the year 1831. He came to Canada in 1856, and settled in Markham Township, York County, where he remained about two years. He then moved into Scarboro’ Township, where he stayed seventeen years, subsequently locating on lot 7, concession 6, in the Township of Vaughan. Mr. Watson was married before he left Scotland; his family consists of seven children, all living. He has exerted himself very much in church matters, and is an elder of the Presbyterian body. He is a Reformer in politics. While a resident in Scarboro’ Township he took considerable interest in the Agricultural Society, of which he was a director.

George Weldrick, lot 35, concession 1. This gentleman, so well known in connection with agricultural matters in the township and county, was born in Hull, Yorkshire, England, in 1828. He emigrated to Canada in 1849, and settled in Scarboro’ Township, where for a short time he ran a threshing machine, subsequently renting a farm. He afterwards rented a farm from Mr. T. Langstaff, near Thornhill, in Markham Township, which he cultivated and resided upon about fourteen years. He then purchased his present farm, which has now been in his possession about fourteen years. He was married in the year 1852, his wife being Hannah, daughter of the late William Boynton, of Markham Township: he has a family of three sons and one daughter. Mr. Weldrick has in his possession several prizes and diplomas received from the County and Provincial Fairs, awarded to him for excellence in his breeds of cattle and sheep, together with horses. His Leicester Cotswold sheep and Durham cattle are much admired. In other matters connected with agriculture he has always shown a desire to promote its interests in his section; and, by adopting the most complete methods, has been the cause of much emulation amongst his neighbours, to the general benefit of the township. Mr. Weldrick in politics is now a Conservative, having in recent years altered his opinions on the National Policy. He is an adherent of the Methodist Church, and highly respected wherever he is known.

Hiram White, lot 8, concession 3, is a native of Vaughan Township, and was born on the farm where he now lives. His father, the late Hiram White, was one of the first settlers in the section, there being but three houses when he first located there. Mr. White, sen’r, was from Vermont, U. S., but is descended from an English family who settled in that State before the Revolutionary War. On coming to Canada he first settled in Etobicoke Township on the Humber River, but remained there only a short time, subsequently moving into Vaughan where he lived until his death. He had a family of nine children, five sons and four daughters, Hiram and one sister, Mrs. Simon Shink, being the only two living of this family. Mr. White married in 1853 a daughter of Mr. William Keefer, by whom he has a family of seven children. He is connected with the English Church, and in politics is a supporter of the Reform party.

Robert Wilson, lot 23, concession 5, was born in the Township of Chinguacousy, Peel County, in the year 1841. He is the eldest son of Mr. John Wilson of that township, who emigrated from the County of Cumberland, England, about the year 1827. He settled in the Township of Chinguacousy, where he purchased land on lot 9, concession 1, west of the centre, where he has since continued to live. Mr. Wilson, sen’r, married after his arrival in Canada, his wife’s name being Ellen Craig; they had a family of six sons and four daughters, of whom five sons and two daughters are living. Robert Wilson has never married. He is a member of the Methodist Church, and a Conservative in politics.

David Witherspoon, lot 25, concession 7, was born in the Township of Vaughan on lot 12, concession 7, in the year 1856, being the youngest son of Mr. Peter Witherspoon, an old settler in the township, who has now retired and lives at Woodbridge. Mr. Witherspoon was married in the year 1883. His wife’s maiden name was Mary Blough, daughter of Mr. John Blough of Vaughan Township, by whom he had one child. In religion he is a Presbyterian; in politics a Reformer.

VILLAGE OF RICHMOND HILL.

AVID BOYLE, ex-Reeve of the Township of Vaughan, is a native of Ayrshire, Scotland, where he was born in 1821. In the spring of 1842 he emigrated to Canada, and located at York Mills, where he worked as blacksmith for twelve years. He then took a farm in concession 2 of East York, on which he lived for five years, and subsequently purchased two hundred and fifteen acres of land, where there was a saw-mill which he operated until 1881, when he retired. He has held the offices of Reeve, Deputy-Reeve, and School Trustee; all of these offices he has satisfactorily filled. In 1848 he married Miss Ann Williamson, a native of England; they had born to them the following children, viz.: David, born 1850; John, born 1852; Mary Ann, born 1853; Agnes, born 1855, died in 1872; Matthew, born 1857.

William French, carriage manufacturer, Richmond Hill, was born in Scotland in 1832, and came to Canada with his parents in 1835. His father was a blacksmith, and on his arrival in York first located at Elgin Mills. His mother’s maiden name was Sarah Craige. William learned his trade with his father, and in 1857 went into business on his own account at Richmond Hill. In 1878 he opened his present commodious place of business, a large building of three storeys high, and 110 x 30 feet measurement, where he employs fifteen men, and conducts a business of $20,000 annually. His establishment is fitted up with all the latest improvements in machinery, which is driven by an engine of sixteen horse-power. In addition to this manufacturing industry Mr. French owns a farm of one hundred acres in Vaughan Township, being a part of lot 23, concession 2, which he cultivates. Mr. French has also taken an active part in municipal affairs, and has occupied the position of Village Reeve; he is now a School Trustee. He was married in 1859, his family being as follows: Annie, Frank, Thomas, Mary, Wycliffe, Matilda, Susan and William.

Dr. James Langstaff, of Richmond Hill, the youngest of eight children, was born near Thornhill in 1825. His father, John Langstaff, from New Jersey, U. S., was married on Yonge Street in 1808, to Lucy Miles, daughter of Abner Miles, named in Dr. Scadding’s “Toronto of Old.” Dr. Langstaff studied two years as house-pupil with Dr. Rolph, also two years in Guy’s Hospital, London, England. He commenced practice in Unionville in the spring of 1849, but removed in the following September to Richmond Hill, where he has continued to reside up to the present time, and is still in the active practice of his profession. He has been twice married, first to Mary Ann Miller, daughter of Henry Miller, Esq., of Thornhill, who died in 1879, leaving four children. In 1882 he was married to E. F. Louisa Palmer, daughter of J. W. Palmer, Whitby. In politics Dr. J. Langstaff has been an active Reformer, although his father and three brothers were ranged on the opposite side. He has been a member of the Presbyterian Church for many years, and has always taken an active part in the temperance cause.

John Palmer, hotel proprietor, was born in Devonshire, England, in 1840, and came with his parents John and Frances (Holman) Palmer to Canada in 1843. Our subject worked on his father’s farm until 1865, and in that year purchased the Robin Hood Hotel, which he conducted only six months. After selling the property he bought the stage which plied between Stouffville and Toronto. In 1849 he bought the property known as The Palmer House, Richmond Hill, which he rebuilt in 1874, and which with an additional two acres of land is valued at $15,000. He also owns a farm of one hundred and seven and a-half acres, being part of lot 46, concession 1 of Markham. Mr. Palmer takes considerable interest in the raising of heavy-draught horses, and has imported some of the best stallions ever introduced into the country. In 1868 he married Delia Veley of Vaughan Township, by whom he has two children: Walter, born 1869, and Jennie, born 1879.

TOWNSHIP OF KING.

IEUTENANT-COLONEL ARTHUR ARMSTRONG, deceased, was born in Ireland in 1812. He emigrated to Canada in 1836, and locating in York County purchased lot 24, concession 9, King Township. He filled several important offices during his career, and was in 1838 appointed a J.P. He gave very valuable assistance to the Government during the troublous times of 1837, and was authorized by the Governor-General to raise a company, which he succeeded in doing in the short period of four days. He was taken prisoner by a party of Rebels who endeavoured by threats to coerce him into joining their ranks, but it is scarcely necessary to add without success. Baring his bosom he gave them to understand that his life was at their disposal if they wished to take it, but his loyalty to the Crown should never be questioned. Through his instrumentality the whole party were afterwards arrested. He was appointed the first Clerk of the Division Court, which position he occupied about ten years. In 1865 he took a first-class certificate at the School of Military Instruction. He cleared over three hundred acres of land. He died in the year 1880, after a long, useful and honourable life.

Arthur Armstrong, son of the above, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1835, and came with his parents to Canada when but a child. His early education was received in the Common Schools, afterwards finishing at Upper Canada College. He succeeded his father in 1859 as Clerk of the Division Court, and continues to retain that position. In military matters he has taken an active part, having held honourable positions in both Cavalry and Infantry Corps. He retired in 1875 with the rank of Major. Major Armstrong was married in 1865 to Miss Bosworth, daughter of Alfred Bosworth, M.D., late of Paris, Ont. His wife died in 1880, leaving five children to mourn their loss, viz.:—A. Bosworth, born 1868; Walter Clifford, born 1873; Adelaide Dewson, born 1875; John A. McDonald, born 1877; Violet Keith, born 1879. Major Armstrong again married, his second wife being a daughter of the late Colonel R. S. Denison. Our subject is a strong Conservative in politics, and in religion holds to the Church of England.

Francis Attridge, lot 6, concession 6, carriage manufacturer, Laskay P.O., was born in Simcoe County, and acquired a knowledge of carriage-making, at which trade he worked as journeyman for a period of fifteen years. He established his present business in 1883, and by strict attention and a careful regard to all the details of workmanship, he has been enabled to secure a considerable amount of the trade of his vicinity.

Joseph Baldwin, deceased, was one of the early pioneers of King Township, and was born in the year 1807, at Laskay, Yorkshire, England. He emigrated to Canada in 1830, and located for about two years in the Township of Loughborough, Frontenac County. Attracted by the encouraging reports that were being received there of fine agricultural land north of little York, he came to York County in 1832, and settled in the Township of King, on lot 3, concession 5, and may be called one of the originators of the Village of Laskay. He settled in the dense forest, amongst the hills that skirt one of the eastern branches of the River Humber, on the north half of the lot previously alluded to, where a small beginning had been made towards the erection of a saw-mill and the building of a dam. Mr. Baldwin purchased the property in its unfinished state, and completed its erection, and afterwards successfully operated the saw-mill in connection with the clearing of timber off his land. He was married during the year of his arrival in King Township, his wife being Elizabeth Simpson, daughter of George Simpson (a highly respected Quaker family residing at the settlement of the Society of Friends, about three miles south of the present Town of Newmarket). There not being at that time any authorized minister residing within eighteen miles of the residence of his wife’s father, the marriage contract was drawn by Mr. William Tyler, Justice of the Peace, and witnessed by a number of relations and friends. The document is still in existence, being in the possession of their eldest son by whom it is preserved as a curiosity. Mr. Baldwin’s wife was born at Kirkbymoorside, Yorkshire, England, in 1808, and came with the remainder of her father’s family to Canada in 1831. The lumber mill of Mr. Baldwin, being the only one in the section at that time, had to supply the demand of a considerable portion of the district, and as a consequence he was more than usually prosperous, although, what with the work of the mill and the additional labour of clearing the land, his resources of strength and endurance were tried to the utmost, but the innate energy he possessed conquered all difficulties and his progress was one of continued success. In the year 1844 he was selected to represent the Township in the District Council, which office he filled to the entire satisfaction of his constituents for several years until 1851, when he was compelled to retire, from the pressure of his own increasing business. In the year 1849 he erected a large first-class flour and grist-mill on the south side of his property and entered largely into that business. The same mill is yet in good order, and is known as Laskay Mills; mainly from this establishment may be said to have sprung the present lively Village of Laskay. But, although his business prospered, Mr. Baldwin about this time suffered a severe loss by the death of his wife, which occurred on August 19, 1851, in her forty-third year. She had throughout her married life been of invaluable assistance to her husband, patient under the discomforts of their early settlement, and exercising by her uninterrupted cheerfulness a bright influence that drove away the care which attends on accumulating business. She had three children who still survive her, two sons and one daughter. Mr. Baldwin felt his loss deeply, and in the interests of his growing family and the general comfort of his home married a second time, his wife being Mrs. Bailey, who proved an affectionate step-mother, dividing her kindness and attention equally between the children of his first wife and her own, of whom they have one son and three daughters still living. Mr. Baldwin transferred his milling business to his second son, George Simpson Baldwin, in 1865, and went into partial retirement, his only occupation being that of farming, the old saw-mill having become dilapidated and unworkable from the wear and tear of age the year previous. In the year 1879 he leased his farm and built a village residence, to which he repaired and retired altogether from active life. He lived but two years, however, to enjoy the ease which the labours of a long and honourable career had earned for him, and in April, 1882, he found refuge in that haven against whose breakwater the storms of life for ever beat in vain. His wife died about three months previous, on December 23, 1881, in the sixty-second year of her age. The cause of Mr. Baldwin’s death was cancer. He was buried in the graveyard of the Methodist Church, along with his two wives and three infant children, that resting-place being on the lot which Mr. Baldwin had presented to the Methodist body for that purpose. Of his character little need be said; the example of a well spent life requires no further testimony than its own acts; and no language of ours will contribute greater honour to his memory than the lesson taught to the rising generation of what may be accomplished in the sure way of gaining the respect of all by closely imitating his mode and manner of life.

Henry Baldwin, proprietor of the woollen mills, Laskay, is the eldest son of the late Joseph Baldwin, and was born in 1835 in the house near the old saw mill to which allusion is made in the biographical sketch of the father. Our subject and his brother, George S. (who was born in 1839), received all the Common School education that it was possible to obtain, with additional completion in Grammar Schools in Barrie and Toronto, and afterwards were thoroughly taught every branch of the father’s business with whom they continued, rendering their united assistance for the general good. Henry in 1856 was established by his father in a general store in Laskay, which he conducted in connection with the other branches of his father’s business; he was subsequently appointed to the position of Postmaster of Laskay, which office he has held for over twenty years. He afterwards added an additional branch to his business and purchased a carding and cloth finishing mill near to the store, which business he yet owns and manages, having recently enlarged it to treble its original size and capacity. The motive power is principally water, although when that fails steam is used. He has also enlarged his store to suit the requirements of increased trade. In the spring of 1862 Mr. Baldwin finding his health beginning to fail on account of the severe strain to which he was subjected by his close application to business, resolved to trust to the benefits likely to accrue from an ocean voyage rather than the doubtful expedient of physicians’ prescriptions, and accordingly sailed from New York in a steamer called the North Star, being the commencement of a journey which had for its termination Victoria, in British Columbia. He had for his travelling companion Mr. William Jenkins, the voyage to Aspinall, in the Caribbean Sea, being described as very enjoyable. After crossing the Darien Isthmus by railroad they embarked on the steamship Orizaba for San Francisco. The boat was very much overcrowded and our passengers suffered severely, but the most miserable existence comes to an end, as did the voyage, and on the twenty-seventh day from leaving New York the travellers found themselves gazing on the horizon of the Pacific from the quays of the Californian Capital. There they remained a few days waiting for a steamer that was to convey them to Victoria, B.C., and on arriving in that city after five days’ sail, their ocean journey may be said to have been completed. The invalid had not trusted his sick body to the care of old Neptune in vain, and on his arrival on the western shores of the Dominion, his health, if not quite restored, was so far improved as to lead to the hope that he would shortly be in the full possession of his strength and vigour. After a short stay at Victoria they went to New Westminster, and from that place boarded the steamer on the Fraser River and travelled to the head of navigation, and thence to the gold mines of Cariboo. They arrived at their destination in safety, after having performed a journey of five hundred miles on foot; but now, not being satisfied with the exorbitant prices demanded for provisions, which added to the doubtful prospect of striking the glittering metal, they concluded to return to Victoria, probably thinking that money was more likely to be got rid of at the mines than found. Their return to Victoria was signalized by the parting between Mr. Jenkins and Mr. Baldwin, the former taking the steamer for San Francisco, from which place he proposed visiting the Californian mines, while the latter, finding the pure air of British Columbia suitable to his health, resolved to remain where he was. The following spring Mr. Baldwin, still unsatisfied with his former trip to the mines, determined upon another journey thither, and accompanied by three others (who, like himself, were anxious to test the truth of the reported rich deposits at Cariboo), commenced their expedition. They each had a mule which they loaded with about three hundred pounds weight of provisions, and thus equipped started from the head of navigation on Fraser River. The second day out they lost one valuable mule by accident, but eventually arrived at the mines without much further trouble or loss. They located at the Town of Richfield, on William’s Creek. A few weeks of hard and dreary toil with shovel and pick convinced our subject that mining has its disadvantages, especially when the labour is unremunerative; that is to say, when the gold for which they were in search most unaccountably happened to be absent from that part where their claim was located. A continuation of ill-luck, which appeared to have become chronic, induced him to adopt the slow but sure process of earning a living in the trade to which he had from youth upwards been accustomed, and accordingly he went to work in a saw-mill, for which he received good wages; but which at the same time entailed on him long hours of employment with a continuity of work through the entire seven days of the week, Sunday not being recognized as a day of rest at the “Diggings.” By this and mining, Mr. Baldwin managed to accumulate considerable capital during his over seven years’ residence in British Columbia, although at times from investing too hopefully—miner like—he lost on some occasions portions of his savings. In the fall of 1869 the idea occurred to him that a return to his birthplace for the purpose of winding up his affairs there would be the correct and necessary thing to do previous to settling in British Columbia for good. He arrived at Laskay, York County, on December 9, 1879, and at the solicitation of his friends and relatives was prevailed upon to remain and return to his old business. He recommenced the general store and the carding and cloth mills, which he conducted successfully until 1882, when he disposed of the general store part of the business and has since only carried on the woollen factory. Mr. Baldwin was married in September, 1878, to Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Lewis, a pioneer of Markham Township; her mother, Mary Lewis, is of Dutch descent and is still living, the father having died November, 1884, in his eighty-second year. Mr. Baldwin’s wife died March 20, 1880; two children (twins) still survive her, viz.:—Thomas Lewis and George Henry, healthy and promising boys.

Thomas Barradell, lot 25, concession 5, was born in England in 1827, and came to Canada in 1851. He hired out as farm and mill hand, and afterwards rented a farm for a few years. He bought his present farm in 1876. He has two children: William, born 1861; and Ida, born 1862.

Thomas Bateman, lot 25, concession 11, is the son of the late Mr. Stephen Bateman, who emigrated from England to this country in 1849: he died in 1855. Thomas was born in England in 1818, and emigrated at the same time as his father, and settled on the farm where he now lives. He was twice married. By his first wife he has three children living: Milton, James and Joseph. He has one son by his second marriage: John, born in 1862.

Walter Beasley, lot 4, concession 10, is the son of William Beasley, mentioned elsewhere, and was born on the old homestead on concession 9 of King, and inherited his present farm from his father.

William Beasley, deceased, was descended from a U. E. Loyalist family, and was born in the Bay of Quinté District in 1812. He early acquired the trade of carpenter, and on coming to York County located in King Township in 1840, and followed that trade in connection with farming, he having purchased the east half of lot 8, concession 9. In 1872 he purchased the east half of lot 4 and part of lot 5, concession 10, where he resided until his death in 1874. His widow, one son and a daughter still reside on the same lot. His wife’s maiden name was Miss Ruterbough, of Vaughan Township, by whom he had eight children: five are still living. John Beasley, lot 8, concession 9, is the eldest son of the late William Beasley, and was born on the old homestead, where he has ever since resided. In addition to the careful attention he has paid to the raising of crops, the breeding of cattle has occupied a considerable portion of his time, he having at present some very fine thoroughbred shorthorns. Mr. Beasley has been appointed a Justice of the Peace, which was a very wise selection. He has also held the office of Township Collector for many years past. He was married in 1869 to Miss Kurtz, by whom he had three children, two of whom are living: William J. and Victoria E. Mr. Beasley is a Reformer in politics. He is an active member of the Good Templars and Grange organizations. He is also a commissioner for taking affidavits, conveyancer, etc., and recording steward of the Kleinburg circuit of the Methodist Church; altogether taking an active part in local affairs.

James Bell was born in Scotland in 1810, and emigrated to Canada in 1831. He navigated the lake for a few years, and then bought a farm near Guelph, which was at the time complete bush. He cleared his land with the help of his son James; by their united efforts it was soon under cultivation. Mr. Bell’s wife, whose maiden name was Mary Cairns, died the year subsequent to their arrival in this country: two of their children are living—James and Jane. Mr. Bell came to Canada without means, but has been very successful: he is still living on the old place. James Bell, jun’r, was born in Scotland in 1827, and was only four years old when his father brought him to Canada. He was married in 1854 to Miss Margaret McCallum: they had five children, four of whom are living—Duncan, Adam, James, and Elizabeth. He is in religion a Presbyterian, and in politics a Reformer. A fine large brick church stands on an acre of ground presented by Mr. Bell.

John Black, lot 14, concession 1. His parents came to Canada in 1800, and settled in the Province of Quebec, where the subject of this notice was born in 1818. His father was accidentally killed in Quebec, and his mother afterwards removed to York County. In early life John was employed variously, and in 1840 he commenced farming. He bought the farm on which he now resides in 1843, and also purchased lot 2, concession 3. By thrift and constant attention he has been moderately successful, and has been enabled to divide a fair share of his accumulation among his children. He was married in 1840 to Araminta Hillier, by whom he had nine children; seven are still living, viz., Jerad, Joel, Zemas, John, Margaret, Mary, and Maria. Mr. Black took an active part during the Mackenzie Rebellion, and for the sympathy and assistance he gave towards that movement was imprisoned for a time by the Government.

Absalom Blaker, lot 21, concession 2, is of German extraction. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1808, and came to Canada in 1828. He located first in Toronto, where he worked at the trade of carpenter for a few years, making trips to the United States at intervals. He then went to Newmarket and started the first foundry in that section, which he has conducted for close upon ten years. He subsequently bought his present farm, which he has continued to reside upon. He espoused Miss Eunice Hutchinson, by whom he has had seven children, three only of whom are now living, viz., Henry, born in 1837; Charles, born 1841; and Margaret, born 1843.

Thomas Borden, retired, was born in King Township, York County, in 1822, being the son of Joseph Borden, who emigrated from the United States to Canada in the year 1800. Mr. Borden, sen’r, purchased property in concession 8 of King Township, where he raised a family of three children, and remained there until his death in 1868. Thomas, on commencing life for himself, bought some land on lot 25, concession 6, in his native township, which he successfully cultivated until 1883, when he retired and purchased his present residence in Lloydtown. He married in 1857 Jane Dale, of King Township: the issue of this union is a family of eight children. Mr. Borden is a Reformer in politics, and belongs to the English Church.

William Breedon, deceased, was born in England in 1791, and emigrated to Canada with his family in 1829. He was a shoemaker by trade, which business he followed after his arrival here, and in 1834 purchased land on lot 6, concession 10, in King Township, which, with the assistance of his sons, he succeeded in clearing. His occupation hitherto having been of a sedentary nature, and he himself being totally unacquainted with the hardships and privations of pioneer life, as may be imagined he found the work of preparing wild land for cultivation somewhat uncongenial work; but energy and a determination to conquer triumphed over discomfort, and all difficulties were eventually overcome. The result was that he left to his family a fine property and the example of a well-spent life. William Breedon, eldest son of the above, was born in England, and came to Canada with his parents when only eight years old. He was early initiated into all the hardships of pioneer life, and assisted to clear his father’s farm. He bought his present farm in 1842, which he has much improved. He was married in 1842 to Elizabeth Harman, by whom he had one son, William J.

W. J. Brereton, physician, was born in Simcoe County in 1846, being one of a family of six children born to Mr. C. S. Brereton, who emigrated from England and took up his residence in Simcoe County at an early date. W. J. Brereton received a thorough English education in the Common School, which he completed at the High School, subsequently graduating at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Ontario, in 1871. He bought and located at his present residence the same year, and in 1872 married the eldest daughter of the late Mr. H. Lount, of Barrie. He has four children living: Cloudsley H., born October 25, 1873; Ewart L., born 1876; Clara, born 1879; Ottie, born 1882 and died 1884; Mandall Schovell, born June, 1884. He is a Conservative in politics, and in religion a member of the Church of England.

James Brett, lot 6, concession 4, was born in Willowdale in 1841, being the son of the late John Brett, who emigrated from England in 1836 and settling in York County located at Willowdale. Mr. Brett, sen’r, was confined during the Rebellion of 1837, and was ever after a strenuous supporter of Reform. He died in 1884, at the age of seventy-five years. James lived on the old homestead until he was nineteen years of age, and was then apprenticed to the waggon-making trade. He commenced business for himself at Thornhill; but shortly afterwards removed to his present stand, where he does a large trade, and manufactures all kinds of waggon and carriage wood work, together with painting and trimming. He runs a blacksmith’s business in connection. He was married in 1866 to Miss Carley, daughter of Peter Carley; they have three children: George E., James O. and John L. W. He is a Reformer in politics, and in religion a Methodist.

James Brown, lot 1, concession 3, was born in the North of Ireland in the year 1800. He is a weaver by trade, and came to Canada in 1840, having spent seven years previously in the United States. He followed his business after his arrival here, having taken possession of his present farm, which was then all bush, he having cleared and otherwise improved it at intervals. He was married in Ireland in 1821 to Mary Stewart, by whom he has five children living: George, Robert, William, James and Mary. Mr. Brown belongs to the Church of England, and is a Conservative in politics.

John R. Brown, retired farmer, Lloydtown, is descended from an Irish family, who settled in Pennsylvania, U. S., at an early day. John R. came to Canada in 1830, and settled in York County, and during the Rebellion of 1837 was arrested for complicity in the rising. He was imprisoned for eight months, and afterwards banished from the country. He returned again after an absence of two years, and purchased lot 26, concession 8 of King Township, for which he paid eight dollars per acre. He has been very prosperous, and has erected for himself and family, at considerable expense, a handsome and commodious brick residence. He retired from active life in 1880, and is now living in ease and comfort on the fruit of his past labour. He married in 1840 Mary Price, a native of Pennsylvania; they have a family of eleven children, as follow: Charles, Martha, Angelina, Louisa, George W., Franklin, John N., Martin, Josiah, Mary and Evaline. Mr. Brown is a Methodist in religion, and a Reformer in politics.

John Brown, blacksmith, was born in England in 1823. His father was Thomas Brown, who emigrated with his wife and family to Canada in 1830. Mr. Brown settled first in the County of York, where he bought some land, which he afterwards sold, and then moved to Wilmot Township, Waterloo County. He died there at a good old age, having in his connection with the section made himself highly respected. John was about seven years of age when he came to Canada. He was at the age of fifteen apprenticed to the trade of blacksmith, and after serving a term of five years, commenced his present extensive and profitable business. He married Miss Elizabeth Thompson, of this township, by whom he has two children living, Louisa and Ivon H. Mr. Brown is a Methodist in religion, and a Reformer in politics.

James Burns, lot 6, concession 4, is a native of Scotland, and came to Canada in 1834. He located on his present lot the same year, which was then entirely bush, to which he has since added the adjacent lot (5). He has given agricultural matters the greater portion of his attention, yet for twenty-five years Mr. Burns operated a saw mill, and also a grist mill on Manitoulin Island, where he owns about six hundred acres of land. Mr. Burns has accumulated this property notwithstanding loss from fires, etc. He was married in 1837 to Miss Mary McPhearson, of Scotland, who died in 1881. She had five children, four of whom survive her: John, Catharine, William and James. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and is a Reformer in politics. As an instance of the state of the country at the period of Mr. Burns’ first location, money was so scarce that months often passed by without those in the more remote settlements seeing a single piece of silver.

Frederick Burrows, lot 15, concession 3, is one of a class of men to whom has been given the peculiar privilege of making the best of opportunities. Originally a furniture polisher and finisher, he worked at that business for a time after he came to Canada in 1837, and subsequently purchased land in King Township; his intention was to devote the remainder of his life to agriculture. However, the fact of the non-existence of roads and other attributes to personal comfort and convenience dissuaded him from continuing the cultivation of his property, and he returned to Toronto to follow the business in which he had previously been engaged. In 1852, on the completion of some of the railroads, he returned to his lot, cut and sold the timber, and erected a saw mill which was the first steam saw mill in King Township, and soon put his land in a high state of productiveness, which he has since been enabled to keep up to the average. He is a native of Ireland, and was born in the year 1816. He was married in New York to Martha Potts, a native of Ireland, by whom he has had five children, three only are now living, viz: Frederick is a School Inspector of Lennox County; James, a farmer in Grey County, and John has a farm in this township. Although getting somewhat advanced in years, Mr. Burrows is still an active man, and superintends all the business of his farm. He is a Reformer in politics.

Joseph Butler, lot 29, concession 4, is the son of Joseph Butler, sen’r, and was born in England in 1832. He came to Canada in 1854 without funds, and worked some years as a farm hand. He afterwards rented land and finally purchased the farm where he now lives, which he has himself cleared and made highly productive. In addition he owns seventy-five acres in the New Survey. He married Charlotte Mumford, a native of England, by whom he has seven children living. He is a Conservative in politics, and in religion belongs to the Methodist Church.

John Nelson Byers, physician and surgeon, was born in 1842. His father was Samuel Byers, a native of Ireland, who settled in York County in 1834. He participated in the Rebellion of 1837, and died in the year 1874 in Ontario County. The subject of this sketch had the advantage of a good sound education, and in 1868 graduated as M.D. from Victoria College. He first began practice in Muskoka in 1868, and in 1875 located at Lloydtown, where he has since remained. He married in 1867 Miss Hadwen, of English birth, by whom he has five children. He is a Conservative in politics. Mr. Byers’ maternal great-grandfather and grandfather, John Rouse, were U.E. Loyalists, having emigrated from Pennsylvania, U. S., in 1812; their property was confiscated by the American Government.

Adam Cairns, lot 12, concession 10, was born in Scotland in 1802, and in 1831 emigrated to Canada. He settled in York County and purchased the lot where he now lives, it being then quite uncleared and in its virgin state. Mr. Cairns is a living example of what maybe accomplished by energy, perseverance and industry; and considering the fact that he was in very poor circumstances when he first landed, his present affluent position will attest to his having made use of the inherent qualities of his nationality to advantage. He married before he came to Canada Catharine McFarland, by whom he had nine children, seven of whom are living: Thomas, Mary, Duncan, John, Margaret, Agnes and Janet. He belongs to the Presbyterian Church. Duncan Cairns, one of the above, was born on the old homestead, where he has continued to reside, assisting his father in the cultivation of the farm. He married Janet Boyd, daughter of Malcolm Boyd, by whom he has a family of nine children.

James Cairns was born in Scotland in 1808, and emigrated to Canada in 1834. He settled in York County and remained a year or two in Vaughan Township, after which he bought lot 15, concession 9, King Township, then in a wild state. He was married to Miss Isabella McMurchy, by whom he had eleven children; six are still living, viz: Nancy, James, Thomas (who lives on the homestead), Archibald, Martha and Janet. Thomas was born in 1849, and married Margaret Atkinson; they have one child.

Joseph Cairns, lot 13, concession 10, is the son of the late John Cairns, and was born on the old homestead, which he now owns, in 1850. His father emigrated from Scotland in 1830, and settled on a bush farm in Vaughan which he had purchased. He subsequently sold that one, and removed to King Township and settled on lot 13, concession 10, where he remained until his death in 1880, leaving a family of eleven children. Joseph Cairns was married to Christina Watson, by whom he has three children: William John, Kelso C. and Learat L.

William Cairns, lot 11, concession 9, is the son of John Cairns, of this township, and was born on the old homestead, lot 13, concession 10. He married Miss Ellen Watson. He purchased his present farm in 1881.

Reverend John W. Cameron was born in New York State in 1851, and received a very fair education in his youth. He entered at Knox College in 1874, and graduated B.A. in 1881, having devoted much time to theological studies. He was ordained to the ministry the same year in which he graduated, and was immediately invited to take charge of the Presbyterian Church at Laskay. He has also charge of churches in the west of King Township; the three under his control having a membership of one hundred and seventy-five, having considerably increased since the reverend gentleman took charge. The churches are all comfortable frame buildings. He was married in 1882 to Miss Maggie Lockhart, of Toronto, by whom he has one child, Mary Frances.

Archibald Campbell, lot 2, concession 7, was born in Scotland in the year 1829, and came to Canada with his parents when only two years of age. His father, Dougal Campbell, emigrated from Scotland to Canada in 1831, accompanied by his wife and four children. He bought a farm in Albion Township, and afterwards removed to near Thornhill, in York County, where he died in 1860. Archibald was brought up to farming, and on commencing on his own account bought the farm he now occupies in King Township. He was married in 1850 to Milcha, daughter of George Atkinson, of Markham, by whom he has the following issue: Mary Margaret, Alexander, John, Jerome, Aaron, Archibald, Sarah and Esmerelda.

Abraham Carley, deceased, emigrated from New York State to Canada in 1831, and settled near what is now the Village of Thornhill, in York County. He commenced farming about one hundred acres; he was very successful, and subsequently bought two hundred acres of bush land on lot 7, concession 5, which, with the assistance of his sons, he cleared and cultivated. He died in 1864, after a useful and prosperous career, leaving a large estate to his children, seven in number. In religion he was a Methodist, and in politics a Conservative. Benjamin Carley, lot 7, concession 5, son of the above, was born in New York State in 1814, and was seventeen years old when he came to Canada with his parents. He had a Common School education and has throughout his life been accustomed to farming. He assisted to clear the home farm, where he has since continued to reside. He belongs to the Methodist Church, and is a Reformer in politics. Mr. Carley was married in 1837 to Miss Martha Clark, who originally emigrated from Pennsylvania; their family consisted of ten children, nine of them are living, as follow: Abraham, Sarah, Charles (dead), Nancy, Alfred, Charlotte, William, Lavinia, Martha and Mary.

A. D. Carley, lot 7, concession 5, was born in the year 1846 on the farm which he at present owns and occupies. His father was Peter B. Carley, who came with his parents from Genesee County, New York State, and inherited from our subject’s grandfather the farm above mentioned, to which he added another twenty-five acres, and subsequently acquired fifty acres in concession 3. During the Rebellion of 1837 he took no part; but on one occasion narrowly escaped being killed by a mob of men armed with clubs. He was prosperous throughout his life, and died in the year 1872, at the age of fifty-six. He left a family of nine children, all of whom are living. A. D. Carley inherited the old homestead, consisting of seventy-five acres, which he has worked since his father’s death. Mr. Carley spent about one year in Manitoba previous to taking entire possession of his farm. He also works one hundred acres adjoining the old homestead. He was married in 1875 to Miss Dutcher, of Innisfil, by whom he has two children: William B. and Francis A. O. He belongs to the Methodist Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

Reverend James Carmichael was born in the Ottawa Valley, near Carleton Place, in 1828, his early years having been spent on his father’s farm. His preliminary education was received at the Common Schools, and at the age of sixteen he commenced teaching, which he continued only for a short time; subsequently preparing for his University course, having to walk five miles for each lesson. He entered at Queen’s College, Kingston, in 1854, where he remained five sessions, and afterwards finished his course at Glasgow, Scotland. In 1860 he was ordained, and accepted a call from St. Andrew’s congregation, of King Township—a large, well-finished stone church, on lot 10, concession 6, where he has officiated for the past twenty-five years. During the early portion of his residence in the township the reverend gentleman preached in Gaelic, as well as in English, often preaching as many as five sermons in one day. He was married in 1855 to Miss Martha Ross, who died on March 24, 1884. He has two sons, Norman Ross and Fergus.

Orlin Chappel, lot 26, concession 3, was born in New York State in 1810, and came to Canada shortly after reaching man’s estate. He settled in York County, and worked around among farmers for a few years. He then bought lot 26, concession 3, in King Township, which was then all bush; he cleared it, and has now got it into a fine state of cultivation. He has since added eight acres to the original purchase. Mr. Chappel in 1865 received a permanent spinal injury from the fall of a horse he was riding, since which time he has unfortunately been confined to his residence. He was married in 1837 to Miss Melinda Heacock, daughter of Edward Heacock, by whom he has three children, viz: Edward, born 1838; Loomis, born 1842, and Lorinda, born 1850. During the Mackenzie Revolt Mr. Chappel was arrested and kept prisoner for one week; the official to whom he was indebted for this circumstance was Captain Guthrie. Mr. Chappel is a Reformer in politics, and in religion he belongs to the Society of Friends.

Reverend Horace D. Cooper was born in Huron County, being the son of the Rev. H. C. Cooper, a clergyman of the Church of England, who emigrated from London, England, in 1832, and settled in Huron County. The reverend gentleman in 1848 removed to York County, and took charge of Christ Church at Mimico. Horace D. received a liberal education and obtained his degree of B.A. at Trinity College in 1859. He was ordained by Bishop Strachan in 1861, and was subsequently engaged in missionary work. He was appointed to the charge of St. Mary Magdalene’s Church at Lloydtown in 1883, which consists of some three hundred members. He married a daughter of Peter Ruthven, of Hamilton, in July, 1864 by whom he has a family of ten children, as follow: Peter E. S. was born in 1865; Henry W., born 1866; Horace Stanley, born 1868; Vivian L., born 1869; Alfred St. Paul, born 1871; Sextus R. born 1873; Percy F., born 1876; Ethel M., born 1878; Ernest Octavius, born 1879, and an infant, born October 19, 1884.

James Cooper, lot 35, concession 9, is the son of William Cooper, who emigrated from England to Canada in 1842 and settled in York County. James was born the same year in which his parents came to this country, and received a Common School education. He was married to Jeanette Beaton, daughter of Donald Beaton, by whom he has five children, viz., John, Hettie, Donald, William, and James. Mr. Cooper is a Reformer in politics.

Robert Creighton, merchant, Schomberg, was born in Simcoe County in the year 1860, being the son of Alexander Creighton, who emigrated from Ireland in the year 1820, and after a life of activity and usefulness died in 1873. Robert was educated at the High Collegiate Institute at Collingwood and the Commercial School in London, and in 1883 commenced business as a general grocer and dry-goods merchant in partnership with Edmund Walker. He bought the property where he conducts the business, having paid for the same $2,000. His trade is a very flourishing one, Mr. Creighton being a very enterprising and industrious young man.

N. P. Crossley, retired farmer, King Township, was born in Whitchurch, York County, in 1811. His father was Samuel Crossley, a native of Pennsylvania, who died in 1831. His mother’s name was Mary Barr, also of Pennsylvania, who died in 1860 at the advanced age of over ninety years. Their family consisted of four boys and four girls. They emigrated from Pennsylvania to Canada in 1804, and followed the occupation of farming in York County. N. P. Crossley, like his parents, followed agricultural pursuits until within the past few years, when he retired from active life. He was married in King Township in 1832 to Margaret Moore, who was born in Ireland in 1812, being the daughter of Thomas and Mary Moore; they had four boys and three girls, as follow: Levi Nelson, engineer; James Whiting, insurance agent and bailiff; Daniel Oliver, and Hugh Thomas (the two last-named are ministers of the Methodist Church); Mary, Ellen, and Ann Jane are the daughters. Mr. Crossley’s eldest son, Levi Nelson, was drowned in the fall of 1881, through the foundering of the steamship Columbia in Lake Michigan, of which vessel he was chief engineer. Mr. Crossley belongs to the Methodist persuasion, and is a Reformer in politics.

Andrew Davis is descended from a U. E. Loyalist family. His grandfather, Asahel Davis, came from Carolina in 1790, and settled in Halton County, Governor Simcoe at that time sending a gunboat to the mouth of the Genessee River to meet two families, that of Mr. Davis being one and Mr. Ghent’s the other. Asahel devoted the greater portion of his life to farming in Nelson Township, County Halton, where he remained until his death. James Davis, the eldest son of Asahel Davis, and father of Andrew, was born in 1798. His wife’s maiden name was Ghent, a descendant of the family that came to Canada with Mr. Davis’s family; they had five children, four of whom are still living. In 1828 he came to York County, and settled on lot 20, concession 1, York Township (west of Yonge Street). Andrew, the subject of this sketch, was born in Halton County in 1825, and was brought up on his father’s farm. He acquired a Common School education, and at the age of fifteen commenced work. His father operated a tannery, in which in due time Mr. Davis had a partnership, and which finally passed into his possession completely. In 1848 he married Elizabeth Pease, who was born June 6, 1822. He carried on the tannery until 1856, when he sold out and bought a tannery and sixteen acres on lot 6, concession 5, King Township, where he conducted business until 1884, when he retired in favour of his son, who for about twelve years previous had held an interest in the business. Mr. Davis has taken an active part in municipal affairs, and in politics has always recorded his vote for the Reform party. He is an adherent of the Methodist Church. His family is composed of the following: Elihu James, now owner of the tannery; Ghent; Edward Pease, now practising law in Winnipeg; and Lelia Ada.

E. J. Davis, eldest son of the above, and successor of his father in the tannery business, was born in the Township of York in 1851. He was educated at the Common and District Grammar Schools, and took a commercial course in Hamilton. Mr. Davis is a thorough business man, and his connection with the Township Council has been found of great service to that body, he having been Councillor, Deputy-Reeve and County Warden, and being at present Reeve of King Township. He was married to Miss Maggie Johnston, who was born in King Township, October 25, 1849, being a daughter of David and Janet (Lang) Johnston, by whom he has four children.

Calvin Davis, lot 34, concession 4, is the son of Thomas Davis, who came to Canada with his parents in 1806 from Pennsylvania, and settled in what is now King Township, York County. Calvin was born on the old homestead in 1820, and after receiving a Common School education he commenced to assist his father in the cultivation of the farm, where he remained until he was twenty-one years of age. He then bought the farm where he now lives, which was entire bush, he having since that time cleared and improved it. Besides the activity and energy with which he has followed agricultural pursuits he has given some attention to matters municipal, and was for some years Collector and Assessor of the township. Mr. Davis was married in 1840, his wife being a daughter of William Lloyd. They have ten children, all living and in good positions, viz., Nancy, Thomas, Lizzie, Walter, Murdoch, Lot, Ella, Meade, Susan, and Daniel.

Daniel Davis was born in Whitchurch in 1827, and commenced life as a farmer, working with his father until twenty-four years of age. He then bought a farm in Tecumseth Township, on lot 23, concession 1, where he continued to live until 1882, when he acquired his present residence in the suburb of Schomberg. He married in 1852 Miss Annie Irwin, daughter of Thomas Irwin, of Simcoe County; they have one son, Walter, born in 1857.

Levi Dennis, mill owner, Schomberg, was born in Newmarket in 1816. His father, Nathan Dennis, emigrated from Pennsylvania, U. S., in 1806, and located on lot 31, concession 1, King Township, where he brought up his family. Levi was the second eldest in a family of eight children, four sons and four daughters, and after receiving a good education he commenced in 1840 on his own account by erecting mills in Simcoe, in 1858 purchasing one hundred acres of land in King, York County, which he continued to cultivate until 1882. In 1875 he bought the mill which he now operates, and which has turned out a very profitable one, being in excellent running order. Mr. Dennis married in 1845 Lydia Clarke; they have seven children living, viz., Urania, Jonathan, Sherman, Adelaide, Alfred, William, and Henrietta. The daughters are married and comfortably settled. The mother died in 1882. The residence and grounds of Mr. Dennis have every evidence of diligence and careful attention.

Alfred Eastwood, druggist, deceased, Schomberg, was the son of Anthony Eastwood, who emigrated from England in 1844, and bought the property now in the possession of his widow. Alfred was born at Lloydtown in 1847, where in due time he received his education; afterwards attending the High School in Barrie. He acquired his diploma as Pharmaceutist from the Ontario College in 1871, and began business in 1874, having purchased the property, the size of the store being 16 x 36 feet. He was married in 1868 to Miss Caroline Thompson, daughter of Mr. William Thompson of Lloydtown, by whom he had four children as follow: Norman, born 1872; Blanche, born 1875; Paul, born 1879, and Alvin Clare, born 1883. He died January 15, 1885.

J. B. Edwards, lot 21, concession 3, was born in England, in 1822, and came to Canada with his father, the late George Edwards, in 1837. The latter settled in King Township, and hired out for a few years. He subsequently bought lot 20, concession 2, where he lived until his death in 1880. J. B. Edwards, following the example of his father, worked out for a few years and bought his present farm in 1862. He was married in 1843 to Miss Ellen Lloyd, daughter of Norman Lloyd, by whom he has six children living: Elizabeth, Henry, Matilda, William, Fanny and Ira. In politics Mr. Edwards is a Reformer.

Thomas Ferguson, part of lots 4 and 5, concession 2, is the son of John Ferguson of this township, and grandson of the late Thomas Ferguson, mentioned in another sketch. He was born at his father’s residence, lot 10, concession 3, and after receiving a Common School education he commenced farming, and also assisted his father to run the saw mill. He was married in 1875 to Miss Flora McCallum of King Township, and soon after moved to his present farm, which formerly belonged to his grandfather. The issue of this marriage is three children, viz: John S., Thomas L., and Peter E. He is a Presbyterian and a Reformer.

Thomas Ferguson, deceased, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, where he learned the trade of weaver. He came to Canada in 1820, and soon after purchased land, lots 4 and 5 in concession 2 of King Township, where he worked at his trade and carried on farming at the same time. His farm was at first complete bush land, but by dint of hard work he cleared the greater part of it which he soon got into fine condition. He was very prosperous and acquired considerable wealth, and on his death in 1852 he left his widow and eight children in very comfortable circumstances. John, his eldest son, was born in New York City, while his parents were en route for Canada. He received a Common School education, and on commencing for himself in 1847 he bought the last part of lot 10, concession 3, where he built a saw mill, which he has since operated. In addition he owns the west half of lot 13, concession 3. He takes a lively interest in political matters, being a Reformer. He is an adherent of the Presbyterian Church. He was married in 1848 to Margaret, daughter of George Stewart, an early settler in the township, who emigrated from the North of Ireland to Canada in the year 1823. He purchased lot 11, concession 4, on which he settled about 1828, and died in 1863.

Thomas Ferguson, last parts of lots 12, 13 and 14, concession 3, the second son of the late Thomas Ferguson, the remainder of whose family constitutes the following: Margaret, eldest daughter, married to Walter Scott, residing in Aurora; Alexander, the third son, was born on Yonge Street, and is now living in Jasper County, Missouri; Hugh, the fourth son, was born in King Township, now living in the Township of Downie, Perth County; Catharine, the second daughter, was born in King Township, and is married to George Burrows, resides in Simcoe County ; Mark L., born in King Township, and at present living on part of the old homestead; Mary S., youngest daughter, was born in King, and died at the age of twenty-three years. Thomas Ferguson was born near Thornhill in 1820. He had a Common School education, and since he began for himself has devoted his time to farming. He owns a good deal of land in the township. He married in 1847 Frances Wade of England, by whom he had ten children, six of whom only are living, viz: Thomas K., John H., Hugh, William, Elizabeth and Joshua. Mr. Ferguson is a Reformer in politics, and a Presbyterian in religion. John H. Ferguson, lot 18, concession 3, son of the above, was born in 1854 in King Township, and took possession of his present home in 1872. He married Miss McNaughton, of this township, their issue being three children: Ellen, Annie, and Mary F. In religion and politics his principles are in accordance with those of the family.

John Fleury, lot 69, concession 1, is the son of Joseph Fleury, who emigrated from Lower Canada in 1810, and settled on the above mentioned lot, which he purchased in 1815. Mr. Fleury, sen’r, served during the War of 1812, and was at the Battle of York. On locating on the farm he went to work and cleared it, and after considerable trouble and labour placed it under a proper state of cultivation. His life was one of usefulness and consequent prosperity, and his death, which occurred in 1860, was much regretted by the neighbourhood. John Fleury was born on the old homestead which he inherited, in 1818, and after receiving a limited education, he commenced to assist his father in the work of cultivating the farm. His application, combined with industrious habits, secured for him a knowledge of all the details of agriculture, and evidently led to that prosperity which has been his deserving lot. During the Rebellion of 1837 Mr. Fleury’s strong Reform proclivities induced him to take up arms in the rash and adventurous policy which the actions of the Family Compact almost forced upon the impulsive William Lyon Mackenzie. Mr. Fleury was taken prisoner, and suffered confinement for a period. Our subject was married in 1840 to Esther Harman, daughter of William Harman; they had a family of sixteen children, ten of whom are still living, viz.: William, Obadiah, Alfred, John, Walter, Ira, Susan, Mary, Matilda and Diana. Mr. Fleury attends the Methodist Church.

Gilbert Folliot, lot 6, concession 2, is a native of England, and was born in 1813, being the son of Jonathan Folliot. He was brought up to farming, and on coming to Canada in 1832, he settled in King Township, York County, where he purchased a tract of wild land which his enterprise and industry have changed into his present compact and well-tilled farm. He was married in 1833 to Miss Hall, likewise from England, who died in 1852. They had four children, three of whom are living, viz: James, Gilbert and Jonathan. He is a Presbyterian in religion, and belongs to the Reform Party. Mr. Folliot, although over seventy years of age, continues hale and hearty, and attends to his vocations with as much zest as ever, and the wish is that he may long be spared to enjoy the pleasures which are provided on earth for those whose lives are spent usefully and well.

John Folliot, lot 6, concession 2, is the son of Thomas Folliot, sen’r, of this township, and was born on the old homestead in 1851. He was educated at the Common School, since which time he has followed farming, and has devoted his time and energies to the improvement of his farm and also to stock raising. He was married in 1880 to Miss Agnes Johnston, daughter of David Johnston, by whom he has one child, a daughter named Jennie Mary, born in 1881. He is a Presbyterian in religion, and a Reformer in politics.

Thomas Folliott, undertaker and dealer in general house furnishings, was born on lot 6, concession 2, in King Township, being the son of Thomas Folliott, sen’r, of this section. He was born in 1842, and for a short time after leaving school followed farming. He subsequently learned the carriage making business under his brother, and then travelled in various lines of business for a number of years. In 1879 he built the store and residence which he at present occupies, and opened a furniture store, tin-ware and general house furnishing business, with which he combined that of undertaker, possessing all the requisites for conducting funerals in first-class style. He is also agent for the Royal A. Sewing Machine, manufactured in Hamilton. Mr. Folliott is a good business man, being enterprising, industrious and thoroughly reliable, qualities which insure success in life in any business. He has been twice married, first to Miss Hannah Draper, and secondly to Miss Turkington in 1879. He has three children, viz: W. Thomas, Edith H. and Sadie A. He belongs to the Presbyterian Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

Charles Fry, lot 10, concession 8, was born in Somersetshire, England, in 1804, and emigrated to Canada in 1832. He located in King Township, York County, on lot 10, concession 8, and lot 11, concession 9, a considerable portion of which was then uncleared, and which has since been placed under good cultivation. He was married in 1837 to Miss Shrooks, daughter of Mr. William Shrooks, by whom he has seven children living, viz.: John, Henry, Thomas, James, Elizabeth, Mary, and Jane. Mr. Fry is a Conservative in politics, and a member of the Church of England. Henry Fry, lot 11, concession 9, is the second son of the above, and was born on the old homestead in 1851. He was married in 1879 to Miss Jane Addison, daughter of Mr. John Addison; they have two children, Charles A. and Mary Ethel.

James Fuller, lot 17, concession 11, was born in England in 1824, and came to Canada with his father in 1831. His father, Samuel Fuller, bought some bush land in King Township, but died about four years after his settlement. James was one of a family of six children, and as may be surmised from the condition of the country, he received but a meagre education. Although only about twelve years old when his father died, young James showed unusual energy, and adapted himself to the work of clearing the farm and making the home for his mother comfortable, which he succeeded in doing. In 1842 he purchased his present farm, which from its wildness had to have the same amount of labour spent upon it as the one which his father first located upon. He was married to Anna Jackson, by whom he has a family of seven children living. Mr. Fuller has now a very comfortable home which he is able to appreciate and enjoy, after the toil and privations which attended upon his earlier years. He is a Reformer in politics.

John Godson, deceased, was born in England, and emigrated to Canada in 1839. He at first occupied a farm on Yonge Street, where he continued two years, subsequently purchasing lot 16, concession 10, in King Township, which was then in its wild state. He entered with earnestness and energy into the work of chopping and clearing, and in due time he had the satisfaction of knowing that his earlier labour was receiving recompense. He lived many years to enjoy the fruits of his industry, and in the year 1881 died, leaving a widow and seven children. The children are still living and in prosperous circumstances, but his widow only survived him about one year. Joseph Godson, lot 16, concession 10, is the eldest son of the above and came into possession of the home farm on his father’s demise, which he has since continued to cultivate. He married Anna Atkinson, by whom he has two children, Mary and John Henry. He is a Methodist in religion, and tenders his support to the Reform Party.

William Graham, lot 35, concession 10, was born in the year 1849. His father, Donald Graham, emigrated from Scotland in 1840, and coming to Canada settled in King Township, York County, and for the first few years followed his trade of blacksmith, which he afterwards gave up in favour of farming. William received a good Common School education, and until about five years ago remained with his father on the homestead. In 1879 he rented the farm he at present lives on, and his industry and economical habits render it no difficult task to prophesy that prosperity for him is within measurable distance. The maiden name of his wife was Elizabeth McDevitt; they have three children, viz.: Ella Mary, Laura Mabel and Annie Matilda.

Alexander Hall, lot 28, concession 12, was born in England in 1827, and came to Canada with his parents when an infant. His father was a carpenter by trade and emigrated to this country in 1830; he took up his residence first in Toronto, and worked upon the old Parliament Buildings, then in process of construction. He afterwards moved to the Township of King, where he took up land on lots 27 and 28, concession 12, and occupied himself with farming and the lumber business until his death in 1873. Alexander received a Common School education, and was afterwards employed in running the saw mill on his father’s place. He has besides given considerable time and attention to farming. In the year 1855 he married Mary Burnham, by whom he has three children as follow: Thomas, born 1858; George, born 1861, and Isabella, born 1857.

Charles Hambly, concession 9, lot 2, was born in Nova Scotia in the year 1808, and came to Upper Canada in 1828. A few years after his arrival he purchased from the Canada Company two hundred acres of land in concession 9, which from complete bush he, by energetic perseverance, converted into a good productive farm. As a matter of fact, he had absolutely to cut his way to his property, such then being the sparsity of settlement. He afterwards purchased six hundred acres of land, which has since come under the plough. Mr. Hambly has only served one year in the Township Council. Notwithstanding a very serious loss originating from a fire, Mr. Hambly has by industry and economy accumulated a very large estate. He was married in 1833 to Miss Mary Ann Hambly, daughter of William Hambly; they have seven children, viz.: William, Edwin, Charles, David, John, James, Bella and Elizabeth. He attends the Methodist Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

John Hanlan, lot 27, concession 9, was born in the North of Ireland in the year 1815, and emigrated to Canada in 1835. He worked in Peterboro’ County for the first twelve months after his arrival, and then moved to York County, where he purchased lots 26 and 27, concession 10, in the Township of King, where he still resides, and in addition owns lot 27, concession 9, now occupied by his son George, whose sketch appears below. In 1840 he married Catharine Bell, of Tecumseth Township, by whom he has a family of nine children: John, George, William, Daniel, Mary, Ann, Elizabeth, Jane and Margaret. Mr. Hanlan is a Reformer in politics. George Hanlan was born in 1853 in Tecumseth Township. He received a Common-school education, and has since remained with his father on the farm. He married in 1883 Miss Strainer, of this township, by whom he has one son.

Seth Heacock, who resides at Oakland Farm, Township of King, is a descendant of Jonathan Heacock, who emigrated from Pennsylvania some time before 1800, and lived for a short time near St. Catharines, Ontario. From there the family moved to Yonge Street, north of Aurora, about 1804. They afterwards went to King Township and located on lots 26 and 27, concession 3, where they acquired four hundred acres of land, which was then completely bush. The children of Jonathan and Mary Heacock were Jane, John, Edward, Mary, Nathan, Catharine, Roland, Sarah, Nancy, Amos and Levi. Nathan resided in Niagara District, Township of Pelham, until about 1830. He then moved to the County of York, where all the rest of the family were settled. Our subject’s father was Edward Heacock, who, with some of his brothers cleared the land, where he lived until his death in 1864. About 1812 or 1813 Edward Heacock married Rachel Webb, one of a family also from Pennsylvania, who settled on Yonge Street, near Aurora, about 1803 or 1804, with many descendants in the County of York and elsewhere. The children of Edward and Rachel Heacock were Eliza, Delilah, Malinda, Seth, Mary and Ruth. Seth Heacock was born on the old homestead on June 23, 1822. He acquired a fair education for the times; but the clearing of land, making roads through the bush, ploughing among stumps and stones was the principal occupation at all hours to make both ends meet; his whole life having been devoted to farming, raising of stock and improving it as circumstances would permit until 1867. He commenced with thorough-bred Durhams and imported stock from the herd of Mr. Robert Symes, of Red Kirk, Dumfriesshire, Scotland. His Shorthorn Durham cattle are considered specially fine; he now owns about thirty head of the pure breed, which command high prices, having received as much as $520 per head, and are distributed over a large part of Canada and the United States. He is also breeding pure Southdown Sheep of the best breed, from imported stock, which are especially fine and in splendid condition. Mr. Heacock was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1876. He is a Reformer in politics, and in religion is inclined to be identified with the Society of Friends. He was married in 1847 to Hannah, daughter of Jesse and Eliza Walton, of Kettleby, Ontario; their family consists of eight children living and one dead: John Milton, George Washington, Eliza Celesta, Emma C., Addie A., Mary Lavilla, Rachel Alberta and Franklin W. John Milton in 1878 married Emma Louise Salter; family, one child, Mable L.; he lives at Midland City, County Simcoe. Addie A. in 1878 married Robert A. Starr; family, Ethel L., Edgar D. and Leanora, and lives in Whitchurch Township, County York.

Joseph Hollingshead, lot 1, concession 8, is the son of Anthony Hollingshead, who was born in Little York in 1800. The family were U. E. Loyalists, and during the War of 1812 Anthony, then quite a boy, drove a waggon which contained a number of American prisoners; he was also present when the powder magazine was fired during the Battle of York in 1813. His family consisted of seven children, of whom Joseph, our subject, was born in King Township in 1845. He acquired a Common School education, and afterwards went to farming. He operated his own farm, the locality of which is given at the commencement of this sketch, during the years 1867-8-9, which he the following year rented out and commenced the business of general merchant at Schomberg, to which in 1882 he added that of druggist, and is now doing a successful trade. He married in 1869 Mary A., daughter of Mr. John Proctor, of King Township, by whom he has two children, viz.: Alberta, born 1871, and Emma, born in 1874. Mr. Hollingshead is a strong Conservative, and attends the English Church.

John Hughey, lot 69, concession 1, was born in York County in 1820. His father was James Hughey, a native of Ireland, who came to Canada in 1818 and settled on some land in York County. He bought one hundred acres off Yonge Street, which, after he had cleared, he sold and purchased the land now farmed by his son John, who succeeded to the property on the death of his father in 1871. John had only a Common-school education, and was early inured to all the hardships and privations of pioneer life. He was twice married; first to Miss Isabella Kerr in 1846; by this union there was no issue. He married a second time in 1854, his wife being Miss Sarah Thompson, from Ireland; they have nine children living, as follow: James, Jane, William, Samuel, David, Rankin, Nelson, Bell and John; two are dead—Wellington, who was drowned, and Lavinia, who died in 1860. Mr. Hughey belongs to the Presbyterian Church, and is in political temperament a Conservative.

James Hutchinson, deceased, was born in England, and came to Canada in 1828 and worked as a farm hand several years. He subsequently bought one hundred acres of land in King Township, which is now owned by his son Martin. This land was entirely bush when he first located upon it, and it took him several years of laborious toil to put it in thorough farming condition. His labour, however, was well repaid, and he afterwards succeeded in accumulating property to the amount of $15,000. His death, which occurred in 1873, was much regretted in the neighbourhood, where his genial and kindly disposition had gained him numerous friends. His wife, Jane Hutchinson, survived him nine years, and she died at the venerable age of seventy-two years. Martin Hutchinson, son of the above, resides on the old homestead, lot 13, concession 2. He was born in King Township in 1836, and received a rudimentary education in the Common schools of the time. He early assisted his father on the farm, which he acquired at the latter’s death. He married Elizabeth Gray, of York Township, by whom he has six children, viz.: John, Thomas, James, George, Henrietta and Martin. He attends the Baptist Church, and is a Conservative in politics.

William Hutt, lot 24, concession 2, was born in England and came to Canada in 1833. He had from his early years followed the occupation of shepherd, and on his arrival in York County worked the first year as a farm hand. The succeeding six years he rented a farm, and then purchased his present property on lots 30½ and 20, concession 2. He was married previous to coming to this country, his wife being Miss Gardner; they had eleven children, four only are living, viz.: Oliver, William, Walter and Amy. He is in religion a Methodist, and in politics gives his vote to good men and good measures.

Charles Irwin, miller, Lloydtown P.O., is the son of R. P. Irwin, of Irish descent, who was born in Pennsylvania, U. S., and coming to Canada in the year 1818, settled near Aurora, where he followed his trade as millwright, and in which locality his son Charles was born in 1832. Charles was educated in Newmarket. He went into the milling business with his brother in Aurora in 1865. He bought his present mill and additional property in 1879, where he does a large and lucrative business. He married in 1857 Miss Tyson of Aurora, by whom he has five children as follows: Josephine, born 1858; Marion, born 1861; Kate, born 1867; Courtwright, born 1870; and William, born 1873. Mr. Irwin was a Councillor of Aurora for a number of years, and for the past nine years has been first Deputy-Reeve of the Municipality of King, and a Justice of the Peace. He is a Methodist in religion, and in politics is a Reformer.

Jared Irwin, manager of the York County Industrial Home, comes of a purely American ancestry. His grandfather, Charles Irwin, came to Canada from Pennsylvania in the first years of the present century, and settled on the line of the Indian trail which subsequently became the important highway known as Yonge Street. He served his country in active service in the War of 1812-14, and died at an advanced age, leaving a number of children. One of these, Thomas, having married Miss Phila Pearson, a sister of the present County Registrar, started life upon a bush farm in the Township of Tecumseth, Simcoe County. Here the subject of the sketch was born in 1839. He assisted his father in the pioneer’s task of clearing the land, always taking advantage of such opportunities for education as were then possible, and continued to devote himself to the farm until 1860. He then left the now fine homestead to begin life for himself, and ultimately settled upon a farm adjoining the Town of Newmarket, where he continued to live till appointed to his present position in 1882. He was married in 1861 to Miss E. J. Armitage of this township. Their family consists of Herbert E., born 1862; Eli Franklin, born 1867; James Walter, born 1869; and Caroline Lenore, born 1880.

Reverend William Jenkins, deceased. In connection with the early history of York County, the part played by the subject of this sketch was not an unimportant one. It is stated that he was the first ordained preacher in York County, but in the absence of any complete information on the point, it would be perhaps as well to leave it debatable. The Reverend William Jenkins was born in Scotland, and was educated at the University of Edinburgh, and was married in that city. He came to Canada in 1812 with the object of advancing the Gospel of Christ amongst the Indian tribes, but was soon obliged to relinquish his noble and praiseworthy calling on account of ill-health, which compelled him to return to the Old Country. He was, however, soon enabled to resume his duties, and in 1818 he returned to Canada, and settled in little York, where for many years he preached the Word. He ultimately located in Markham Township, where he died in 1843. The first sermon he delivered in Markham was given from a tree stump, there being no churches, nor indeed any building capable of accommodating a number of people. The humorous often finds an entrance into matters of graver moment, and an anecdote is recorded of the Reverend William Jenkins, that was quite characteristic, and which exemplifies the truth of the axiom. An old man who usually occupied a position right in front of the pulpit, habitually went to sleep during the reverend gentleman’s discourses. This fact alone would probably not have brought such a severe castigation upon the unfortunate sleeper as he eventually received, but that his capacity for snoring equalled in its vigour the most sounding declamations of the preacher, and it is a question as to which was the greater sufferer, the minister or his congregation. However, the continuation of the old man’s discordant slumberings at last produced a crisis. On one occasion while expounding to his hearers some important theological point, he was so annoyed at the snoring of the old man, that he stopped short in his sermon, and bestowing a hearty cuff on the sleeper’s head with his Bible, remarked that if he could not be made to hear the Scriptures, he would make him feel them. The Reverend William Jenkins spent a period of nine years amongst the Indians, and translated the Bible into the Indian language. He was a man of large attainments, and as a linguist could scarcely be excelled, having acquired a knowledge of twelve different languages. His cultivated mind, stored as it was with the learning of all times, rendered his sermons profoundly impressive, although they lacked neither clearness nor simplicity. James W. Jenkins, lot 6, concession 6, son of the late Reverend William Jenkins, was born in New York State, while his father was at his missionary labours. He was brought up to farming, which he has always followed. He was married in 1845, to Miss Lazzetta Burnford, she being a grand-daughter of the Surveyor of Yonge Street. They had ten children, all of whom are living. Mr. Jenkins came to King Township in 1857, and retired into private life in 1879.

Robert Kennedy, lot 9, concession 9, was born in Ireland in 1816, and emigrated to Canada in 1834. Soon after his arrival he settled in King Township, and purchased the farm he at present holds. He came to this country, if not exactly penniless, at least, without what may be termed capital, and has by industry, economy and strict attention to his affairs been prosperous above the average. His land was entirely bush when he first settled upon it, but his labour and untiring energy in a short time transformed the virgin forest into a fine productive farm. In addition to the substantial brick house he has built on the farm in this township, he has also built a similar one on a farm he purchased in Gore Township. Mr. Kennedy was married in 1844 to Mary Dennis, by whom he had six children, viz.: Catharine, Michael, Honora, Mary, Margaret and William. He is a follower of the Catholic Faith, and a Reformer in politics.

Sidney Leonard, merchant, Schomberg, is the son of the late James Leonard, who emigrated from England in 1849 with his family, which consisted of his wife, four sons and two daughters, their names being as follow: Thomas, born 1831; Stephen, born 1835; Sidney, born 1837; William, born 1840; Mary Ann, born 1833 (married to J. McKindless); Ruth, born 1841 (married Robert Winters). Mr. Leonard, sen’r, died in 1867. Sidney, the subject of this sketch, was born in England, and is the fourth in order in his father’s family. He established himself in business at his present location in 1865. Having purchased two and a-half acres of land in the centre of the Village of Schomberg, he forthwith erected the store which he has since continued to occupy, being 24 x 70 feet, with a height of two storeys. He also erected a brick residence in 1883. In addition to his mercantile investment he possesses a farm on lot 29, concession 8 of this township. Mr. Leonard was married in 1865 to Jane, daughter of Alexander Thompson, King Township, by whom he has eight children, viz.: Jennette Ann, born 1867; Sarah Jane, born 1869; James H., born 1872; Florence P., born 1874; Esther C., born 1877; Iva, born 1879; Lydia, born 1881; and Thomson, born 1884. Mr. Leonard is a very enterprising man, and is strictly honourable in all his dealings.

Joel Lloyd, lot 31, concession 9, is the son of Jesse Lloyd, who emigrated from Pennsylvania, U. S., to Canada in 1812. Mr. Lloyd, sen’r, came to York County and settled in King Township, where he erected a saw and grist mill where Lloydtown is now located, it being the first mill in this section. He sold out in 1836 and bought lot 34, concession 9. He was not long permitted to remain on his newly acquired property, for, on the breaking out of the Mackenzie Rebellion a year later, he threw himself heart and soul into the movement. During the subsequent events, when the ring-leaders were either escaping or being captured, he with Thomas Brown succeeded in reaching the United States in safety, a large reward being at the time offered for their capture, dead or alive. He died during his exile at the age of fifty-three years. Joel Lloyd was born in 1822 at Whitchurch, where he received such an education as the Common schools at that time afforded. He remained with his parents until he reached man’s estate, and then settled on a part of lot 34, concession 9, King Township, which is still his residence. He married in 1847 Elizabeth, daughter of James C. Gray, of Simcoe County, by whom he has four children, viz.: Sarah, Libbie, Emma and Edwin. His first wife dying, he took another in the person of Miss Eliza Mainprize; the issue of this marriage is one child, Florence L., born 1882. He is a Reformer in politics, and attends the Methodist Church.

Nelson Lloyd, lot 35, concession 12, is the son of Joseph Lloyd, who emigrated from Pennsylvania, U. S., at an early date. He settled in York County, and died in the year 1880. Nelson was born in King Township in the year 1841, and worked with his father on the farm until twenty-five years of age. After receiving a fair education he commenced school teaching in the year 1868, and taught thirteen years. In 1870 he was married to Mary Campbell; they have a family of three children: Minnie, Bertha and Mary. In 1881 he bought his present home. He has been generally very prosperous.

William Lloyd, second son of Jesse Lloyd, lot 33, concession 9, was born in Lloydtown in 1830. In early life he acquired a Common-school education, and in due time enjoyed the honour of retaining the old family homestead, and has been very successful in life. He married Miss Jane Gray, daughter of James C. Gray, one of the oldest and most respected families in the county. The issue of this marriage is seven children, viz.: Albert W., Martha J., Alfred L., Rachel A., Lavina H., Eliza A. and Mary Etta.

Joseph Lynn, postmaster, Linton P.O., was born in Ireland in 1826. He is second son of John Lynn, and brother to William Lynn, mentioned elsewhere. He settled in his present locality in 1861, where he fulfils the duties of postmaster in connection with a grocery store. He was married in 1858 to Miss Annie McBain; they have four children, Josephine Amelia, Jane Maria, Frances Adeline and John Alexander.

William Lynn, lot 28, concession 8, was born in Ireland in 1828, and came with his father and family to Canada in 1842. His father’s family consisted of four sons, James, Joseph, John and William (the subject of the present sketch). He received a Common-school education, which he improved by teaching school for a short time. He now retains the farm originally in the possession of his father. He is in religion a Presbyterian, and in politics gives his support to the Conservative Party.

John McCarroll, lot 35, concession 7 of King, was born in Ireland in 1825, being the son of the late John McCarroll, who emigrated to Canada in 1840, and settling in West Gwillimbury Township, died there, after twenty-five years residence, at the good old age of eighty-seven years. John came to this country with his parents, and for about six years worked out as hired man. He subsequently bought a farm in concession 11 of King Township, and later on purchased the farm where he now resides. By perseverance, industry and thrift, he has accumulated a fair amount of this world’s goods, which he now enjoys in the companionship of his wife and children. He married in 1846 Mary Bell, of Ireland; they had nine children, of whom seven are still living, viz.: John, born in 1847; Margaret, born 1849; Elizabeth, born 1851; Sarah, born 1852; Mary, born 1853; William, born 1855 and Rachel, born 1857. Mr. McCarroll is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and is a Conservative in politics.

Andrew McClure was born near Belfast, Ireland, in 1815, and emigrated to Canada in 1836. He worked as hired man the first four years of his residence in York County, and in 1840 bought a bush farm, which he cleared and subsequently cultivated. On his first arrival here he was without means, but by hard work and strict attention to details, success has crowned his efforts, and he has accumulated quite a handsome property. He was married to Mary Ann Hamilton, daughter of Andrew Hamilton, by whom he had twelve children; eight are now living as follow: Mary A., John, Andrew, James H., Jane J., Elizabeth, Samuel and William. Andrew McClure, son of the above, was born in Vaughan in 1841, and inherited his present residence, lot 9, concession 7, King Township, from his father, which contains two hundred acres. He was married in 1870 to Miss Elizabeth Bryson, daughter of James Bryson; they have six children: Andrew, James, Jane, Mary A., Alexandra and Norman. Mr. McClure is in religion a Presbyterian, and in politics supports the Conservative Party.

William McDevitt, lot 23, concession 9, was born in Ireland in 1821, being the son of James McDevitt, of County Derry, Ireland. His mother was Martha Parkhill, who is a native of Ireland. Our subject is one of three children, and began life as a shoemaker. He was married in 1850 to Mary Jane Morrison, of Irish birth, by whom he has nine children, six daughters and three sons. He is a Presbyterian in religion.

Archibald McGill, lot 24, concession 6, was born in Scotland in 1814, and came with his father to Canada in 1834. His father, William McGill, located on lot 13, concession 7 of King Township, but only lived five years after his arrival, having died in 1839. Although only a comparatively short time in this country, his excellent knowledge of farming prevailed over the obstacles and general crude state of things, which always exist in a new settlement, and his career, though limited, was one of unqualified success. Archibald worked at home on the homestead for several years, and in 1865 removed to the above farm purchased by his son Dugald some time previous. He is connected with St. Andrew’s Church, and belongs to the Reform Party. He married in 1838 Charlotte McMillan of Scotland, by whom he has seven children living, viz.: William, Dugald, Duncan, Margaret, Katharine, Sarah and Charlotte.

John McMillan, deceased, was a native of Ireland, and came to Canada in 1818. He purchased some bush land in King Township, York County, on which he located, and having cleared it he put it in a good state of cultivation, and was in the end very prosperous. He died in 1882, leaving a valuable estate to his widow and seven children. John McMillan, merchant, Eversley P.O., son of the above, was born in Vaughan Township in 1859. After receiving but a limited education, he assisted his father on the farm, but eventually gave up agricultural pursuits and adopted the business of general merchant. He took possession of his present premises in 1883, where he is doing a thriving trade, and in addition fulfils the duties of Postmaster. He married Miss Haile, of Vaughan Township. He is a Methodist in religion, and a Conservative in politics.

Archibald McMurchy, lot 12, concession 5, was born in 1817, and emigrated from Scotland to Canada in 1841. On his arrival he hired out for three years, and then purchased his present farm, which at the beginning he had to clear. He has since placed it under fine cultivation, and has added to his original purchase one hundred acres. He also bought one hundred acres in Simcoe County, which is now the residence of his son, John McMurchy. He has also two hundred acres in Huron County, the residence of his sons Donald and Alexander, both of whom have families. This fine property has not been got together without labour and economy, and Mr. McMurchy is to be congratulated on his successful endeavours in this respect. He was married in 1845 to Jane Cameron, daughter of Donald Cameron, one of the early settlers of York, by whom he had twelve children; eleven of whom are living, viz.: Donald, Alexander, Annie, Archie, John, Peter, Elizabeth, Neil, Jane, Catharine and Duncan. Mr. McMurchy is a Presbyterian in religion, and in politics votes Reform.

John Malloy, lot 5, concession 8, is the son of John Malloy, of Vaughan Township, where he was born in 1845. He purchased his present farm in 1876, in which year he also married Flora Malloy, daughter of Malcolm Malloy; they have two children, Sarah and Archibald. Mr. Malloy is a Methodist in religion, and a Conservative in politics.

James Mosley, lot 20, concession 1, is the son of Thomas Mosley, a native of Kent, England, who emigrated to Canada, and taking up his residence in little York, was one of the first settlers engaged in the mercantile business on King Street East. Mr. Mosley, sen’r, was subsequently appointed Government Auctioneer, which position he filled for some length of time. He died in Toronto after a successful career. James was born in Toronto, March 5, 1818, and received the only education which the schools at that time afforded. He began business in the store of his brother on King Street as clerk; but, becoming tired of store-keeping, he moved from the city on to the farm in King Township which constitutes his present residence. He has one hundred and four acres of good agricultural land, and in addition to crop raising he takes a great delight in the breeding of good horses, having received at various times prizes for the best roadsters and other classes of stock. Our subject was married in 1858 to a Miss Davis (a connection of an old pioneer family). The issue of their union was five children, of whom three only are living: John, Minnie and James E. Mr. Mosley belongs to the Episcopal Church, and is a Conservative in politics.

William Mulock, M.P., was born at Bond Head, Simcoe County, in 1844, being the son of Thomas Homan Mulock, M.D., T.C.D., formerly of King’s County, Ireland, who settled in Canada about 1830. Mr. Mulock was educated at the Newmarket Grammar School and University of Toronto, graduating at the latter institution in 1863, when he obtained the gold medal in the Department of Modern Languages. Having been called to the Bar in 1868 he has since practised his profession in Toronto. His wife is Sarah Ellen Cawthra, daughter of James Crowther, barrister, of Toronto, and by whom he has five children now living, namely: William, Edith, Sarah, Ethel and Cawthra. Mr. Mulock is a Liberal in politics, and was elected to the Commons of Canada to represent North York in 1882.

Robert Norman, lot 6, concession 3, was born in England in 1818, and came to Canada with his parents in 1833, who both died the year subsequent to their arrival. Robert worked as hired hand for about twelve months, and then rented a farm for a number of years. In 1862 he acquired by purchase his present farm on lot 6, concession 3. He was married in 1842 to Miss Elizabeth Wells, daughter of Mr. John Wells, an old settler, who served in the War of 1812. They had ten children, seven of whom are living, viz.: Charles, John, George, William, Maria, Isabella and Mary. Mr. Norman is a member of the Baptist Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

Daniel O’Brien, lot 5, concession 6, is the son of William O’Brien, deceased, who came from Nova Scotia, and settled in York County, about 1828. Mr. O’Brien, sen’r, was a carpenter by trade, but devoted the greater portion of his life to farming. He bought and cleared a farm in Pickering Township, and was very prosperous, leaving at his death a nice estate to his widow and six children. He took an active part during the Mackenzie Rebellion, and being a sympathizer with the movement, his house on several occasions was searched, and he himself narrowly escaped being arrested, having to conceal himself for some time in the bush. By this exposure he contracted a disease from which he never afterwards recovered, and he died in 1847, at the comparatively early age of forty years. Daniel, whose name appears at the head of this sketch, was born in Markham Township in 1832. He learned the trade of blacksmith in Pickering, which he has since followed. He established his present business in 1854, and by strict attention added to good workmanship, he has built up a large and increasing trade. He was married in 1857 to Miss Wood, daughter of Joseph Wood, of Clark Township, by whom he has nine children, viz.: Emma J., Joseph M., Ida A., Frederick W., Annetta L., Benjamin J., Louis J., Lina K., Eddie.

Michael J. O’Neill, lot 15, concession 10 of the Township of King, was born on November 15, 1854. His father, Michael O’Neill, was born May 25, 1814, in the County of Limerick, Ireland, and emigrated to Canada in 1841. On his arrival in King he purchased the farm the location of which is described above, and which is now known as Holly Park Farm. It was at the time all bush, and has since been improved and put in a very high state of cultivation. He was married in Ireland to Margaret O’Halleran, a lineal descendant of Sir Henry O’Halleran who once took up arms against the tyrannical laws of his country, but who subsequently became one of Her Majesty’s most loyal subjects. Mrs. O’Neill died May 14, 1873, leaving a family of seven children, five of whom are still living, viz.: Mary Ann, Patrick J., Ellen, Michael Joseph (our subject), and Thomas. Michael J. was born on the old homestead, and helped to clear the farm where he now resides. He entered public life at an early age, and has filled various positions of trust. He was elected Deputy-Reeve of the Township Council in 1811, of which body he still continues an able and active member. He also holds the position of Postmaster of Holly Park. Mr. O’Neill is devoted to the Roman Catholic Faith, and in politics gives his support to the Reform Party.

W. Pearson, lot 29, concession 2, is descended from a family who emigrated from Pennsylvania in 1808 and located near what is now the town of Newmarket, then a complete wilderness. His grandfather, Peter Pentz Pearson, settled there and followed the occupation of farming; he was concerned in the troubles of 1837 and was taken prisoner. The father of our subject, L. B. Pearson, was born on the family homestead near Newmarket in 1828. He bought the farm, lot 29, concession 2, King, which he improved and continues to cultivate. William Pearson was born in Whitchurch Township in 1863. He received his preliminary education at the Common School, and then went to the High School at Newmarket, where he took a second-class certificate, and has now been a Certified School Teacher for the past two years; and is at present attending the Normal School at Ottawa.

The Perry Family. It will invariably be noticed that, in regard to modern settlements, some families will, as if by instinct, at once take a prominent place among their neighbours and retain it through successive generations. This general rule might distinctively be applied to the early settlers of York County, and the family whose biographical record is herein traced affords a good illustration. Many of the old residents will remember the advent into King Township of the late Richard Perry, who, bringing with him his wife and three children, settled upon lot 24, concession 7. He was born in Ireland in the year 1797, and was thirty-four years of age when he came to Canada and located in this section in 1831. Young, vigorous and active, possessing moreover the peculiar energy of his race, he was in a word just the sort of pioneer required in a new and undeveloped country. The large and productive acreage now under cultivation by his sons testifies to his strong and determined purpose to rank not among the least of those who first laid open the forests of Ontario as a foundation for new industrial enterprises. During his lifetime he exerted himself in all matters that would prove of benefit to the community, and by that means succeeded in gaining the respect of all his neighbours. His strongly imbibed Conservatism, and his genuine attachment to old-fashioned political ideas may at times have caused him to ill-conceal his dislike to the Reform element which in his day broke forth in such a startling manner and culminated in the Rebellion of 1837-8. Mr. Perry, at the commencement of the affair, seeing the Rebels with their pikes painted red and uttering treasonable menaces, made, with the assistance of his son John, sixty-five rounds of ball cartridges, and was at Bond Head before daylight next morning offering his services to Colonel Dusen. The gallant Colonel complimented Mr. Perry upon his vigilance, and declared that he was the only one who up to that time was prepared to meet the insurgents. He lived to the good old age of eighty-two years, and his death, which took place in 1879, was felt as a personal loss throughout the section.

Henry Perry, lot 34, concession 10, is the second son of the late Richard Perry, and was born in Ireland in 1824, and came with the remainder of the family in 1831. His education was only that obtained at the Common schools, and he began early to till the soil. He located on his present lot in 1864, which he has since continued to cultivate. He was married in 1854 to Elizabeth Gardiner, daughter of the late Lieutenant Gardiner of the British Army. The issue of the union is eight children, viz.: Harriet, born in 1855; Richard, born in 1856; Frederick, born in 1858; Susannah, born in 1861; Charlotte, born in 1863; Emma, born in 1865; Isabella, born in 1871, and Arthur, born in 1879. He also belongs to the Church of England, and is a Conservative in politics.

John Perry, the eldest son of the late Richard Perry, was born in Ireland in 1822, and accompanied his parents to Canada. He was but nine years old when the emigration of the family took place, and the educational facilities of the township being limited, he was obliged to forego the benefits of much early scholastic training. He commenced to work with his father on the farm while still a boy, and acquired, it may be said almost from necessity, a practical knowledge of all that relates to agriculture. The wild state of the country at that time afforded excellent opportunities for youth to gain a good knowledge of hunting and shooting, and our subject soon became proficient in that respect, for many a fine buck, to say nothing of smaller game, fell before his unerring and trusty rifle. His hunting expeditions were not, however, without their dangers, and in many a tight fix did he find himself with his mortal enemy the bear, which, however, generally resulted in the discomfiture of bruin and the consequent loss of his hide. John left his father on the old homestead in 1852, and located on his present farm, and settling down to married life the year following gave up to a great extent his adventurous pursuits. He at various times in succeeding years enlarged his original farm until he now owns two hundred and seventy-five acres. The opening out to settlement of the North-West led him into larger enterprises, and he now owns three thousand acres of timber lands, besides nine hundred and sixty acres of fine farming land near to the City of Winnipeg, which will no doubt in the immediate future yield him a large and profitable return. In the township Mr. Perry is recognized as a leading and influential Conservative, and takes a remarkably lively interest in the fortunes of that political party. His marriage in 1853 was to Elizabeth Steward, daughter of George Steward; his wife died in 1880, leaving three children, Richard, Elizabeth and Susannah. He belongs to the Church of England.

Richard Perry, lot 24, concession 7, is the youngest son of the late Richard Perry whose life is recorded elsewhere. He was born on the old homestead in 1837, where he has always remained, having assumed the control of the farm when his late father retired from active life. He was married in 1870 to Miss Sarah J. Hunter, daughter of Joseph Hunter, of this section, by whom he has seven children, as follow: Rebecca, born 1871; Albretta, born 1873; Violet, born 1875; Eva M., born 1876; Matthew, born 1878; Ida F., born 1880, and Isabella, born 1883. He is, like the other members of the family, a member of the Church of England and a Conservative in politics. Mr. Perry is also a member of the Volunteers.

George Pringle, farmer, Nobbleton P.O., was born in Queen’s County, Ireland, April 10, 1812. His father, William Pringle, was born in the same place on the 24th of February, 1785, and was by trade a wool-comber, the wool in those days being combed by hand. Mr. Pringle, sen’r, came to Canada at an early day, being about the fifth settler in King Township. He died on April 5, 1873. Our subject’s mother was Jane Gribbens previous to her marriage; she was a native of King’s County, Ireland, and died in Prince Edward Island in 1818. George Pringle attended school for a short time in his native town, and after coming to Canada received further instruction at the Public school. He commenced farming at an early age, which occupation he continued to follow until recently, when he gave up active life and is now living retired in the Village of Nobbleton. During the Rebellion of 1837 Mr. Pringle enlisted as a Volunteer at Lloydtown. At the time of the great Battle of Waterloo, Mr. Pringle (then not quite four years of age) distinctly recollects his father taking the newspapers containing an account of the action round to the neighbours. He was married in King Township on the 19th of April, 1835. His wife was Susannah Bell, of Queen’s County, Ireland; they had a family of ten children, three of whom are dead. The names of the survivors are as follow: Jane, Edward, Martha, Roland, George, William and John. Mr. Pringle attends the Methodist Church, and is a Conservative in politics.

Gresham Proctor, retired, was born on Yonge Street, York County, in the year 1817, being the son of Henry Proctor, who emigrated from Vermont, U. S., in the year 1800, and bought a bush farm which he cleared. Mr. Proctor, sen’r, took part in the War of 1812 by hauling supplies for the army. Gresham in early life had the advantage of a fair education, and after leaving school hired himself out to farmers until he had accumulated sufficient money to purchase a farm. He bought one hundred acres on lot 31, concession 6 of the Township of King, paying for the same $100. He subsequently bought fifty acres more, all of which by industry and skill he put in a high state of cultivation and was very successful. In the year 1869 he acquired five acres in Kettleby Village and retired from active life. Mr. Proctor has filled several municipal offices very creditably. He was married in 1841 to Elizabeth Lloyd, daughter of William Lloyd, by whom he has six children: William, Mellissa, Lovella, Luzesky, Josephine and Wakefield.

John Proctor, deceased, was a native of Ireland, and emigrated to Canada in 1831. He located in King Township, York County, settling upon lot 23, concession 7, which was then in a wild state. He cleared the farm and remained on it until his death in 1865, at the age of seventy-seven years. He served in the Rebellion of 1837 under Captain Armstrong. His wife, Mary Proctor, died in 1879, at the great age of one hundred years, having through her long life been very active. William Proctor, lot 23, concession 7, is the eldest son of the above, and was born in Ireland in 1814; he was seventeen years of age when he came with his people to Canada. He received a very fair education, and on his arrival here spent two years in the Victoria University. He began life as a farmer on his present lot; since first taking possession he has added to it at various times, and now owns one hundred and forty-seven acres of choice land, which he has brought to a high state of cultivation. He has been very prosperous, and is now worth about $20,000. He was married in 1854 to Susannah Bunting, of Ireland, by whom he has the following children: Hester, born 1858; Herman, born 1860, and Mary, born 1863. His first wife died and he married a second time. By this second union he has two children: William Abbot, born 1875, and John Henry, born 1877. Mr. Proctor is a preacher of the Methodist Church, having commenced when twenty years of age.

Wakefield Proctor, lot 31, concession 5, is the son of Gresham Proctor, of Kettleby Village, whose sketch appears elsewhere, and now lives on the old homestead formerly cultivated by his father. He was born on the home farm in 1854, and in 1878 married Miss Stokes, daughter of Captain Joseph Stokes, of this township; they have two children, Bartley and Clarence. Mr. Proctor’s affairs, together with those of his sons, are, and have been, very prosperous.

William Ramsden, lot 29, concession 5, was born on lot 50, concession 5 of this township, and is the son of the late Thomas Ramsden, who emigrated from England in 1836. He bought fifty acres of land in King Township, which he successfully cleared and on which he brought up a family of six children. William was born in 1838, and lived with his father until he arrived at man’s estate, when he purchased his present home. He married a daughter of Peter Boodwin, of King Township, by whom he has five children: James, Oscar, Teresa, Thomas and Hettie May. Mr. Ramsden is a Reformer in politics.

David Rogers, lot 1, concession 2, is the son of the late James Rogers, and grandson of Timothy, the deceased U. E. Loyalist, a sketch of whose life appears in these pages. After getting a little education he went to work at farming, and subsequently purchased the lot where he now resides (ninety acres), which he improved suitably to his own ideas. He has been very successful. He married Mary Armitage, daughter of Thomas Armitage; they have four children: Henry, Mary, Eliza and William. His religious views are those of the Society of Friends, and he is a Reformer in politics.

James Rogers, lot 14, concession 2 (known as Maple Avenue Farm), is the eldest son of the late Timothy Rogers, and was born on the old homestead farm in 1834. He bought and took possession of his present farm in 1863, which contains one hundred and forty-five acres. He is much interested in stock breeding, of which his specialty is Southdown sheep and Berkshire pigs; he also devotes a great deal of his attention to fruit growing; his orchard contains about six acres of the most choice fruits of various kinds. He is a Conservative in politics, and is a member of the Christian Church. He married in 1861 Miss Sarah Tustian, who was a native of Oxfordshire, England; they have five children: David A., Annie, Ida, Ella and Eva. Mr. Rogers has always taken a deep interest in the Agricultural Societies of the township and county in which he resides, and held the position of Councillor and Deputy-Reeve for four years, and is a Justice of the Peace. He is a descendant of Timothy Rogers, who emigrated to Canada from the State of Vermont, and who was the founder of the Quaker settlement on Yonge Street, near the Town of Newmarket.

Timothy Rogers, deceased, was a U. E. Loyalist who settled on six hundred acres of land on or near what constitutes the present flourishing Town of Newmarket, in the year 1801. He emigrated from Vermont, U. S., and brought with him his children, seven in number, who each drew four hundred acres, and having the land laid out in town lots, Timothy may be said to be the founder of Newmarket. The following paragraph, extracted from an historical sketch which appeared in the Newmarket Era about five years ago, will explain itself: “The first white man known to have slept at Newmarket was Timothy Rogers, who in the year 1800, while on a prospecting tour between Toronto (then little York) and Lake Simcoe, followed the branch of the Holland River running to Newmarket, and there favourably impressed with the natural advantages of the place, and with a view to a more thorough examination of it and its surrounding locality, camped for a time upon the hill about where the North York Registry Office now is, and fed his horse upon the rushes that grew on the low land near by. He located and received from the Government a deed of lots numbers 92, 93, 94 and 95, and thus became the first individual owner of all the land upon which Newmarket was first built. This Timothy Rogers was the founder of what was so long known as the Friends or Quaker settlement on Yonge Street, and was greatly instrumental in influencing Governor Simcoe to locate Yonge Street upon the line where it now is. He made an arrangement with Governor Simcoe by which he was to bring and settle upon Yonge Street forty settlers, and the first instalment of these was located there soon after, and then followed the first settlement in and about Newmarket.” During his residence in Pennsylvania, when the war was raging between the revolted colonies and the British Government, Timothy from the nature of his creed took no part, and later in the War of 1812-14, he suffered imprisonment at the hands of the Government for refusing to disobey the dictates of his conscience. The old man died in the year 1844, after having lived a useful, peaceable and religious life and having seen his children grow up in comfortable circumstances. James Rogers, deceased, was the eldest son of Timothy Rogers, deceased, and was quite a youth when he came with his people to Canada. His whole life was spent in the work of clearing, chopping, and building houses for the accommodation of the incoming settlers, and he well deserves the appellation of a pioneer. He died on the old homestead, lot 95, concession 1, in the year 1854. John Rogers, son of the above, was born on the old home farm, and after receiving a Common School education, commenced to work, and assisted his father in clearing and cultivating. He was married in 1840 to Anna C. Doan, grand-daughter of the late William Doan (he composed one of the party who came from Pennsylvania with our subject’s grandfather). They have a family of six children: William, Timothy, Jonathan, Albert, Annie C. and Phœbe.

Timothy Rogers, lot 11, concession 2, was the second son of the late James Rogers, who emigrated to Canada from the State of Vermont with his father, Timothy Rogers in 1781; he was the founder of the Quaker settlement in the neighbourhood of the Town of Newmarket. Timothy was born on lot 95, concession 1, in the Township of King in 1809, where he remained until 1830, assisting his father and brothers, when he removed to his present lot after leaving home, which then contained two hundred acres of bush land, which he, with his sons, has put in a fine state of cultivation. In 1834 he married Annie Lloyd, a native of Bucks County, State of Pennsylvania, U. S., a daughter of the late James Lloyd, a native of the same county and state, by whom he had nine children, viz.: James, David L., Mary, Sarah, William, Henry, Elizabeth, Thomas and Alice. Mr. Timothy Rogers died October 22, 1884. The sons of the above are men of sterling integrity. James holds the position of Justice of the Peace, besides other offices of responsibility. David L. is a physician of high standing, and is practising his profession in the Town of Newmarket. William is a dentist of the highest standing, and is practising in the neighbourhood of Richmond Hill. Henry has spent his lifetime on the old homestead farm with the exception of four years spent as a merchant at Eversley. He married Miss Jenet Scott, of the Township of King, in 1875. He is a Conservative in politics. Thomas has served in the Mounted Police in the North-West, and is now residing in Prince Albert, N.W.T. The sons and daughters of the above were all born on the homestead farm.

James Ross, deceased, was born in Ireland, and was brought to Canada when an infant, his father being a soldier in the 49th Regiment of Foot. James in early life learned the trade of a tailor and began business on Sherbourne Street, in little York. He served during the War of 1812-14. He continued his business in little York until 1821, when he bought two hundred acres of bush which he cleared and placed under cultivation. He volunteered as a private to aid in suppressing the Mackenzie Rebellion, and he also made the service clothing of Robinson’s Company. He lived a long and useful life and was highly esteemed by all who knew him. His death occurred in 1875. John Ross, son of the above, was born in 1811 in little York. He has devoted his whole life to agriculture and purchased his present farm, lot 7, concession 4, in 1836. His early experience was such as has been the lot of many, and he suffered all the inconvenience and hardships of a pioneer life. In 1836 Mr. Ross married Emma Elson, of England, they had eleven children, all of whom are alive and prospering, their names being as follow: Thomas, Philip, Sarah, James, Carrie, Elizabeth, Henry, Richard, William James, Ruth and John. Mr. Ross is a member of the Disciple Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

Robert Ross, lot 11, concession 6, was born at Niagara in 1797. His father, John Ross, was born in Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1730. He belonged to the regiment known as the Cameron Highlanders, in which corps he was for over twenty-one years a sergeant, and served through the whole of the war between England and her revolted Colonies. He was appointed Barrack Master at little York, in the year 1800, which he held until his death in 1805. Robert’s mother was Elizabeth Brooks, who was born in Birmingham, England, in 1750, and died at little York in 1828, aged seventy-eight years. Our subject was one of a family of ten children, and commenced life as a shoemaker, having been apprenticed to that trade when he was twelve years of age. He worked at his trade in little York until 1828, and then moved to a locality a little south of Aurora, on Yonge Street. In 1832 he occupied his present lot and erected a saw-mill on a small tributary of the Humber, which passed through his farm. He was married in the year 1820 in the house of Dr. Strachan (afterwards Bishop Strachan), his wife being Maria Smith, who was born in New York State in 1803. Her father, Richard Smith, was of English birth, and was a U. E. Loyalist. After the War of 1812-14, Mr. Smith went to Penetanguishene, where he had a son, Robert H., born, who it is stated was the first white child born in Penetanguishene; another of his sons, Walker Smith, was Sheriff of Simcoe County for over thirty years. The family of Robert Ross, by this marriage, consisted of five sons and seven daughters; four sons and two daughters only are living; one son, Walker, is Indian Land Agent at Cockburn Island. For the last fifty years Mr. Ross has resided on his farm, a great portion of which time he operated his saw mill, which, though now in other hands, still does good work. Despite his advancing years Mr. Ross maintains good health, which it is hoped will long continue. His memory is still active, and the events of his youth are fresh and green to his mind’s eye. The City of Toronto presented somewhat of a different aspect to what it did when Mr. Ross, as a boy, traced a bear cub a few rods from where the Union Station now stands, or gathered brushwood on the site of St. James’ Cathedral. He was in the Militia in 1813, and was present at the Battle of York. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and is a Reformer in politics. On January 8, 1885, Mrs. and Mr. Ross celebrated their sixty-fifth wedding day, and both are healthy and quite strong yet.

John H. Ross, machinist, King P.O., was born on lot 7, concession 4 of King Township, and is the son of the late John Ross, mentioned in another sketch. He had a limited education in his early years, and was apprenticed to the trade of blacksmith when only twelve years old, and had also the opportunity of acquiring that of a machinist before he was twenty. He purchased his present machine and blacksmith’s business in King in the year 1868, which he has since enlarged, and is now doing a large and prosperous business in machinery of all descriptions. He married in King Township in 1869 Miss A. Stewart, daughter of Mr. James Stewart, by whom he has five children, viz.: Maddie, Lillie, Edwin, Nellie and Agnes. He is in religion a Baptist, and casts his vote for the Reform Party.

George Rotsey, deceased, is a native of England, and emigrated to this country in 1835. His trade was that of a mason and plasterer, at which he worked in Toronto for two years. He subsequently located in Newmarket, and while there served on the side of the Crown during the Rebellion of 1837. In 1846 he bought lot 19, concession 2, which was at that time uncleared, and by perseverance and toil converted it into the fine and productive farm which is now in the possession of his son, William Henry. He died in 1884, leaving a widow and seven children, viz.: George, James, John, Joseph, Sarah, Matilda and William Henry. He was much respected by his neighbours as an honest, upright man, and trustworthy in all his dealings, and his good management enabled him to leave a large estate to his inheritors.

Reverend Thomas Graham Scott was born in Markham Township, June 30, 1838. He is of Irish descent, being a native of Tyrone, Ireland. His mother was Annie Graham, born in County Armagh, Ireland, May 23, 1815, and died in April, 1882. Thomas Graham Scott’s preliminary education was received at the Common Schools, supplemented by indefatigable home study. He afterwards went through a Primitive Methodist course of ministerial studies. He commenced life on the farm his father occupied, which he afterwards gave up for the more responsible calling of a Methodist minister. He was married in Newmarket on June 12, 1872, his wife being Miss Bella Hirst, of Yorkshire, England; they have four children: Lillian Hirst, Ernest Graham, Sarah Bella and Winifred Henry.

Samuel Sheardown, deceased, was born in Lincolnshire, England, in 1806, and emigrated to Canada in 1828. He settled in York County, and worked out for a few years as hired man until he had saved sufficient money to purchase a bush farm. He was the pioneer of his section, and had to cut his way through the bush to reach his land, which was lot 6, concession 9 of King. He was married in 1838 to Miss Isabella Drummond, who died in 1874; they had eight children, all of whom are living: William, John, Samuel, James, Peter, Elizabeth, Catharine and Thomas. Mr. Sheardown’s death occurred soon after that of his wife in 1874, at the age of seventy-one years.

Benjamin Shuttleworth, lot 27, concession 10, was born in Vaughan Township in 1843. He received a Common-school education and was brought up on his father’s farm. He learned the trade of a waggon-maker. He married Eliza Gould, daughter of John Gould. Mr. Shuttleworth’s father was a native of England, and emigrated to Canada at an early day and settled in Vaughan Township. He took an active part in the Rebellion of 1837, and being a sympathizer with Mackenzie, his house was frequently searched. He was killed by lightning in 1841.

John Smelser, deceased, was born in Germany, and came to Canada with his parents when quite a child. His father died shortly after his arrival. His mother died at sea. After the death of his father, John was bound out as an apprentice; but ran away from his master and settled in the United States. He returned again to Canada and joined the British Army, and fought during the War of 1812. The family have in their possession a medal of which he was the recipient for his bravery and fidelity. At the conclusion of the war he bought a bush farm in Vaughan Township, which he cleared and cultivated, afterwards purchasing one hundred acres in King Township. Mr. Smelser was married in the United States. His wife was Miss A. Puteraugh; of the issue of this marriage six children are living: Isaac, Daniel, Joseph, John, Kate and Mary. Through life he was exceedingly prosperous, and at his death in 1859 he left a handsome estate for the benefit of his children. Isaac Smelser was born in Vaughan Township in 1819 and was early accustomed to all work in connection with farming. In 1847 he bought lot 7, concession 8, and subsequently married Mary Ross. The family consisted of six children, four of whom are living. His first wife died and he married a second time, his wife being Susan Wells, daughter of Jacob Wells; they have three children. He is a Conservative in politics, and belongs to the Presbyterian Church.

Joseph Smelser, lot 2, concession 5, is the third son of the late John Smelser, and was born on the family homestead in 1835. Like the rest of his brothers he was brought up to farming, and endeavoured to bring his farm as near perfection as possible. He was married in 1859 to Ellen Ann Bailey, of English birth, by whom he has one son, Thomas Baldwin Smelser. He belongs to the Church of England, and is a Conservative in politics.

James Somerville, lot 19, concession 9, was born in the City of Glasgow, Scotland, in 1828, and came to Canada with his mother in 1832. She came to York County and settled in Toronto Gore, and subsequently married A. McShanack. James was brought up to farming and assisted to clear the farm where he now resides, which he purchased on his step-father’s demise. He also bought an additional two hundred acres, thus bringing the amount of acreage in his possession to three hundred, two hundred and fifty of which are under a good state of cultivation. From a small commencement Mr. Somerville has, by perseverance and hard work, got together a large estate. He was married in 1859 to Miss Flora McLachlin, by whom he had eleven children, eight of whom are living. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics is a Reformer. Mr. Somerville had only a limited education; but he has through life been a great reader, his library ranking as one of the best stocked and most complete in the section.

Robert Srigley, deceased, ranked amongst the very early settlers of Upper Canada. He came to Canada in company with his parents in 1785, who settled near Niagara. In 1808 he bought and cleared lot 34, concession 2, Whitchurch Township, where he brought up his family, which consisted of ten children, four of whom are now living, viz.: Jesse, Malon, Elisha and Christopher. During the War of 1812 he assisted to build gun-boats at Collingwood. Robert Srigley died in 1836, after a useful and prosperous career. He had acquired during his lifetime about four hundred acres of land, and besides attending well to the duties of his farm, he filled various local offices with credit, viz.: Constable, Assessor, Tax Collector, etc.

Major Stephenson, lot 33, concession 4, was born in England in 1812, and came to Canada in 1834. He settled in York County, and hired out among the farmers for the first six years after his arrival. He then rented his present farm which he held until 1850, when he purchased it. He has taken very great interest in agricultural matters, and was selected by the North York Agricultural Society to compete for the prize given to the best ploughman in the country. He obtained the first prize—being then over fifty years of age—which consisted of a silver tea service, and for this event was also presented with a gold watch by the friends of agriculture in York. He was married in England in 1834 to Mary Field; they had eleven children, nine of whom are living, viz.: William, Elizabeth, David, Phœbe, Marjory Mary, Elijah, Frank, Martha and Jane.

George Stewart, deceased, was born in 1798, and came to Canada in 1823. He settled in York County, and located in King Township, where he purchased two hundred acres of land, being lot 11, concession 4. The land when it came into his possession was quite uncleared, but by industry and perseverance he succeeded in bringing the greater portion of it under cultivation. He accumulated a fine property during his lifetime, and was in a position to give his children a fair start in the world. He died in 1864; and of a family of sixteen children, twelve were living at his death. James Stewart, lot 15, concession 9, was born in Canada in 1823. He had a Common-school education, and early acquired a knowledge of farming. He purchased his present farm, a great portion of which he has cleared, and has since added one hundred acres of lot 15, concession 8. He was married in 1846 to Miss Margaret Rankin, a native of Ireland, by whom he had twelve children, ten of whom are still living, viz.: Mary E., George, Sarah J., William, James A., Rankin, Lena, Bella, Robert W., and Ida. Mr. Stewart is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

Henry Stewart, deceased, was a native of Scotland, and came to Canada in 1831. He located in York County, and settled on lot 5, concession 2, King Township, which he cleared, and by labour and skill put his land in fine cultivation. He was a useful member of the community, and held the office of Township Councillor for many years. He was appointed Justice of the Peace, in which position he gave great satisfaction. He died in 1872 at the advanced age of eighty-five years; five children of his family survived him, viz.: Mary, James, Robert, Allison and John. James Stewart, lot 5, concession 2, son of the above, was born in Scotland in 1820, and was eleven years old when he came with his parents to Canada. He received a fair English education, and then assisted his father to clear up the farm. He now owns ninety-nine acres of land where he resides. He was married in 1845 to Miss Magdaline S. Rainey, of Bradford, whose father was an old settler. They had a family of twelve children, nine of whom are living, viz.: Henry, William, Robert, George, Agnes, Mary, Allison, Eliza and Harriet. After the Rebellion Mr. Stewart received a Lieutenant’s commission under the command of Major Armstrong. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

James Wallace Stewart, pastor of the Methodist Church, Schomberg, was born in Cookstown, Simcoe County, February 26, 1853. He is one of a family of seven children born to Mr. J. W. Stewart, who emigrated from Ireland in 1830, and settled in Simcoe County. The reverend gentleman married in 1878 Miss Ralston, of Cookstown, who died the following year, leaving one child, Gertie. He married again in 1882 to Miss Mary Cross, daughter of James Cross, of Innisville.

Christopher Stokes, deceased, was born in England in 1800, and came to Canada in 1827, and located in Aurora. He was a miller by trade, and devoted his life and energies to the business. He bought two hundred acres of land in King Township, lot 4, concession 7, in 1834, and four years later built a grist-mill. He was a thorough pioneer, cleared all his land from the bush, and made many serviceable improvements. The state of the country at that time may very well be understood when for a long time the settlers bringing their grain to be ground carried it on their backs, this being chiefly from the absence of waggons and roads. Throughout his life Mr. Stokes was very successful; and at his death, which occurred in 1868, he left an estate worth $30,000 to be divided among his six children. James Stokes, merchant, King P.O., was born in Vaughan Township in 1836. He received a Common-school education, after which he assisted for some time about the mill and farm. He moved into the Village of Springhill (King) in 1869, and opened a general agency in machinery and agricultural implements, auctioneer, etc. He began the business in 1876, and in 1881 erected his present commodious brick store and residence, where he now carries on a large and profitable business. Mr. Stokes was elected Deputy-Reeve in 1875, which position he held for six years and then resigned. He married in 1861 Miss Jeffray, only daughter of Mr. William Jeffray, who was born in little York, now Toronto, in 1803; they have three children, viz.: Ada, Hannah and William. He is a Conservative in politics.

Joseph Stokes, miller, Kettleby, is the son of William Stokes, who emigrated from Pennsylvania to Canada in 1834. William was a carpenter by trade, which business he successfully followed for twenty years, afterwards purchasing a farm in concession 5, King Township, remaining in the county until his death in 1880, aged seventy-three years. Joseph, the subject of this sketch, was born in Pennsylvania in 1832, and was only two years old when his father came to this country. After receiving a Common-school education he commenced life in the milling business. He operated his father’s saw mill for some years, and subsequently purchased his present romantic and valuable mill property in Kettleby where he resides with his family. He married in 1856 Mary Vernom, daughter of Nathan Vernom, by whom he has five children, one only (a daughter) being married, the rest are yet at home, Carrie, William F., Clinton and Cora. His father-in-law, Nathan Vernom came to Canada previous to the War of 1812, in which he took part. Mr. Stokes was elected to the County Council in 1868, and again in 1874, and served until 1882, the greater portion of which time he officiated as Reeve. He was Warden of the county in 1880. He was appointed Justice of the Peace in 1872. He is an active spirit in politics in the section, and has done good service for the Reform Party. The genial and hospitable disposition of Mr. Stokes has gained him an abundance of friends in the township, and all unite in wishing him a life full of years and continued prosperity.

John Story, deceased, was born in Lincolnshire, England, in 1834, and came to Canada when eight years of age with his parents, Peter and Charlotte Story. The family settled on lot 30, concession 11 of King Township, all of which was bush-land, which the father in time cleared. John was early made acquainted with the rudiments of farming, and assisted his father in the work of opening out the land for cultivation, and on arriving at man’s estate purchased the farm whereon his widow now lives. He also acquired by purchase one hundred acres of lot 21, concession 4, and afterwards bought the old homestead. Mr. Story was married in 1850 to Miss Hutchinson, by whom he had six children, all of whom are living, viz.: Sarah, Henry, Alfred, John and Jenny. He was a Conservative in politics, and a member of the Methodist Church. His death occurred in 1881, at the age of fifty-seven years, after having lived a very useful and energetic life.

Oliver Sturdy, deceased, was born in Yorkshire, England, and came to Canada in 1851. He settled on lot 10, concession 5, which he continued to farm until his death in 1883, at the age of eighty-three years, leaving a widow and one son.

Charles Sturdy, lot 9, concession 5, was born in England in 1834, and came to Canada with his parents. He acquired a fair education in England, and afterwards devoted his life exclusively to farming. He inherited the old homestead from his father, and has also purchased the adjoining lot, where he now lives. He has taken great interest in all school matters, and is known as a man of very good standing. Mr. Sturdy has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Jefferson; Oliver and Charles are the survivors of this union. The second marriage was to Miss Watson, daughter of John Watson, an old settler, by whom he has one child, Lizzie May. He belongs to the Church of England, and is a Conservative in politics.

George Teasedale, deceased, was born in England in 1790, and emigrated to Canada about 1820. He came to York County and settled in Markham Township, where he acquired some land, which he successfully cultivated. His death took place in 1858 through a steamboat disaster. During the Rebellion he took an active part, his services and sympathies being on the side of the Government. At his death he left two hundred and fifty acres of choice land in excellent condition to his widow and six children. Nancy Teasedale continued to reside on the farm with the family until her death in 1879. George Teasedale, lot 22, concession 3, son of the above, was born in Markham Township in 1833. He had a Common-school education, and afterwards commenced life as a farmer. He began by renting land, and afterwards bought part of it. He also purchased his present farm in this section, which he cleared from the bush. He married in 1857 Miss Susan Gaston, of Markham, by whom he had eleven children, all living but one: Albert G., Walter, Minnie, Charles, Mary, Sarah, Harvey, Ernest, Ralph and Norman. Mr. Teasedale is a member of the Methodist Church, and is a Conservative in politics.

Benjamin Terry, lot 25, concession 5, is the son of David Terry, deceased, who emigrated to Canada from Pennsylvania in 1822, and coming to York County settled near Newmarket. A few years afterwards he moved to the farm now occupied by Benjamin, where he remained until his death in 1857. Benjamin Terry was born in Pennsylvania in 1809, and was thirteen years old when he came to Canada. He took part in the Rebellion of 1837, but managed to escape arrest. He was married in 1843 to Lucilla Mount, daughter of Joseph Mount; they have ten children living: Esther, Mary, Susan, Lavinia, John A., Joseph M., Sarah, Lucinda, Franklin and Emma L.

John Thompson, lot 28, concession 10, is the son of William Thompson, and was born in King Township in 1843. He received an education such as the Common schools of that day afforded, and was brought up to farming on the old homestead. In 1877 he located on lot 28, concession 10, where he still resides with his family. He married Eliza Irwin, of Toronto, in 1866; their family consists of four children, viz.: William, born in 1868; Delia, born in 1870; Henry James, born in 1871, and John, born in 1880.

William Thompson, lot 28, concession 10, is the son of William Thompson, whose sketch appears elsewhere. He was born in King Township in 1840, and after receiving a Common-school education worked with his father on the home farm, which he still occupies. He was married in 1870 to Rebecca Irwin, of Toronto, by whom he has six children, viz.: Harold, Anna, Mary E., William R., James H. and Bertha M. The farm bears evidence of skill and attention, and is a credit to the possessor.

William Thompson was born in England in 1810, and emigrated to Canada in 1836. He located near Lloydtown, York County. In 1856 he purchased one hundred and fifty acres on lot 28, concession 9, and later on acquired lot 27, concession 9. By industry and perseverance he was in 1874 enabled to retire from active life and bought his present residence. He was married in 1833 to Ann Culley, a native of England; they have eight children, as follow: Henry, born 1834; Rachel, born 1836; Annie, born 1838; William, born 1839; James, born 1841; John, born 1842; Caroline, born 1849, and Martha, born 1853. Mr. Thompson belongs to the Episcopal Church, and is in politics a Conservative.

Jacob S. Tool, cheese factory, Aurora, was born near Kettleby in King Township in 1858. His grandfather came from Pennsylvania to Canada in 1802 and settled near Bogart Town. He afterwards removed to near Kettleby and erected the first saw-mill in this section. The father of our subject was named John, who was born on the old homestead and devoted nearly all his life to farming. He married Miss Davidson, of Bond Head; their family being as follows: Jacob S. (our subject), John B. and Sarah A., married to James Hunter, of Oakville. Jacob S. commenced his cheese factory about one year ago and has done a satisfactory local trade, its capacity being about four hundred and fifty pounds per day. The family are all Reformers in politics.

Michael Trainor, lot 9, concession 10, is the second son of the late Patrick Trainor, and was born on the old homestead in 1844. He inherited his present farm of one hundred acres, and afterwards purchased an additional one hundred acres from his brother. He was married in 1870 to Ellen Curtis, daughter of John Curtis, by whom he has six children, viz.: Loretta, Annie, Lucy, Louisa, Michael Ambrose and James A.

Patrick Trainor, deceased, was born in Ireland in 1816, and was twelve years of age when he came to Canada with his parents. The family came to Peel County, and located in Albion Township, where they remained some years, afterwards removing to King Township, York County, where the father died. Patrick was early inured to all the hardships which wait upon the pioneer, and assisted in clearing farms in Albion, Etobicoke, Toronto Gore, and King Township. He made his home on lot 9, concession 10 of King Township, which consisted of two hundred acres. The education he acquired in youth was but limited, although the absence of instruction had little or no effect on the success which attended him through life. He died in 1879, leaving a fine estate to his widow and nine children. John Trainor, lot 16, concession 9, eldest son of the late Patrick Trainor, was born on the old homestead in King Township in 1839. He has devoted his entire life to agricultural pursuits, and inherited part of his present farm. He bought one hundred and sixty-six acres on lot 17, in the same concession. He was married to Ellen O’Neill, of Ireland; they have nine children as follow: Mary A., Patrick J., Maria J., Ellen, John, Michael, James, Thomas, Hannah T. Mr. Trainor belongs to the Roman Catholic Faith, and is a Reformer in politics.

Philip Wade, deceased, was a native of Sussex, England, and came to this country prior to the Rebellion of 1837. He settled on lot 4, concession 3 of this section, the whole of which was then a wilderness. He cleared the land and put it in a good state of cultivation, and died in 1870, at the age of seventy years. John Wade, lot 4, concession 3, son of the above, was born in England in 1831, and came to Canada with his parents when only five years of age. He has all his life been connected with farming, and endured in early years all the hardships and privations of the pioneer. He purchased his father’s farm at his death, which he has continued to cultivate. He married Miss Sarah Hoover, of this township, by whom he has eight children. He belongs to the Presbyterian Church, and is a Conservative in politics.

Jesse Walton, deceased, was born in New Brunswick, being the son of a U. E. Loyalist who settled in that Province after the War of 1812. Jesse removed west to York County, U. C., in 1824, and bought a farm near Newmarket, subsequently removing to Tecumseth Township, Simcoe County, which was then complete bush. During the first few years the section was so sparsely populated that they were months together without beholding a strange face. In 1840 Mr. Walton came to King Township, and bought lot 30, concession 4, where he remained until his death in 1872. Jacob Walton, merchant, Kettleby P.O., son of the above, was born near Newmarket in 1826, and after leaving school was apprenticed to the trade of blacksmith at which he worked for about ten years. He was appointed Postmaster in 1853, and began the business of general merchant with a small stock of goods. He also bought his father’s farm on lot 30, concession 4. He built his present handsome residence in Kettleby in 1876, and has also erected other property at various times. He was married in 1876 to Mary, daughter of Thomas Lloyd, of King Township. They have seven children, viz.: Ellen, Frederick, Jane, Elizabeth, Jesse, Clara and Gertie.

John Watson, deceased, was a native of England, and came to Canada in 1833. He settled in York County, and purchased a bush farm in Vaughan, which he cleared and put under cultivation and farmed until his death in 1850, at the age of fifty. His wife was Sarah Watson, whom he married in England, and who accompanied him to Canada; she died in 1880, at the age of seventy-three. Joseph Watson was born on the old homestead in Vaughan. At the age of sixteen he was apprenticed to the trade of a blacksmith, which he has since continued to follow, and has been exceedingly prosperous. In 1859 he bought and settled upon his property, lot 1, concession 6 of King Township. He was married in 1859 to Miss Robinson, by whom he has four children living.

Thomas Webster, lot 12, concession 1, was born in England in 1828, and came with his father, William Webster, to Canada in 1842. The family settled on lot 35, concession 4, King Township, containing one hundred and twenty acres which the father cleared and afterwards cultivated. He died in 1878. Thomas remained on the family homestead until he arrived at the age of manhood, when he bought the farm which he now occupies. He married in 1851 Mary Doane, daughter of Mr. B. Doane, formerly of Pennsylvania, by whom he has seven children, viz.: Hilda, Ebenezer, William, Barbara, Joseph, Isaac and Frederick.

Milton Wells, lot 10, concession 2, was born in 1857, on concession 1 of King Township, being the son of Job Wells. He received a Common-school education, and was brought up on his father’s farm, in which vocation he has been continuously employed. He was married to Miss Lena Stewart, of King Township; they have one son, Roy S. Mr. Wells is a Conservative in politics, and belongs to the Presbyterian Church.

Isaac Willis, deceased, was born in the State of New Jersey, U. S., 1781, and came to Canada in 1803. He purchased four hundred acres of bush-land near the present Aurora Village, which he cleared and put under cultivation. He was a man of great energy and very skilful in all matters relative to agriculture, therefore it may easily be surmised that prosperity was his portion. His wife was Miss Vandyke, of New Jersey; they had eight children, six of whom are still living. He died in 1838, leaving a very handsome property. Frederick Willis, son of the above, was born on Yonge Street, York County, and was raised up to farming, to which he devoted his whole life and labour. He inherited one hundred acres of bush-land from his father, which he afterwards sold and purchased his present home, lot 5, concession 6, in 1831. He was married in 1843 to Hannah Moseley, who died leaving three children. His second union was with Mrs. Jane O’Brien, a daughter of William Jenkins. Mr. Willis is a Reformer in politics, and belongs to the Presbyterian Church. His first wife had six children, three of whom died; the survivors are living in this county, their names being: John W., Joseph A., and Jane Phœbe.

Emanuel Wood, lot 14, concession 9, was born in England in 1820, and emigrated to Canada in 1842. Having little or no means on his arrival, he worked as hired man for a number of years, until he had sufficient money to buy a farm. Having got together the necessary funds, he purchased the farm where he now resides, containing one hundred and thirty-eight acres of land. He married in 1844 Miss Mary Ann Holland, by whom he has ten children. He was a Reformer in politics.

John M. Wood, merchant and postmaster, Lloydtown, is the son of Marshall Wood, who came to Canada with his parents at an early day. The father of Mr. Wood settled on Yonge Street, and afterwards purchased lot 6, concession 6, and removed to Lloydtown, where he died in 1866. John M. was born at Lloydtown in 1847, and after receiving an ordinary English education began business as carriage-builder in Schomberg in 1867. He occupied his present locality, where he built a store and residence in 1882. He was burnt out the following year. He is now doing a flourishing business, and in addition discharges the duties of postmaster and telegraph operator. He married Miss Cameron, daughter of George Cameron, of Stouffville, by whom he has five children, three daughters and two sons: Maud, Mabel, James, Lillian and John. He belongs to the Methodist Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

VILLAGE OF AURORA.

ETH ASHTON, Reeve of the Village of Aurora, was born in 1822, on lot 16, concession 2 of Whitchurch Township. His parents emigrated from Pennsylvania, U. S., in 1818, and settled on the lot where our subject was born. He remained on the homestead until 1848, and afterwards spent some time travelling through the United States. On his return he went into store-keeping in Newmarket, and afterwards acquired possession of a general custom and grist-mill with two runs of stones, in concession 3 of Whitchurch; he also owns a farm adjoining the old homestead. He was twice married, first in 1862 to Miss Causland, who died in 1872. His second union was with Miss Todd. He has no issue.

George Bishop, carriage-builder, is a native of York Township, his father, Warren Bishop, having followed the occupation of wool-finisher and carder in that section. George learned the trade of blacksmith with Mr. William Duff, of Markham. In 1863 he went to Indiana, U. S., where he remained seventeen years, and with the exception of one year, was in business for himself during that period. He returned to Canada in 1881, and erecting the necessary buildings in Aurora, commenced the very successful business which he now conducts. His specialty consists in light buggies, of which he manufactures between three and four hundred per annum, and does a trade varying at from $20,000 to $25,000 yearly. Among the public offices at present held by him are Junior Warden, A.M., and Foreman of the A.O.U.W. He was married in 1868 to Mary Alice Foust; they have two boys, William Warren and George Bruce.

Francis Button, hotel proprietor, was born in Markham Township in 1834. His father was born in Pennsylvania in 1792, and died in 1880. In 1859 Francis married Dinah Teasdale of Headford, by whom he has a numerous family. He is a Lieutenant in No. 3 Cavalry Troop. His present hotel is styled Button’s Hotel.

F. F. Davill, proprietor of tannery, Aurora Village, was born in Middleport, 1846, and settled in York County in 1877, and commenced to operate the tannery, the business of which has grown to such extensive proportions. He employs on an average twenty men, and does a trade of about $60,000 annually. Mr. Davill is a member of the Municipal Council, a School Trustee, Master of the Lodge Rising Sun, 129 A.M., and Receiver of the A.O.U.W. He was married in 1869 to Miss Rachael Delong, by whom he has three children, viz.: Herbert Lionel, Edna Mary and Fred Wilfred.

Charles Doan, retired, was born November 6, 1808, at the settlement of the Society of Friends, on Yonge Street, lot 94. His parents were from Bucks County, State of Pennsylvania, U. S., and settled in Canada in 1806, subsequently in 1817 settling in Sharon. At the age of eighteen our subject learned the trade of shoemaker, supplementary to the farming experience he acquired, and entered into business in partnership with his cousin Elias Doan, as merchant, and afterwards with Hugh D. Willson. In 1850 he was appointed Postmaster of Aurora, to which place he had removed. Of the different events which have marked the course of Canadian History, Mr. Doan has an intimate knowledge. He is one of the few men now living who heard the sound of cannon which preceded the capitulation of York during the War of 1812. At the time of the Mackenzie Rebellion he was imprisoned for five months. He was the first Reeve of Aurora, and is an earnest advocate of the temperance cause. He is also president and manager of the Aurora cemetery ground. Mr. Doan was twice married, his first union being with Miss Mary Willson of Sharon in 1831; she died on September 6, 1848. His second marriage was in 1850 to Miss Catharine E. Willson of Sugargrove, Pennsylvania. He had seven children by his first wife, two of whom are still living, viz.: David Willson, born at Sharon, January 31, 1833; Charles Henry, born at Sharon, April 18, 1846. There is no issue to his second marriage.

David Willson Doan, the son of Charles and Mary Doan, was born at Sharon, York County, January 31, 1833. He remained at his birthplace until 1850, when he removed to Aurora with his father. In 1870 he established himself in business as dealer in groceries, drugs, paints, etc., which he continued until December 1879, when he sold his drug connection to the late Mr. S. H. Ashton. He was appointed in 1882 to the position of Postmaster in Aurora, an office for which he was exceptionally well qualified. He is also Express and Telegraph Agent, with the additional responsible offices of Treasurer of Aurora Village, the Aurora Cemetery Company, and Mechanics’ Institute. He was married in 1867 to Frances Emily Babcock, daughter of John Babcock, by whom he had three children, viz.: Mary Eliza, Florence Emily, and Clara Lilian. His first wife died in October 1872, and Mr. Doan married again, his wife being Sarah, daughter of Samuel Hamill of Nevada, U. S.; they had two children, viz.: Ethel Winnifred and Mary Grace.

Herbert W. Fleury, agricultural implement manufacturer, was born in Aurora in 1860, and was educated at Upper Canada College. His father, the late Mr. Fleury, commenced the business now carried on by the subject of this sketch in 1857; and, after an unusually prosperous career, died in 1880. The manufactures include binders, reapers, mowers, ploughs, etc., and find a ready sale in the Dominion; having also a good foreign trade.

Alfred Graham was born in Whitchurch Township in the year 1841; he is a grandson of the late Lieutenant-Colonel William Graham; his father was Adam Graham, who married in 1819 Miss McLeod, her death taking place the year following their union. Our subject’s father married again, his second wife being Elizabeth Edmondson, by whom he had eight children, six sons and two daughters. Alfred owns two hundred acres of land in this township, one hundred and forty acres of which are cleared. His mother died January 15, 1873, and his father July 1, 1874. In 1864 Alfred married Miss Sophia Jane McMacken, native of Nova Scotia, by whom he had the following children: Margaret G., born January 4, 1865; Frederick G., born July 6, 1867; Alla M., born March 10, 1869; Harry H., born May 8, 1871; Sarah Rosettie, born November 25, 1873; Alfred L., born July 6, 1876; Eva Senorah, born August 29, 1879; Charles B., born October 18, 1871.

George W. Graham, grain merchant, was born in the Township of Whitchurch, concession 2, in 1841, being a son of the late Neilson Graham and grandson of Adam Graham, who was reputed the first white child born in this township. George W. married Miss Wesley of Newmarket, Ont., by whom he has three children, viz.: Joseph, Herbert and Susan. Mr. Graham has been a member of the Village Council for two years; he conducts a very successful grain, flour and feed business.

William Halliday, butcher, was born in Aurora; his father, James Halliday, was a member of the Municipal Council. William learned his trade in Aurora and commenced business for himself in 1875; in February, 1878, he married Josephine Playter, by whom he has two children: Ethel, born, 1879 and Nellie, born 1881.

H. J. Hartman, druggist, was born in Whitchurch Township in 1853 and is the son of the late Joseph Hartman, M.P.P., who owned a farm of one hundred and sixty acres in this township. His father’s marriage with Mary Ann Cosford took place in 1843; their family consisted of six children as follows: Ann Jane, Hattie, Carrie, Thomas, Henry J. (our subject), and Clayton W. Mr. Hartman’s early education was acquired at the High School in Newmarket and afterwards at Hamilton; he received his diploma at Toronto in 1874, and the same year commenced business at Newmarket. In 1876 he came to Aurora to manage the drug business for D. W. Doan, and at the expiration of four years purchased his present stand known as the Medical Hall, which was first opened by Dr. Hillary and afterwards conducted by Mr. H. E. Connor, now deceased.

George Lemon, proprietor of the Royal Hotel, Aurora Village, was born in Markham in 1842. His father came to York County in 1836 and settled upon a farm in Markham Township, which he worked on shares with Mr. Cunningham. He, Mr. Lemon, sen’r, afterwards purchased Kirby’s Hotel at Thornhill, from which place he subsequently went to Richmond Hill. He returned to Thornhill and went back to his old farm in Markham, removing again to Thornhill and died in 1872. George learned the trade of saddler and harness-maker with Mr. R. Fleming, of Newmarket. In 1868 he bought his present property from Mr. William Lloyd, which includes the hotel, outbuildings, etc., and about one acre of land. He afterwards built a hotel in Victoria Square, Markham, which is occupied by his brother-in-law, Mr. W. Meek. In 1867 Mr. Lemon married Sophia Meek; they have three children, viz.: Lena, born 1869; Eva, born 1873; Georgina, born 1874. The Lemons, father and sons, have kept hotels on Yonge Street for the past forty years.

John W. Lloyd, bookseller and stationer, was born in York County in 1854. His ancestors came from Pennsylvania at an early day. He built his present store in 1882, at a cost of $15,000, and carries a large stock of general stationery, books, fancy goods, etc.

Scott T. Magee, carriage manufacturer, was born in County Antrim, Ireland, in 1856. He came to this continent in 1876, and landed at New York, from which city he proceeded to Toronto where he remained two years. For some time afterwards he fluctuated between Bradford, Orillia and Penetanguishene, and ultimately settled in Aurora where he follows his business of carriage-builder, having learnt his craft with Mr. W. Judhope of Orillia. He was married in October, 1880, to Miss M. J. Williams, by whom he has one son, born September 20, 1882.

William Ough, hardware merchant, was born in Cornwall, England, in 1837, and came to Canada in 1840, settling in York County. In 1869 he opened a hardware store in Aurora Village, and finding the demands of his business requiring larger premises, he acquired his present commodious store, the building of which measures twenty by sixty feet. Mr. Ough was married in 1860 to Margaret Smith, who died in 1873; they had six children, viz.: Mary, Annie, William, Margaret, John and Gertrude.

Samuel E. Philips, undertaker (late of Aurora), was born in Schomberg in 1840. He commenced business in Aurora in 1877, which combined that of undertaker and furniture dealer, and conducted it until 1885. His business reached about $9,000 per year. He was married in 1863 to Eliza Hill, by whom he has three children, viz.: Oscar Hamilton, Anna Louise and Herbert Charles. Mr. Philips was a member of the Aurora Council. He is now a resident of Toronto.

Albert Proctor, proprietor of livery stables, Aurora Village, was born in Albion Township, Peel County, in 1857, where his father kept hotel. Alfred was for some time traveller for the Toronto Reaper and Mower Company, and during that period visited the North-West and a great portion of the United States. He established his present business in 1881, and has now several first-class rigs. He was married in 1882 to Miss Waite.

John C. Querrie, carriage-builder, Aurora Village, was born in St. Heliers City, Island of Jersey, in 1845, and came to Canada with his parents when only two years of age. His father, George Querrie, emigrated from Jersey in August, 1848, and settled in Toronto, where he commenced business as builder and contractor, subsequently removing to Wellington County, where he occupied a farm. In 1851 he removed to Markham, resuming the business of builder until his death, which occurred in 1871. Our subject learned his trade as carriage-builder with William Oliver, of Markham, who afterwards removed his business to Aurora. Mr. Querrie eventually purchased his employer’s business in 1876, which he has since, with his brother, carried on under the name of “The Novelty Carriage Works.” He was married in 1870 to Miss Emily Savage; they have two children.

Philip L. Querrie, blacksmith, was born in the County of Wellington in 1848, and acquired a knowledge of his trade with Mr. George Barnbridge, of Markham. He first established himself in business in Markham in 1874, where he remained about six years, and then removed to Aurora. His present business is carried on in connection with Mr. John Querrie’s carriage works, which forms a very satisfactory combination. Mr. Querrie was married in 1874 to Mary Jane Tran, by whom he has two children.

William B. Richardson, grain merchant, was born in concession 3 of Whitchurch on July 17, 1831. His father, David Richardson, emigrated from Yorkshire, England, about 1828 accompanied by his wife. He came direct to York County, where he took up land, which he afterwards continued to cultivate. Mr. W. B. Richardson commenced his present business in February, 1866. His wife was Mary Lloyd; the issue of their union was Avarilla Ann, born March 23, 1855, died September 8, 1855; Louisa Josephine, born August 7, 1856; George Henry Stamper, born January 11, 1859; David Wilmot, born May 8, 1861, died January 7, 1885; Ella Elizabeth Jane, born September 18, 1864; Sandford Jared, born March 9, 1868, died March 18, 1869, and Anson Lloyd, born September 12, 1871, died August 22, 1872.

C. C. Robinson was born in Toronto in 1853, being a son of Hon. John Beverley Robinson, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario. Mr. Robinson is one of a family of five children, and was educated at Upper Canada College, after which he studied law. He was married at Oakridges to Miss J. McLeod, daughter of Norman McLeod, by whom he has three children. He is a member of the A.F. and A.M., also A.O.U.A. He is a Conservative in politics, and a member of the English Church. Mr. Robinson is in the practice of his profession in Aurora.

Captain Joseph F. Smith was born in the Parish of Bourne, Lincolnshire, England. His father, Joseph F., married a Miss Eliza Hardy of Spalding, in the above-named county. Mr. Smith, sen’r, died in April, 1854, at the age of forty-two years, leaving a widow, seven sons and one daughter, to mourn his loss; in consequence of a long and lingering illness, the family were not left in the best of circumstances as regards this world’s goods. Captain Smith was born on May 31, 1841, being the third son. Brought up on a farm in the Fens, up to a very short time previous to his father’s death—excepting a part of two years, during which time he was sent to school at Bourne—he saw or heard little but incidents of a farmer’s life, a great and successful farmer being his ideal of greatness. Being only in his thirteenth year at the time of his father’s death, and being the eldest of six, with a widowed mother, young Smith, only a lad, had to turn out and work in earnest to help his mother to maintain his little brothers and sisters. Although now deprived of all school tuition, he still continued to study whenever opportunity afforded, and attended both public and private night schools. At the age of eighteen he took a notion to military life, and in the year 1859 enlisted into Her Majesty’s 30th Regiment of Foot, at the ancient historic City of York, engaging with Sergeant Ackinson, of the above-named corps. The Sergeant restrained him from joining the recruits at the public rendezvous (knowing the bad results that always affect the country lad, by being thrust among recruits obtained in the large cities), and kept him in his own private quarters until the time arrived to be sent to the Training Depôt. The Depôt Companies of the 30th Regiment then formed a part of the 5th Depôt Battalion commanded by Colonel Jeffreys, at Parkhurst, Isle of Wight; to which place young Smith was sent, and posted to No. 12 Company, commanded by Captain Campbell. The good advice given by the Sergeant had not been given in vain, for Private Smith, by a steady obedience to discipline, and an eagerness to learn all the duties of a soldier soon found himself in the favour of his Captain, and while at recruits’ drill, was picked out of the squad, and sent to the Garrison School, to be examined for promotion, passed creditably and was promoted Corporal, being only about two months a soldier, and still at training. In February, 1860, Corporal Smith was sent with a draft to join the Service Companies of his Regiment at the Curragh of Kildare, Ireland, the Regiment being then under the command of Colonel J. T. Mauleverer, C.B. In June of the same year he accompanied the regiment to the Channel Islands, viz.: Jersey and Alderney, the head-quarters being at Jersey. No. 7 Company, to which Corporal Smith belonged, formed one of the head-quarter companies. In January, 1862, a general change of companies between Jersey and Alderney took place. In May of the same year the whole regiment was sent to Aldershot Camp, Lieutenant-General Penefather, commanding in chief. About this time the trouble between North and South America began to show itself very plainly. The Imperial authorities decided to send more troops to Canada, and in the latter end of June the 30th Regiment received orders to hold themselves in readiness to proceed to Canada, and on the 27th it embarked on board the steamer Great Eastern, together with the 4th Battalion 60th Rifles, and the Grey Battery of Artillery, and reached Quebec on July 6, and on the 9th and 30th disembarked on the river steamers for Toronto, Canada West, which was reached on July 12. Soon after arriving at Toronto, Corporal Smith was sent with five others for examination for the rank of Sergeant, and again came out with flying colours, the other competitors being plucked: thus when only two years and ten months a soldier he had been promoted four times, to the different grades of Corporal and Sergeant. He accompanied the regiment to Montreal in 1863, and in January 1864, returned to Toronto on leave of absence and married Miss Jane Coffin, whose acquaintance he had made while stationed at that place. Sergeant Smith participated with his regiment in the Fenian troubles of 1866, being stationed at Cornwall. In July, 1866, he took his discharge from the army, notwithstanding urgent requests from the officers of his corps to remain, having been in the service seven years, and never performed the duty of a private soldier, being promoted and becoming a non-commissioned officer before the course of training as a recruit was terminated. Mr. Smith now proceeded to Toronto, and in October of the same year entered the service of the Northern Railway of Canada. In April, 1868, he was appointed Station Agent at Sunnidale, and in August of the same year the whole village, together with the railway station, was burnt down, the conflagration originating from bush fires, and not a solitary building was saved; Mr. Smith, with the rest of the citizens, lost nearly all his personal effects, his wife and young family barely escaping with their lives from the fiery fiend. In November of same year he was appointed agent at New Lowell, and in 1870 at Gilford. In June, 1872, he was again promoted, and appointed to his present position, Agent at Aurora. During all this time he still retained a desire for military life, and in 1874 joined the Volunteer Militia Force of Canada, and was gazetted to the quarter-mastership of the 12th Battalion York Rangers; on July 1, 1879, he received his Captaincy by being gazetted to the command of No. 3 (King) Company, which commission and command he still holds. Mrs. Smith is also a native of England having been born in Harmer, Shropshire, on July 17, 1845, but coming to this country with her parents, when only four years of age. Her father and mother (who still survive, and reside in the City of Toronto) settled first at Rome, New York State, coming to Canada and settling in Toronto in May, 1855, the family consists (all surviving) of four sons and three daughters, Mrs. Smith being the eldest of the family. The result of Captain Smith’s marriage is four sons and one daughter, sons all living, the daughter dying when only a year old. Mr. Smith has been connected with the Northern Railway for the past seventeen years, and holds the entire confidence and respect of his employers and the public.

Albert Stevenson, publisher, was born in 1854. He was educated in Aurora, and learned the printing business with Mr. E. Jackson, of Newmarket. In 1877 he commenced to publish a paper called the Liberal Conservative, which was afterwards changed to the Aurora Borealis. Mr. Stevenson was married in 1872 to Miss Jackson; they have two children, viz.: George Ashton and Alberta Maud.

B. Tomlinson, farmer, was born in York County, Ontario, in 1847, being one of a family of eight children born to George and Charlotte (Mitchell) Tomlinson. Mr. Tomlinson worked on his father’s farm until 1861. In 1871 he went to the Southern States, and bought a farm of twelve thousand acres on which he raised cotton, corn, pea-nuts, etc. In 1881 he sold out and returned to Canada, and purchased a farm of three hundred acres on lot 17, concession 3 of Whitchurch. Mr. Tomlinson has been twice married, first to Annie Graham, by whom he has one daughter, Delia. In 1867 he married Mary Ann Finch; the issue of this union is one son, George, born 1869.

James Waite, proprietor of the Wellington Hotel, Aurora, was born in Tompkins County, New York State, July 28, 1842. He remained in his native State until 1862, and then came to Canada, locating for a short time after his arrival in Toronto. He subsequently went to Whitchurch where he continued in the hotel business until 1872, selling out in that year and removing to Aurora. He purchased a hotel, which he conducted for two years in connection with livery stables which were burnt down. He next secured the American Hotel, and assumed the control of that for three years, afterwards purchasing the Railway Hotel, which he sold to Mr. Button. He then built his present large and commodious hotel together with convenient attachments, where every accommodation and comfort are secured to the travelling public. Mr. Waite was married to Miss M. Graham, by whom he has two children, Isabella and Frederick.

John Webb, general contractor, was born in Towcester, England, in 1830, and emigrated to Canada and settled in Aurora, York County, in 1856. He has erected the principal buildings in Aurora, including the Queen’s Hotel, now owned by Mr. R. Wells, the Medical Hall, etc., and employs on an average ten or twelve men. He purchased half-an-acre on Yonge Street, on which he built a house 30 x 26 feet, with stabling and outbuilding, which now constitutes his present residence. He was married in 1841 to Charlotte Elizabeth Turland, of Northamptonshire, England.

George Webb, bookseller and stationer, son of the late Livell Webb, of the Township of King, was born in King Township in 1858. He was married in 1880 to Mary Case, of Aurora; they have no issue.

Richard Wells, the enterprising subject of this sketch, who is proprietor of the Queen’s Hotel, Aurora Village, was born in the Township of King in 1838. He worked on his father’s farm in that township until 1862, when he went to the gold mines of Cariboo, British Columbia. His evident desire for change is manifest, for Washington, Nevada, Vancouver’s Island, and other places were visited by him before he returned again to York County. When he did return in 1868 he began farming, and went into stock-raising, with energy and vigour, and imported a very fine class of draught and carriage horses. He took possession of the Queen’s Hotel in 1881. In the spring of 1869 he married Rachel Webb, by whom he has the following children: Kate, born 1870; Maud, born 1872; Mary, born 1874; Bertie, born 1876; Sadie, born 1878; Edith, born 1881.

Andrew Yule, Accountant, etc., was born in Scotland in 1839, and came to Canada in 1848. From the time of his arrival until 1860 he was principally occupied in farming in King Township. He then taught school for a number of years, and subsequently engaged as bookkeeper and manager in the establishment of Joseph Fleury, Esq. Mr. Yule is at present a member of the Aurora Council and School Board and Reeve of the village. He is now engaged in the management of the Aurora Agricultural Works. He was married in 1866 to Mary Jane Watson, of Schomberg, by whom he has the following children: Watson A., born 1870; John C., born 1872; Edwin W., born 1874; Edward B., born 1876, and Walter S., born 1880.

TOWNSHIP OF WHITCHURCH.

JOHN ATKINSON, lot 14, concession 4, was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1807, and came to Canada in 1830 and located in Whitchurch Township. He was married in 1832, his wife’s maiden name being Jane Watson, who was born in Yorkshire in 1805, and died in 1878. The family consisted of the following: Sarah Warran, born 1832; Thomas, born 1834, and died 1857; William, born 1836; Mary E. Scott, born 1858, died 1881; Joseph, born 1840; Jane Whitworth, born 1845; Richard, born 1846; Simeon, born 1848; John, born 1850, died 1868.

Seth Armitage, lot 92, concession 1, was born in 1796, being the youngest son in a family of seven children born to Amos and Martha Armitage. His parents were natives of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and came to York County in 1804, and settled on the farm now occupied by him. His father died in 1847; his mother died in 1840. Mr. Armitage was married in 1815, his wife being Anna Phillips, who died in 1859; their family composed the following: James, born 1816; Jane, born 1818; Seba, born 1820; John, born 1822; Mark, born 1824; William, born 1827; Elias, born 1829; Isaac P., born 1832; Sarah Ann, born 1835; Mary P., born 1837, and Eli, born 1840.

William Badgerow, lot 25, concession 8, was born in Toronto in 1833. His father, Philip Badgerow, was born in Albany, N. Y., in 1784, and settled in Toronto at an early date; he died in Ospry Township in 1854. His mother’s maiden name was Elizabeth Lemon; she is still living. William settled on his present farm in 1864, where he has under cultivation one hundred and fifty acres. He was married in 1853 to Mary Bates, by whom he has five children, Ira, William H., Philip, Milford and Rhoda.

Jesse M. Baker, merchant, Bethesda, was born in Whitchurch in 1857. He established his present business in 1882 and occupies the position of Postmaster for the Village of Bethesda. He was married in 1880 to Mary M. Eyer, a native of Markham, by whom he has two children, George E., and Abram R.

Jacob Baker, lot 8, concession 7, was born in Whitchurch Township in 1808, being the son of the late Jacob Baker, who came from Pennsylvania to Canada and located in Whitchurch Township at an early day, and died in 1817. The maiden name of the mother of our subject was Mary Law; she died in 1858. Mr. Baker has been twice married; his first union was with Elizabeth Connor in 1832, who died in 1841. In the year following her demise he married Ruby Lemmon, a native of Pennsylvania, the issue of the union being four children, viz.: John Lemmon, Abner and Carlton.

Abraham Barkey, lot 4, concession 9, was born in Markham, and settled upon his present lot in 1860. He was married in 1859 to Annie Raymer, who was born in Markham Township in 1840. They had two children, John and Sarah. Our subject’s father, Henry Barkey, was born in Pennsylvania in 1804, and settled in Markham in 1808. He died in 1876.

John Bartholomew, lot 3, concession 9, was born on lot 35, concession 7, Markham, in the year 1842, being the son of Philip Bartholomew. The latter was born in the year 1806 on lot 35, in concession 7 of Markham Township, and married in 1833 Mary Boyer, who was born in York County in 1815 and died in 1862. They had eight children, as follow: Elizabeth, Catharine, Mary Ann, Benjamin, Mahala (the two last named being twins), Sarah, Matilda and John. Mr. Bartholomew, sen’r, was married a second time in 1865, to Mrs. Mary Ann Curtis, daughter of James Lever. The grandfather of John, who heads this sketch, was born in 1779 and died in 1815; he settled Markham Township in 1800. John Bartholomew was married in 1865 to Elizabeth Jane Richards, a native of Somersetshire, England; they have five children, viz.: Louie Ornetta, Lewis Elsworth, Alma N. Blanche, Mary V. Pearl and Audrey B.

Francis Boake, lot 35, concession 6, is the owner of one hundred acres in this township, in addition to which he owns six hundred and forty acres in Manitoba. He was born in York Township in 1836, and located on his present lot in 1859. He is of Irish extraction, his father, Edward Boake, having been born in Tipperary, Ireland, in 1811 and emigrated to Canada in 1825, and is at present living in York Township. Mr. Boake, sen’r, was married in 1835 to Sarah Boake, also a native of Tipperary, by whom was born to him the following children: Francis, Benjamin, Maria, John T., Ellen, Sarah, Charlotte, Rebecca, Norman (died in infancy), Robert, Wellington, Ephraim, Bartholomew, Norman and Louise. Francis was the eldest son of his father’s large family and in 1859 settled on the farm in Whitchurch now owned by him. He has been very active in all matters relative to the improvement of the township and was formerly in the Municipal Council. He has been a Justice of the Peace for seven years, in which position he has given general satisfaction. He is the present Postmaster of Shrubmount. On January 23, 1862, he was united to Sarah Thirsk, who was born in East Gwillimbury, May 23, 1838, and died May 5, 1881. By his marriage he had two children: Clara L. and Elizabeth M.

John T. Boake, lot 35, concession 6, is the fourth in order in the family of Mr. Edward Boake, mentioned in another sketch. He was born in York Township in 1839, and settled on his present farm in Whitchurch in 1867, known as Eden Grove. He was married in 1867 to Sarah Wilson, who was born in Toronto in 1842; their family consists of the following: Ada M., Martha L., Rachel R., Edgar J. T., and Byron F. E.

Joshua Bogart, lot 31, concession 2, is the son of John Bogart alluded to in another sketch. He was born on the lot where he now resides in 1818, and was married in 1841 to Priscilla Penrose, who was born in York County in 1821, and died in 1852, having given birth to six children, viz.: Charles, born 1843; Albert, born 1844; Alonzo, born 1846; Joseph, born 1848; John E., born 1850, and Harriet, born 1851. He was again married, his second wife being Delia Glenson, in 1854; she was born in Pennsylvania in 1822, and came with her people to York County in 1834. Three children are the result of this union: Ira, born 1855, died 1870; Arthur, born 1859, died, 1860, and George, born 1867.

Philip Bogart, lot 31, concession 2, was born on June 18, 1804, in the homestead where he now resides. His father, John Bogart, was born in New York State, September 19, 1758, and settled in Whitchurch Township, York County, in 1803, and died September 7, 1842. His mother’s maiden name was Mary Opp, who was born in New Jersey, October 10, 1754, and died January 2, 1843. Philip was one of a family of six children, whose names and dates of birth are as follow: Anna, born 1788; John, born 1789; he was Clerk and Treasurer of Whitchurch for many years; Margaret, born 1792, died in infancy; Mary M., born 1795; Hannah, born 1796; Catharine, born 1799, and Philip, born 1804 (the subject of this notice). The family are of German extraction, Philip’s grand-parents having been born there, afterwards emigrating to America and settling in New York State. Philip Bogart has been thrice married; first in 1828 to Britannia Hodge, whose Christian name was acquired from the fact that she was born on the vessel of that name which conveyed her parents to this continent. She died in 1838, leaving as a legacy to her husband three children, viz.: John P., born 1829; Mary Starr, born 1832, and Lyman, born 1834. Mr. Bogart’s second wife was Hannah Walton, who was born in New Brunswick in 1807, and died April 6, 1850, by whom he had one child, Eliza Britannia, born 1839; she is married to Reuben Jenison, of Barrie, Ont. His third marriage took place in 1850 to Adeline Gleason, a native of Massachusetts, U. S.; the fruit of this union is two children, twins, born November 29, 1855—Franklin, who lives in Cleveland, Ohio, and Wellington, a photographer at Newmarket. J. P. Bogart is the eldest son of the above, and was born in 1829. He was married in 1852 to Rhoda A. Gody, who was born in York County in 1827; they have three children: Walter, William Henry and George A. Lyman Bogart is the youngest son of Mr. Philip Bogart by his first wife, and was born in 1834. He married in 1863 Arietha Haigh, a native of Ontario County, born in 1834, by whom he has one child, Lewis C.

Abraham Brillinger, jun’r, lot 10, concession 5, was born where he now resides in 1849. His father, the late Daniel Brillinger, was born in Whitchurch in 1823 and died in 1880. His mother was Jane Reid, who was born in Ireland in 1827 and died in 1880; they have seven children, viz.: Abraham, Nancy, Samuel, Elijah, Nathaniel, Mary Jane and Enoch.

Abraham Brillinger, lot 2, concession 4, was born in Whitchurch Township in 1820. His father, John Brillinger, was born in Pennsylvania in 1796 and died in 1874. Abraham was married in 1842 to Elizabeth Gower, a native of Pennsylvania, who died in 1847. His second marriage was in 1860 to Elizabeth Horner, a native of Markham Township, by whom he had two children, Fanny and Nancy.

George Brillinger, lot 3, concession 4, was born in Whitchurch in 1816. He is a son of the late Peter Brillinger, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1788 and died in this township in 1865. His mother was Sarah Fauckler, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1791 and died in 1862. Mr. Brillinger was married in 1839 to Fanny Heise, a native of Markham, by whom he has six children: Elizabeth, Nancy, Fanny, Martha, Chrystal and George.

Charles J. Brodie, lot 2, concession 5, was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1834, being the son of George Brodie who was born in Aberdeenshire in 1791. Mr. Brodie, sen’r, came to Whitchurch in 1835 and continued to reside there until his death in 1881. He was a member of the Township Council several years. Charles J. now lives on the old homestead, and was married in 1860 to Ellen Spafford, of Markham Township, by whom he has six children, viz.: Harriet J., Charles J., George, Mary, William and Mable. Mr. Brodie has for some time been a member of the Whitchurch Township Council, and is at present Deputy-Reeve.

James Brown, deceased, was another son of William Brown, sen’r, and was born in Markham, May 8, 1813, but when still a small boy his father removed into Whitchurch, near the present Village of Stouffville. He was married in 1843 to Barbara, daughter of Cornelius Johnson, born in Markham in 1825. Three children were born to them, John J., Mary Jane and Elizabeth Ann. His death occurred August 7, 1882. Politically he was always a staunch Reformer; he sided with the Patriots during the troubles of 1837; was present under Mackenzie in the skirmish at Montgomery’s Farm; afterwards went to the States, where he had many relatives, but soon returned and lived on his farm near Stouffville till the time of his death. He lived a quiet life, was a good and esteemed citizen, and an earnest supporter of the British connection.

James Brown, retired, Stouffville, was born in Niagara in 1801. His father’s name was James Brown, who was born in Somersetshire, England, in 1752, and early joined the English Navy, and in that arm of the service took part in the Revolutionary War. He settled in Pennsylvania and married in 1779 Mary Marr, by whom he had the following children: William, born 1780, died 1855; Margaret, born 1781, died 1874; Elizabeth, born 1783, and is still living in Illinois; Susan, born 1786, died 1857; Hannah, born 1788, died 1868; Joseph, born 1790, died 1873; Mary, born 1793, died 1862; Jane, born 1796, died 1857; John, born 1799, died 1860, and James, born 1801. As will be noted, James is the youngest son of his father’s family, and, with the exception of a sister living in Illinois, is the only representative now living of a somewhat numerous family. He was married to Catharine Long, who was born in 1795 and died in 1876. Their family was as follows: Elizabeth, born 1824; Joseph, born 1826; Philip, born 1827; Rachael, born 1829; John, born 1831, died 1832; Polly, born 1832, died 1833; Catharine, born 1834; Phœbe, born 1838, died 1881.

William Brown, jun’r, lot 1, concession 10, was born in 1824 on the lot where he now lives, being the son of William Brown, sen’r. He was married in 1848 to Margaret Kribs, whose birthplace was in Wentworth County, Ontario; they had two sons, John W., born in 1851, and Albert C., born in 1863.

William Carlisle, lot 2, concession 2, is a native of County Down, Ireland, where he was born in 1806. He emigrated to Canada in 1818, and some time afterwards settled on the farm on which he now resides and cultivates about one hundred acres of land. He has two children, Samuel and Ann A.

Andrew Clubine, deceased, was born in New Jersey, U. S., in 1763. His wife was Eliza Viles, to whom he was united in 1791, she being born in 1768. He came to Canada in 1801, and settling in York County, located on Yonge Street, about ten miles north of Toronto. Two years later he removed to lot 88, concession 1, of Whitchurch Township, where he remained until his death in 1838, his wife having died five years previous. He had seven children, viz.: Mary, born 1793; Keturah, born 1795; Ezra, born 1798; Nancy, born 1801; Frederick, born 1805; Andrew, born 1807, and John, born 1811. The last named, John Clubine, resides on the old homestead, and is a farmer of three hundred and fifty acres. He has been twice married, the first time to Elizabeth Butler, who was born in Oneida County, N. Y., in 1817. The issue of this union was five children: Francis E., born 1839; Mary Jane, born 1842; William Henry, born 1844; Richard A., born 1847, died in infancy; John R., born 1849. Mr. Clubine’s second marriage took place in 1853, his wife being Sarah Jane Inglehurst, who was born in 1829, and died in 1884, by whom he had five children: Ezra F., born 1854; Cyrus J., born 1857; Edwin J., born 1861; Andrew F., born 1864, and Justus J., born 1868.

J. W. Collins, lot 31, concession 2, was born in Uxbridge Township, Ontario County, July 16, 1815, and was brought to Whitchurch Township when an infant. His father, Joseph Collins, was born in 1782, who married in 1810, Annie Bogart, settling in Uxbridge soon after that event; he was a millwright by trade, and built the first mill in that section; he was accidentally killed in the mill in 1815. His widow afterwards married Mr. E. Lewis, and died May 1, 1870. J. W. Collins has followed his late father’s business as millwright, having also owned and cultivated a farm; he has, however, for some time been living in retirement, except that he has held the office of Clerk and Treasurer of Whitchurch for thirty-two years. He married in 1838 Caroline T. Gibbs, eldest sister of the Hon. T. N. Gibbs. The issue of their marriage was five children, viz.: Emily C., born July 8, 1839, died March 10, 1842; John B., born 1841, died 1860; Caroline A., born 1843; Sarah E., born 1846, died July 24, 1847, and William E., born 1847.

James Daley, Stouffville, was born in St. John’s, Newfoundland, in 1832, and settled in Stouffville in 1854, and engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes, the management of the business being now in the hands of his son, R. J. Daley. He was married in 1855 to Rosanna Rafferty, who was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1833; she died in 1873. They had seven children: R. J., Mary A., Francis, Susan, James, Josephine and Margaret Jane.

R. J. Daley, boot and shoe merchant, Stouffville, was born in Stouffville in 1857. The business was established by his father in 1854, and has been carried on by R. J. Daley since 1876. He is the owner of what is known as “Daley’s Block,” comprising three stores, bank, public hall, law offices, mechanics’ institute rooms, etc. It was erected in 1882; he is also owner of the large music hall, roller skating-rink and curling-rink, erected in 1885. Mr. Daley has been a member of the Village Council for three years, and a Director of the Board of Management of the Mechanics’ Institute. He married in 1875 Lucinda Bentley, who was born in Pickering in 1852. They have three children: Lewis R., Celia M. and Florence G.

James Dougherty, hardware merchant, Stouffville, was born in Markham Township in 1838. He taught school for about thirteen years, and was afterwards engaged as clerk in a mercantile house. He commenced business for himself in the hardware trade in 1878, and is now doing a large and profitable business, in which he employs two clerks. He has been Reeve of the Village of Stouffville four years, and was formerly a member of the Markham Township Council. He was married in 1861 to Charlotte Jones, of Whitchurch Township, by whom he has a family of five children. Mr. Dougherty’s father, Samuel Dougherty, emigrated from Ireland in 1796, and settled in Whitchurch in 1841; he died in 1882.

Walter Foot, lot 31, concession 6, was born in Dorsetshire, England, in 1810, and emigrated to Canada, settling in Whitchurch Township, York County, in 1835. His wife’s maiden name was Jane Taylor, their union taking place in 1847. They have four children, James Walter, John H., Ann Rebecca and Jane E.

Robert Gray, lot 21, concession 7, was born in the County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1830, and settled in Whitchurch in 1847. His father, William Gray, was a soldier in the British Army and served through the Peninsular War and was also present at the Battle of Waterloo. He came to Canada in 1849, and died in 1873, at the age of ninety-six years. Our subject’s mother was Jane Folyard, who was born in 1787 and died in 1879. The family consisted of eight children: John, Jane, David, Robert, Sarah, Edward, Mary and Jane. Robert married in 1857 Sarah E. Teed, a native of Lincolnshire, England, by whom he has six children: George H., Robert F., Minnie E., Wesley H., Edgar H. and Ida S.

Aaron B. Haines, lot 21, concession 2, is the descendant of a New Jersey family, his grandfather, Samuel Haines, having emigrated from that State to Canada when quite a young man, and died in East Gwillimbury Township in 1874. His father was Israel Haines, who was born in Uxbridge, Ontario County, in 1814 and came to York County in 1822. His mother was Sarah Doan, who was born in 1814. His parents are still living and reside in East Gwillimbury. Aaron was born in East Gwillimbury Township in 1845, and settled on the lot he at present occupies in 1876, which contains one hundred acres. In 1873 he married Eliza Usherwood, by whom he has three children, George B., Ethel A. and Leslie D.

John Hartman, deceased, was born in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, June 24, 1779, and was of German extraction. He married in 1804 Mary Webb, also a native of the same State, and five years later emigrated to Canada and settled in Whitchurch Township. He located on Yonge Street on lot 80, concession 1, where he lived until his death. He had born to him the following children: Emily, born 1805, died 1828; Lavinia, born 1807, died 1827; Harriet, born 1809, died in 1829; Lot, born 1811, married J. Wells, and died in 1850; Silas, born 1813, died 1835; William, born 1815, died 1883; Thomas, born 1818, now living in Colorado; Joseph, born 1821, died in 1859 (he was M.P. for North York); Nancy, born 1823, married to Thomas Cosford and lives in London, Ontario; Samuel, born 1826, married Sarah Ashton in 1847, and died in 1858. The children of Samuel Hartman are Mary, born 1848, died 1851; Lot L., born 1850; Elma, born 1853, married to G. T. Smith and resides in Aurora; Eliza, born 1855, married Clark Playtor, who resides in concession 5. Lot L. is now in possession of the old homestead, and at present occupies the position of Deputy-Reeve of Whitchurch. He was married in 1872 to Harriet Armstrong, who was born in 1850; they have three children, Warren, born 1873, died in infancy; Laura E., born 1875, and Lorne A., born 1878.

Robert Hill, merchant, Ballantrae P.O., was born in Whitchurch Township in 1833, being the son of Alexander Hill, who was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1800, and came to Canada in 1831 and died in 1872. Robert followed the trade of carpenter until 1870, when he established himself in business at Ballantrae and keeps a general store. He is also Postmaster. He was married in 1860 to Eliza Dafoe, a native of Markham Township, by whom he has three children: William A., Mary Ann and Newton A.

Dr. James J. Hunter, lot 16, concession 6, is a native of Yorkshire, England, and was born in 1822. He came to Canada with his parents, who settled first at Niagara in 1823; from there they removed to Whitby, where his father practised medicine. They subsequently left there for Hautland, New York State, where they stayed until 1840, and returning to Canada in that year settled in Newmarket, York County. Dr. Hunter studied medicine, and graduated at Geneva, N. Y., and afterwards attended lectures at the New York Medical University. He commenced the practice of his profession at Newmarket, in which town he remained about twenty years, being Reeve of the Council during six years of that period. In the year 1860 he went to New York City, where he practised three years, when he returned to Newmarket and resuming his former practice, again was elected Reeve. In 1870 he took up his residence on his present lot, and purchased a saw-mill and a tract of timber, which he has since operated, besides which he does a little farming. He has not, however, allowed the latter enterprises to interfere with the practice of his profession, which he still follows. Dr. Hunter has been a Justice of the Peace for twenty-five years, a position for which he is eminently fitted. He was married in the year 1842, his wife being Rachel Lundy, daughter of Isaac Lundy; she was born in Whitchurch in 1822. Three children are the issue of their union: Louisa C., born 1844, married to Edward Campbell, and resides in Uxbridge; Mary E., born 1848, married to Martin Heaton, and residing in Montreal; James W., born 1859, Physician and House Surgeon to the Invalid Hospital, Buffalo. He is a Liberal in politics. Dr. Hunter’s father, James Hunter, was born in England in 1796, and as we have before mentioned, came to Canada in 1823. He practised medicine in Whitby until 1837, that being the year of the Rebellion, and he was suspected by the authorities for complicity in that movement; he was arrested and imprisoned, but was released on finding bail of $16,000. He stayed until his trial was announced, and on returning was acquitted, the day of his trial being the one on which Launt and Matthews were executed. He was afterwards threatened with re-arrest, but managed to reach the States before he could be detained. He returned to Canada and resided for some time in Newmarket. He died in Buffalo in 1850.

John Irwin, lot 23, concession 8, whose birth-place was Markham Township, located on his present farm in this section at an early day. He was born in 1825, and in 1847 was married to Sarah Macklen; the fruit of this union being the following children: Margaret Ann, Martha, George, Jane and John. Mr. Irwin’s father, Samuel Irwin, was born in County Tyrone in 1794, and came to Canada at an early day; he died in Whitchurch in 1853. His mother’s maiden name was Elizabeth Davis, who died in 1869. Mr. Irwin cultivates one hundred and thirty acres of land and also takes considerable interest in Municipal affairs, having been a member of the Township Council for the past seven years.

John Jamieson, Springbrook Farm, west half of lot 8, concession 8, Whitchurch, was born on this farm in 1835. His father, James Jamieson, was born near Glasgow, Scotland; he settled in York County in 1820, and died in 1840. His mother was a native of London, England; she emigrated to Canada in 1816, and died in 1848. Mr. John Jamieson was married in 1856 to Mary Ann Lemon, a native of Whitchurch, and youngest daughter of Baltes and Mary Lemon, by whom he had the following children: James H., born 1858, who died in 1862; Elizabeth Jane, born 1860, died 1862; Matilda Ann, born 1862, died in 1882; Mary A., born 1863; Thomas H., born 1865; Lydia J., born 1868; Ettie E., born 1873. Mr. Jamieson was a member of the Council of this township for seven years; during five years of this time, 1878-1883, he held the position of Deputy-Reeve; he has also been a Justice of the Peace for several years.

John H. Johnson, lot 5, concession 8, was born in Whitchurch Township, October 1, 1858, being the son of the late Robert Johnson, who was born in this township in 1820, and died October 14, 1883, and who, during his lifetime followed the occupations of blacksmith and farmer. His mother’s maiden name was Lydia Macklen, also a native of Whitchurch. He was married to Barbara Jane Wheeler, a native of Whitby, by whom he has one child, Zella A. Mr. Johnson belongs to the Christian Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

Norman Jones, lot 3, concession 8, was born in New York State in 1801, being the son of Timothy Jones, born in the same State in 1780. Norman came to Canada in 1819 and was engaged in school teaching for ten years. He subsequently commenced farming, which he has since continued. He was a member of the first Council of York County, and was appointed a Justice of the Peace, but did not qualify. He is at present cultivating one hundred acres. He married in 1831 Theresa Patterson, who was born in 1814, and died in 1859. His second marriage was to Belora Patterson, who was born in 1829, and died in 1870. He had by his first wife eleven children: Maxon, Emmiline, Diana, Alanson, Abigail, Charlotte, Lyman, Adeline, Eveline, Margaret Angeline and Alma Augusta. By his second wife he had one daughter, called Minette.

Luke Jordan, lot 21, concession 5, was born in the County of Mayo, Ireland, in 1813, and came to Canada in 1836, and settled on the lot where he now resides. In 1846 he married Julia Foot, who was born in England in 1819. They have a family of ten children: Joan, Thomas, Frank, Luke, Job, Samuel, Sarah, Mary Ann, Julia Ann and Martha Jane. Mr. Jordan’s father was James Jordan, who died in Whitchurch in 1849.

James Lemon, lot 12, concession 5, was born on the farm where he now resides in 1840. He was married in the year 1865 to Mary Ann Jordan, who was born in 1845; five children are the issue of this union, viz.: Sarah E., born 1866; Isaac, born 1868; William J., born 1870; Mary L., born 1879, and Delia, born 1884. Mr. Lemon’s father was born in New Jersey in 1796, and emigrated to Canada, settling in Whitchurch Township, York County, in 1834; he died in 1869. Our subject’s mother was Mary Mendenhall, who came from the same place; she died also in 1869.

Dr. R. C. Lloyd, deceased, was born in Stouffville in 1845, and was a son of the late Dr. Scott Lloyd, of English birth. He married in 1867 a daughter of Alexander Sangster, Esq., of London, England. Her father was born in 1821, and died in 1866. Her mother’s maiden name was Amelia Patterson, who was born in Whitchurch, York County, in 1830, and died in 1865. Dr. Lloyd died in 1872, leaving his widow with one child—Edwin C. Lloyd—who resides in Stouffville. He was a Methodist in religion, and a Reformer in politics.

Thomas Lloyd, lot 5, concession 3, whose birthplace is Whitchurch Township, is the son of James Lloyd, who emigrated to York County from Pennsylvania in 1808, and is still living. His mother was Anna Walker, who was born in York County in 1804, and died in 1873. Thomas was born in 1827, and was married in 1865 to Sarah Hutchinson; they had four children: O. J., Cora May, Laura Anna and Emily Mabel. Mr. Lloyd cultivates two hundred and eighty-three acres of land, and in connection with municipal affairs has been Councillor and Deputy-Reeve. He is also Collector for the Township, and has been for a number of years President of Whitchurch Agricultural Society.

William J. Lloyd, lot 79, concession 1, first saw light in 1824, his birthplace being the lot on which he now resides. His father, James Lloyd, was born in Pennsylvania in 1781, and emigrated to Canada in 1810, settling in Whitchurch Township, York County, where he died in 1868. William J. was married in 1853 to Sarah Webb, grand-daughter of Isaac Webb, who settled in York County in 1808. Their issue was thirteen children, nine of whom are still living: John W., James B., William J., George W., Senneca D., Albert B., Harvey C., Florence E. and Bertha. Mr. Lloyd has six hundred and forty acres under cultivation, and also operates a saw-mill on the home farm.

John Lundy, lot 26, concession 5, is the son of the late John Lundy, who was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 1772, and came to Canada in 1801, settling in Whitchurch Township where he died in 1855. Our subject’s mother was Elizabeth Toole, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1760. John was born in Whitchurch Township in 1810, and in 1837 married Hannah Penrose, by whom he had the following children, viz.: Daniel, born 1839; George, born 1840; and Mary Ann Randall, born 1845.

Robert McCormick, lot 31, concession 7, was born in Niagara County, New York State, in 1818. His father, Nathaniel McCormick, was a native of Belfast, Ireland, and while still a youth emigrated to Pennsylvania, U. S., subsequently removing to Niagara, Ont., where he married Eleanor Campbell, who was a descendant of a U. E. Loyalist family, afterwards removing to Porter, N. Y. Both spent their lives there. Robert McCormick early learned the trade of millwright, and in 1842 settled on the Don, east of Toronto, where he entered into the millwright business, and built twenty-two mills in the Counties of York and Ontario. In 1854 he established himself as a lumberman in the north-east part of Whitchurch—then an entire wilderness—and is properly called the father of Vivian Village. He has been extensively engaged in lumbering and latterly in farming and mercantile business, being the owner of one thousand four hundred acres of land. He has been a member of the Municipal Council fourteen years, and a J.P. upwards of twenty years. He was married in 1844 to Elizabeth Latham, a native of Ireland, born in 1826, by whom he has seven children, viz.: Margaret E., Elizabeth, Mary, William A., Robert L., Nathaniel and George S. In religion he is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics is a Conservative.

John McMillan, lot 31, concession 3, was born in Wigton, Scotland, in 1835, and came to Canada in 1849. He settled in Whitchurch, York County, where he has successfully followed agriculture. He has been married twice, his first wife being Edith Wilson, who was born in 1837, and died in 1872. By that union he had four children, viz.: John A., born 1859, who is an M.D.; Joseph E., Henry M., and Ida Laura. His second marriage was in 1877, to Eliza Ann Powell, who is a native of East Gwillimbury, by whom he has four children, viz.: Elva J., Morvin J., Loyal E., and Etta V.

W. H. Major, lot 74, concession 1, was born in Pickering Township, Ontario, in 1839, being the son of Henry Major, who was also born there in 1808. His mother’s maiden name was Mary Jane Smith; she was born in Pickering the same year as her husband, and died in 1844; they had six children. Our subject’s father was married a second time, his wife being Lydia A. Hawkins, a native of New Brunswick, by whom he had ten children. Mr. William Henry Major settled on his present farm in 1872, which contains one hundred and seventy acres, in addition to which he follows the business of an auctioneer. He was married in 1867 to Mary Jane Burgess, who was born in Pickering Township in 1844, by whom he has four children, viz.: Ellsworth E., Ella E., Ida Medora, and Maud Ethel. Mr. Major’s grandfather, John Major, was one of the first settlers in Pickering Township.

Jacob Miller, deceased, whose birth-place was Erin County, N. Y., and the date 1784, was one of a family who rank amongst the earliest settlers in York County. They settled in Markham Township in 1796, and located on lots 21 and 22, concession 9, where Jacob lived and followed the occupation of farmer for many years. He died in 1868. He was married in 1810, to Phœbe Gould, aunt to Mr. Jay Gould, the well-known financier; she was born in 1786 and died in 1852, being the mother of sixteen children, all of whom lived to have families of their own. Their names are as follow: Hiram, Joshua, Avery, Jacob, Alfred, Mary, Robert, Abel, John, James, Warren, Martha, Elijah, Nancy, Lorinda and Nathan. At his death Jacob Miller could count of his direct descendants as many as one hundred and eighty persons. Elijah Miller, hotel proprietor, Stouffville, is the thirteenth in order of the family of the late Jacob Miller, and was born on the old homestead in Markham in 1831. He lived at home with his parents until he arrived at the age of twenty-five when he became agent for a firm of agricultural implement-makers, which employment he followed for a number of years. In 1870 he entered the hotel business at Ballantrae, but sold out there after an experience of seven years. He then established his present hotel in Stouffville, called the Mansion House where, as host of that deservedly well-patronized hotel, he has full opportunity of showing his capacity for management. Mr. Miller was married in 1854 to Mary Jane Read, who was born in Markham Township in 1835; by whom he has eight children, viz.: Charlotte, Sophia, Frank D., Catharine, Fred, Harry, James and William, all of whom are living.

Samuel Pegg, lot 27, concession 9, is the son of the late Samuel Pegg, who was born in Pennsylvania, U. S., in 1785, and died in this township in 1870. His mother was Nancy Purdey, who was born in the same State in 1800, and came to York County in 1802; she died in 1881. Samuel was born in the Township of East Gwillimbury in 1837, and settled on his present lot in 1880. He was married in 1862 to Caroline Swigley, who died in 1872; he had six children by this union, viz.: Andrew, Lydia, Mary, George E., Ethel and Jesse S. He married again in 1876, his wife being Mary Ann Bradshaw, a native of Peel County; they have two children, Caroline and Herbert.

John Playter, lot 27, concession 2, was born in Whitchurch, in 1834, being a son of the late Welden Playter, who was born in York County in 1806, and died in 1869. His mother was Priscilla Haines, who is still living in Aurora. Mr. Playter was married in 1860 to Margaret Lloyd, who was born in 1840, by whom he has four children. He cultivates one hundred and fifty acres of land, and is generally recognized as a first-class farmer. Mr. Playter is a Liberal in politics, and in religion an adherent of the Methodist Church.

Joseph Pretty, lot 6, concession 4, was born in Devonshire, England, in 1804, and settled in Whitchurch Township in 1833. He was married in 1842 to Catharine Hilts, who was born in Markham in 1816. Their family consisted of the following children: Mary Oliver, born 1843; Elizabeth Ratcliffe, born 1845; Hezekiah, born 1847; Frederick, born 1850; David, born 1853; the last named was married to Mary Jane Terry in 1882.

John Randall, lot 30, concession 3, is the son of the late Joseph Randall, a native of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, who settled in Whitchurch in 1801, where he died in 1825. His mother’s maiden name was Huldah Westley, who died in 1857. John was born in Scarboro’ Township in 1813, his parents having removed from Whitchurch to Scarboro’ about this period, returning however to the former township in 1817. He now farms three hundred and fifty acres of land, in addition to which he is the owner of considerable village property. He takes great interest in municipal affairs, having occupied the position of Councillor, Deputy-Reeve and Reeve, his connection with the Council having now lasted fifteen years. He was married January 21, 1852 to Ellen Dales, a native of Yorkshire, England, five children being the result of this union, viz.: Agnes, born 1853, married to George Fisher, and lives in Halton County; Caroline, born April 12, 1856, died June 17, 1856; Mary, born September 7, 1857, married to John E. Dickens, and lives in Newmarket; Joseph R., born September 29, 1860, and Huldah, born October 2, 1863.

Job Scott, lot 13, concession 4, was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1811, and settled in Canada in 1830. He was married in 1837 to Emma Foot, a native of Dorsetshire, England, by whom he had eight children, viz.: William, born 1828; Thomas, born 1840, died 1883; James, born 1843; Mary Ann Watson, born 1846; Stephen, born 1849, died 1873; John, born 1857; Henry, born 1854, died 1880; Albert, born 1859.

Daniel Shaffer, lot 5, concession 5, was born in 1844 on the lot where he now resides, being the son of Joseph Shaffer, who was born in Markham, November 20, 1808, and settled in Whitchurch in 1840; he died in 1833. His mother, Sarah Shank, was born in Markham Township, April 7, 1825, and died July 10, 1848. Daniel was the only issue of this union, his father having been married twice—his second wife died in 1873. He has always remained on the homestead, and on October 10, 1865, one year after his mother’s death, he married Barbara Burkholder, who was born in Markham June 20, 1834; they have three children: Sarah Ann, born May 22, 1867; Adeline, born June 23, 1869, and Abraham, born October 30, 1872.

George H. Silvester, merchant and Postmaster, Ringwood, was born in London, England, in 1827 and came to Canada in 1851, and located at Ringwood, Whitchurch Township, York County, in 1853, where he has since that year been engaged as a merchant. He was appointed to the position of Postmaster in 1856, which office he still retains. He was a Commissioner in 1861, and the following year elected to a seat in the Municipal Council. Mr. Silvester was married in 1854 to Diana Adelaide Jones, daughter of Norman Jones, by whom he had five children: William A., Alice H., Fanny A., George E. and Frederick W.

Christopher Smith, lot 7, concession 3, is a native of Northumberland, England, having been born there on November 26, 1804. He came to Canada in 1831, and settled in York County, occupying his present farm in Whitchurch since 1840. He cultivates two hundred acres of land and additionally has the reputation of being a very clever Veterinary Surgeon, at which profession he has practised for sixty years, being succeeded by his son Henry, who is a graduate of the Ontario Veterinary College, Toronto. He married in 1832 Susannah Steel, who was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1813; they had a family of twelve children as follow: William, born in 1833; John, born 1834; Robert, born 1836; George, born 1838; Thomas, born 1840, died 1843; Elizabeth, born 1843, died 1871; Christopher, born 1845, died 1848; Ann, born 1848, died in infancy; Henry, born 1849; Mary Ann, born 1852, died 1853; Hannah, born 1854; Seth, born 1857.

George Smoken, lot 30, concession 9, was born in Wiltshire, England, in 1839 and settled in this township in 1858. He was married in 1860 to Malath Jagger, born in Yorkshire, England, in the year 1835; they have seven children, viz.: James, Sarah, David, George, Emma, Maud and Effie.

David Stouffer, merchant, is descended from a Pennsylvania family. His grandfather, Abraham Stouffer, emigrated from the Quaker State in 1804, and settling in Whitchurch Township, became possessed of six hundred acres of land, a portion of which now constitutes the Village of Stouffville, and from whom it acquired its present title. He died in 1855. Our subject’s father, Abraham Stouffer, was born in Stouffville in 1806, and was a farmer by occupation. He married in 1828 Esther Lehman; their family consisted of nine children, as follow: John, born 1828; Abraham, born 1830; Samuel, born 1832; Jacob, born 1834; Elizabeth, born 1837; Christian, born 1839; Hannah, born 1842, died in infancy; David, born 1844, and Simeon, born 1846. David was the youngest but one of his father’s family, and is in business as a general merchant in Stouffville. In 1867 he married Ellen Parsons, of Lincolnshire, England. Mr. Stouffer is a member of the Village Council. Abraham Stouffer is the second eldest son of Abraham Stouffer, sen’r. His present residence is on lot 2, concession 9, where he owns two hundred acres of land. He was married in 1852 to Elizabeth Sherrick, of Markham; their family is composed of the following: Christiana, Fanny, Elizabeth, Noah, Esther, Adeline, Mary Ann, Josephine, Martha and Abraham S. Simeon Stouffer is the youngest son of Abraham Stouffer, sen’r, and was born in 1846. His wife was Miss Sarah Webb, a native of King Township, by whom he had four children: Laura A., Luella R., Mary Jane and Frederick W. Mr. Stouffer lives on the homestead of his ancestors, and is also the owner of a farm in Simcoe County.

William Swales, retired, is a native of Yorkshire, England, and was born in 1805. He came to Canada in 1844 and settled in York County, being now the owner of one hundred and thirty-six acres of land on lot 14, concession 9, of Whitchurch Township, which is now farmed by his son David. Mr. Swales was married in February, 1831, to Elizabeth Brown, who was born November 5, 1808, and died August 11, 1884; their family was as follows: Ann, born 1832, married to Robert Curtis, and living in Markham Township; James, born 1834, died 1882; Jane, born 1835, married to Alexander Seaton, and lives near Bloomington; William, born 1837, died in infancy; Elizabeth, born 1839, married to Robert Greenbury, and living in Markham Township; David (who resides on the old homestead), born 1841; William, born 1843; Mary, born 1845, married Jacob H. Rose; Bartholomew, born 1848, and John, born 1850.

William Tindale, lot 28, concession 9, was born in York County in 1834. John Tindale, the father of the above, was a native of Yorkshire, England, where he was born in 1794, and came to Canada, settling in York Township in 1830; his death occurred in 1867. His wife was Eliza Lees Tindale, who was born in 1806 and died in 1864. William, our subject, was married in 1858 to Sarah Hilts; they have five children as follows: Margaret Ann, Holland, Charlotte M., Emma S. and William.

John Van Nostrand, lot 17, concession 4, derives his descent from a German family who settled on Long Island, New York State, somewhere about the year 1750. His grandfather, James Van Nostrand, was born on Long Island, New York, in 1764, and settled in Toronto, York County, in 1800 and died in 1840. His father, Cornelius Van Nostrand, was born on Long Island in 1796, and came to York County with his parents in 1800, and died in Whitchurch Township, November 16, 1878. His mother was Mary Wilkinson, of English extraction, who was born in 1802 and died in 1844. John Van Nostrand, the subject of this sketch, was born in York Township in 1824, and in 1854 removed to Whitchurch Township and engaged in farming. He owns about one thousand three hundred acres of land, and does a large lumber business, his saw-mill and residence being located on lot 17, concession 4, where he manufactures annually about one million feet of lumber, giving employment to over twenty men. In 1846 he married Anna Maria Marsh, who was born in England in 1822, by whom he has six children.

Charles E. Widdifield, deceased, was born in Whitchurch in 1813. His father, Henry, was born in New Jersey in 1779, and came to Canada in 1801, settling on lot 32, concession 3 of Whitchurch, Maple Grove Farm, where he died in 1869. His mother was Phœbe Randall, who was born in 1770 and died in 1855. Charles E. was the only son in a family of four children. He married Angelina Hughes, daughter of Joseph A. Hughes, of King Township. The issue of their union was nine children, viz.: Elizabeth A. Knowles, born 1842, residing in Whitchurch; J. H., born 1845, now practising medicine at Newmarket; Elma Playter, born 1847, resides in Newmarket; Mercie A. Collins, born 1849, living at St. Catharines; Jennie, born 1852, lives at home; William C., born 1855, practises law at Newmarket; J. E., born 1857, and lives on the old homestead; Rosa E., born 1860, and Charles H., born 1863. Mr. Widdifield’s death occurred in 1883.

L. C. Wideman, Marble Works, Stouffville. The Widemans are descendants of an old Pennsylvania family who settled in York County at the commencement of the present century. In 1749, in the Quaker State, one Philip Wideman was born, who married Anna S. Long, a native of the same place, born in 1759. They emigrated to Canada with their family and settled first in Markham Township, where the wife of Philip died in 1806. Philip afterwards removed to Whitchurch Township, where he died in 1833 at the advanced age of eighty-four years. Among their issue was one son Ludwig, the grandfather of the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. Ludwig Wideman was born in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, in 1781, and settled in Markham Township, York County, in 1801. He was twice married, but no record appears to have been preserved of the first event. He had, however, one daughter by this marriage, Christiana, born in 1813. His second union was to Elizabeth Macklen, who was born in 1797 and died in 1852. Their family consisted of the following: Mary Ann, born 1818; Henry, born 1819; Philip, born 1821; Lydia, born 1824; Sarah, born 1827, and John, born 1829, the last named died in infancy. Ludwig Wideman was killed during the Rebellion of 1837. Philip Wideman, the third in order in the family of Ludwig, was born in Whitchurch Township, and established the business now carried on by his son, L. C. Wideman, in Stouffville. He married in 1848 Eliza Jane Center, who was born in Lower Canada in 1826. His family consisted of the following children: Huldah E.; L. C., our subject; Albert, who died in infancy; Lydia R.; Bertha J., who died in infancy; Mary A.; and Henry B. Mr. Philip Wideman is the owner of one hundred and ninety acres of land, and is now living in retirement in Ringwood. L. C. Wideman was born in Ringwood in 1851, and is now proprietor of the Marble Works established by his father in Stouffville at an early date, being, in fact, the first of that particular industry commenced in this part of the country. He came into possession in 1877, and employs four hands in the business. He married in 1879 Matilda Bartholomew, a native of Markham Township, by whom he has two children, Cora M. and Bartholomew C.

Judge Wilson, lot 25, concession 3, was born in New Brunswick in 1804, being the son of Joshua Wilson, who was born in New Jersey, of English parentage, in 1756. His father served the Crown during the Revolutionary War, and at its close settled in New Brunswick. He subsequently came to Whitchurch, where he died in 1838. John Wilson was married in 1831 to Agnes Lundy, who was born in 1812 and died in 1881. Their family consists of the following: Elizabeth Jane Hollingshead, born 1832, who resides in Lambton County; Lavinia Vernon, born 1835, living in Ontario County; Emily, born 1835, died 1838; Harriet Armstrong, born 1840; John, born 1842; Robert A., born 1843; Charles, born 1845, died 1848; Mary Ann, born 1848, died 1878; Alonzo P., born 1851; Louisa C., born 1853.

Joshua Wilson, lot 27, concession 4, was born on the same farm where he now lives in 1831. His father, Joshua Wilson, was a son of a U. E. Loyalist, and settled in Whitchurch in 1812, and died in 1877. Our subject was married in 1861 to Mary Walks of Whitby Township; they have four children: Ella M., James A., Arthur E. and Edgar.

TOWN OF NEWMARKET.

HOMAS ATKINSON, auctioneer, commission agent, etc., was born in Yorkshire, England, September, 1828. When two years of age he was brought to Canada by his parents, who first located near Richmond Hill, Vaughan Township, York County. They subsequently moved to Whitchurch Township, and Thomas was then sent to school at Hartman’s Corners under the tutorship of J. C. Moulton. He divided his time in the early part of his youth between working for farmers and attending school, and was subsequently apprenticed to Eli Irwin for three years to learn the waggon-making business, after which he worked at his trade in Newmarket and other places for a number of years. He worked in Bradford, Simcoe County, two years, and then established himself in business, which he conducted for some time; but this latter venture proving unprofitable, he decided to go to Toronto. He there worked in the service of McLean & Wright, and was engaged building cars for the Northern Railway. After a period he returned to Bradford, and again conducted business for himself, which at the expiration of two years proved of considerable value; but from shrinkage in the value of stock, which effect was produced by the close of the Russian War in 1856, he found it necessary in order to recover lost ground to remove to Yorkville, where he continued in business one year, and finding no improvement he wound up his affairs. The United States now attracted his attention, and thither he departed, locating first at Lockport, and afterwards at New York City, where he worked at his trade. The breaking out of the Civil War rendered remunerative employment not easily procurable, and Mr. Atkinson returned to Canada, and settled in Newmarket, after a short stay in Hamilton. He adopted the business of Insurance Agent and Auctioneer, in which he has been successful. He was afterwards elected a member of the Town Council; but after serving one year he was defeated at the polls on his second candidature in consequence of his strenuous advocacy of the Public Market for the town. In 1882 he engaged in the jewellery business, which is under the superintendence of his son. Mr. Atkinson was married in Newmarket to Jane Philips, formerly of Hampshire, England; their issue is one son named Lemington.

John Arnott, cooper, Newmarket, was born in Northumberland, England, in 1821, and emigrated to Canada in 1854, and locating first in Toronto, he remained there about three years. He came to Newmarket in 1857, and a little later became one of the partners in the firm of Arnott & Fox, the well-known coopers and manufacturers. They work up four hundred cords of stave bolts into barrels annually. Mr. Arnott was married to Miss Jane Douglas, by whom he has a family of two daughters.

George H. Bache was born at Brierley Hill, Staffordshire, England, in 1813. In company with his father and younger brother he emigrated to Canada in 1829; they located first at Cobourg, from which place after a residence of a few months they removed to Toronto. His father subsequently purchased land on lot 2, concession 3, Georgina Township, situated on the shore of Lake Simcoe, which farm they cultivated about three years. They then returned to Toronto where his father kept hotel, during which period George H. worked as pattern-maker, in Duchess Foundry, and assisted in building the engine for the steamer Colborne, which was the first steamboat launched on Lake Simcoe. The family then removed to North Gwillimbury, where his father purchased a farm, which they cultivated for about two years, and in 1837 came to Newmarket. During his residence in Newmarket he followed his trade of carpenter and joiner. He also held the official position of Bailiff of the Court of Requests and County Constable, in addition to which he has been Bailiff of the Division Court under Judge Boyd. When Newmarket was first incorporated Mr. Bache was elected to serve in the first Town Council, and at present occupies the position of Market Clerk, having held that office for the past ten years. The same year that he settled in Newmarket he married Miss Lucy Hunt of Nottinghamshire, England, by whom he had two children, one only, a daughter, being now alive; she married Mr. John G. Partridge, a native of Staffordshire, England.

W. H. Bentley, M.B., Toronto University, M.C.P.S., Ontario, physician and druggist, Newmarket, was born in the City of Toronto, where he was educated, and graduated from the University in 1878, since which time he has practised in Newmarket.

John Brimson, carriage manufacturer, whose birth-place is Wiltshire, England (1830), emigrated to Canada with his parents, who first settled on a farm in Simcoe County, Ontario. John moved from there in 1844, and the succeeding five years were spent in learning his trade with Edward Kermott, after which he worked as journeyman several years. After spending about twelve months in Bowmanville, Durham County, Ontario, he came to Whitchurch, and followed his trade for nine years previous to settling in Newmarket. He established his present business in 1868, which now amounts to $3,000 annually. Mr. Brimson was married in 1850, to Miss Jane Brodie, of Newmarket, by whom he has a family of two sons, Robert Hudson and John Herbert.

J. B. Caldwell, retired, was born in New York City in 1807, and emigrated to Canada with his parents in 1819, where they rented a farm in Markham Township, York County, where his father was unfortunately killed by the falling of a tree three months after their arrival. They subsequently removed to York Township and rented a farm belonging to Capt. D. Haines, from which place Mr. Caldwell went to Whitchurch in the fall of 1820, where he worked on a farm as hired boy. After a lapse of five years he removed to Thornhill, where he commenced to learn the trade of blacksmith; but by the end of the first month he gave up the prospect of being a blacksmith and moved to little York, where he learned chair-making with Erastus Wiman. After about six years spent in the “Queen City,” he again turned his face northward, and locating in Newmarket rented a house and shop of Mordecai Millard. After the lapse of three years he built a house, which took fire and burned down while he was in little York on business. His capital at this time, to use his own words, was a “York shilling.” He followed the business of painting and chair-making about fifty years, being burned-out three times during that period, and by industry and perseverance has been enabled to retire altogether from active life. He was married in Toronto in 1830 to Miss Rosina Potter, a native of Ireland, by whom he has nine children living, six sons and three daughters. James Caldwell, deceased, was a U. E. Loyalist and emigrated from Tyrone, Ireland, to America in 1807. He subsequently drew two hundred acres of land from Government in Albion Township, Peel County, on which the settlement duties were performed after his death.

W. Cane & Sons, lumber merchants and manufacturers. The present head of this firm, Mr. William Cane, was born in Albany, New York, in 1822, of Irish parents. He emigrated to Canada in 1840, and first located in the Village of Queensville, York County, where he commenced the business of wood-turning and operated a pump-works. He also purchased the saw-mill formerly in the hands of Mr. Wilson, and in addition bought some land on which he erected another mill. During his residence in Queensville he was Reeve and Councillor of the Township of East Gwillimbury for a number of years, and was for the year 1874 Warden of the County of York. His settlement in Newmarket dates from 1875, in which year he established the business which has now such an extensive connection. He also bought S. Sykes’ foundry and engine works. The foundry was burned in the spring of 1876. The firm afterwards built a tannery on the same lot, which is now occupied by R. Park & Co. as tenants. He first built the steam saw-mill which is conducted under the management of the present firm. The existing sash and blind factory was also built about the same time and is a portion of the business. The manufacture of pails, tubs and wooden ware is a department of the business for which the firm have become celebrated. Mr. Cane’s general fitness for municipal office was quickly recognized by the citizens of Newmarket, and very little time was allowed to elapse after his location in the town before he was elected a member of the Council, and on Newmarket receiving the honour of incorporation in 1881 he was elected Mayor, which office he has since retained. Mr. Cane was married in 1844 to Catharine Belfry, of Queensville, by whom he has eleven children: eight sons and three daughters.

R. J. Davison, general merchant, was born at Holland Landing in 1842, and first commenced business in Newmarket in 1870 as partner in the firm of Harrison, Sheppard & Co. Mr. Sheppard retiring in 1875, the style of the firm became Harrison & Davison. This latter partnership closed in 1880, and Mr. Davison then established his present extensive business, which amounts now to about $26,000 per year. He deals largely in dry-goods, cloths, tweeds, ready-made clothing, hats, caps, ladies and gentlemen’s furs, boots and shoes, etc., also in general groceries. He was married to Miss Mary Wright, of East Gwillimbury, in 1874; their family consists of two sons and one daughter. Mr. Davison is of Irish descent, his father, George Davison, having been born in County Tyrone, Ireland, and emigrated to this country in 1832. His maternal grandfather was a U. E. Loyalist and emigrated from Pennsylvania to the Niagara District at the close of the last century, and located in York County in 1804.

John E. Dickson, Principal of High School, Newmarket, was born in East Gwillimbury in 1850, being the son of Andrew and Elizabeth Dickson. His parents were natives of Peebles, Scotland, and emigrated to America in 1834, settling first in Ohio State. They removed to Canada in 1836 and located at Newmarket, York County, afterwards removing to a farm near Newmarket. J. E. Dickson is the youngest of a family of ten, and acquired his primary education at the Public School near his father’s farm, and was also a student at the Scholastic Institution of which he is now the principal. He graduated at Toronto University in 1879, and the year following received his present appointment. He was in 1880 married to Miss Mary Randall, of Whitchurch.

Edmund Elvidg is a native of Nottinghamshire, England, and emigrated to Canada, settling in the Province of Quebec in 1815. He came to Upper Canada in the year 1836, and located in York County, where he followed the business of a millwright for several years. He was married in 1849 to Miss Grace McArthur, of Simcoe County. Mr. Elvidg has been Collector of Taxes in Newmarket for several years, also Engineer of the Fire Brigade, and now occupies the post of County Constable. He is one of a family of nine children born to Henry and Elizabeth Elvidg.

R. Flood, Manager of Loan Company, Newmarket, is a native of Middlesex County, Ontario. He was born in 1836, and acquired his education in London, Ontario. In 1862 Mr. Flood came to York County, and locating at Richmond Hill commenced business as a general merchant, which he continued for four years. He then went to Manitoba, and after a stay of nine years returned to York County, and taking up his residence in Newmarket commenced the banking business under the style of R. Flood & Co. Mr. Flood subsequently became Managing Director of the Provincial Real Estate and Loan Company, which was established in 1881, the President being James J. Pearson, Registrar of the North Riding. Mr. Flood married Grace Agnes Wyatt, of Hamilton City, in 1862; they have a family of six children, four sons and two daughters.

G. Fox, of the firm of Arnott & Fox, was born in Germany in 1820, and emigrated to America, settling in New York State in 1851. After two years’ residence in the Empire State he came to Canada, and fixing on York County for his future abode located in the Town of Newmarket. He was married in 1853 to Miss Regine Treuzier, also a native of Germany; they have a family of eleven children, four sons and seven daughters.

Thomas Gain, merchant tailor, was born in the County of Waterford, Ireland, in 1852, and came to Canada in 1858. He first located in Montreal where he remained for a few years, after which he came west to Toronto, where he worked at his trade for ten years. He located in Newmarket about 1868, and for the first five years superintended the tailoring department of Mr. William McMasters, after which he established himself in business. He has been a member of the Town Council for two years. Mr. Gain was married to Miss Sarah Brown, a native of Bristol, England, by whom he has five children living.

Nelson Gorham, J.P., retired. The gentleman to whom we accord this space in our pages is the eldest-born resident of the Town of Newmarket, and is one of a family of eleven children. His father, Eli Gorham, was born in Danbury, Conn., January 2, 1787. His mother’s maiden name was Hambelton; she was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 1790, and died in York County in 1830. His father was a woollen manufacturer, and came to Canada before the War of 1812. He located in Newmarket, and followed the business of woollen manufacturer and farmer until his death, which occurred April 11, 1867. Nelson was born in Newmarket, June 6, 1812, and was educated at Aurora Academy, Cayuga County, N. Y. On finishing his studies, he assisted his father with the business, which he carried on for ten years after the death of the latter, when he retired from active business life. He was married March 26, 1863, to Miss Bull, of Loana, Chautauqua County, N. Y.; they have no family. Mr. Gorham has ever taken an active interest in all that concerns the welfare of his native place, and has occupied numerous offices in connection with public and municipal affairs, among which may be mentioned the Reeveship of Newmarket Village, and also that of Judge Advocate. With regard to military affairs Mr. Gorham has always taken a prominent position, and having held a commission on Navy Island during the Rebellion of 1837-38, his knowledge has been of considerable service. He has been Captain of Artillery and Brigade Inspector. He is a member of the English Church, and a Liberal Conservative in political matters. He is a Mason and a member of I.O.F. The first carding machines introduced and operated west of the Bay of Quinté were brought by Mr. Gorham, sen’r, in 1808.

Patrick Harding, general merchant, and dealer in groceries, crockery, glassware, etc., was born in Sligo, Ireland, in 1846, and came to Canada with his parents when only one year old. They located first at Newmarket, York County, and subsequently in North Gwillimbury, where Patrick worked around amongst the farmers. When he reached the age of twenty, he removed from Canada to the United States and settled in Pennsylvania, where he worked at the saw-mill and lumber business. He subsequently returned to Canada and purchased a farm of two hundred acres in the Township of Georgina, York County, which he cultivated for a period of six months, and then abandoned that project and commenced working in a hat factory. He again removed to Pennsylvania and worked in a hat factory in Philadelphia, and ultimately returned to Canada and locating in Newmarket, followed the business of hat making until 1880, when he established his present large and prosperous business, which is now doing about $20,000 annually. Mr. Harding still owns the farm in Georgina in addition to the more recent purchase of two lots in Newmarket, upon which he has built a handsome residence at a cost of $1,500. In 1847 he was married to Miss Sarah Howard, of Newmarket, by whom he has one child living. His father, Timothy Harding, still resides on his farm in Georgina Township.

Erastus Jackson, eldest son of Christopher Stroud Jackson, was born in the Village of Merrickville, County of Grenville, Ontario, Canada, on August 29, 1829. Two years later his parents removed to the Town of Prescott, on the St. Lawrence, where the family remained for over six years, when they again removed westward, and settled in the Village of Wilton, Township of Ernestown, County of Lennox. During the next seven years the parents of the subject of this sketch gave him all the advantages of education obtainable in those early times in the District School of that locality; but, as those years included the period when the pedagogues of the day “boarded around,” those advantages were exceedingly limited. In January, 1845, the Canada Christian Advocate was established in the Town of Cobourg, by Messrs. Webster & Leonard, as the acknowledged organ of the M. E. Church; and as the junior member of the firm had been an old school-mate of the father of Erastus, it was arranged that the youth should enter the office as an apprentice, with the view of learning the “art preservative.” In 1848 the General Conference of the Church took control of the Advocate, and removed its office to Hamilton. This, of course, led to the dissolution of the partnership between Messrs. Webster & Leonard. The former, however, continued as editor of the paper; and Mr. Leonard bought another press and continued the printing business in Cobourg. The employés of the office were divided, part going to Hamilton, and part remaining with Mr. Leonard, who continued the publication of a monthly periodical called the Canadian Gem, which had been started before the dissolution. Shortly after this a General Election followed, and Mr. Leonard was induced to commence the publication of a weekly political paper called the Courier, in the Liberal interest. The contest in Northumberland that year was between Messrs. Weller and Meyers, the former noted as being the proprietor of the line of stages then running between Kingston and Toronto, and a strong Reformer, the latter a lawyer, if our memory serve us, residing in the neighbourhood of Trenton. During this contest Mr. McCarroll, previously connected with the management of a Liberal paper at Peterboro’, was the accredited editor of the Courier; but, Mr. Weller being defeated, the paper did not succeed very well, and only continued about a year after, when Mr. Leonard moved his office to Toronto, where he still continued the publication of the monthly periodical above referred to, and also became the publisher of a Church paper—the organ of the Methodist New Connection body. Mr. Jackson accompanied Mr. Leonard to Toronto, where he completed his apprenticeship in January, 1850; and about the first of the following May proceeded to Guelph, and occupied a situation in the Advertiser office there—then printed and edited by John Smith, Esq. Here he remained until the summer of 1852, the Advertiser meanwhile changing hands and passing to Mr. Kieling, who afterwards started the Guelph Mercury. In 1852 Mr. Jackson again returned to Toronto, and took a situation in the office of the North American, conducted by the Hon. William McDougall, where he continued until June of the next year, when, in company with Mr. A. Henderson, another North American typo, he purchased the Newmarket Era office. The partnership only continued one year, when Mr. Jackson became sole proprietor, and he was editor and publisher until February, 1853, when he retired from business and handed over the paper to his son, Mr. L. G. Jackson, who conducts it. The subject of this sketch has ever taken a lively interest in every enterprise calculated to advance the prosperity of the Town of Newmarket or County of York. For most of the time during the past twenty years he has held a seat in the local municipality of the town, and with the exception of one year, has been its Reeve and Representative at the County Council since 1871. He has also been Warden of the county, and having taken a lively interest in municipal matters for so many years, is generally regarded as a pretty good authority in municipal law. Mr. Jackson has also been an active worker in agricultural matters; he has been Secretary and Treasurer of the North York Society for over twenty years, and largely through his instrumentality the Directors purchased the beautiful grounds, and erected the commodious buildings now the property of the Association in Newmarket, not equalled by any society in the county. During the period when the present Judge Adam Wilson occupied the position of Solicitor-General in the Sandfield-Macdonald-Dorwin Administration of Old Canada, Mr. Jackson was appointed Coroner and Issuer of Marriage Licenses, and continued to hold the same until he voluntarily resigned in 1878. Mr. Jackson has also taken a deep interest in the Mechanics’ Institute of the town, and for years occupied the position of President. He was also elected for this year to the Provincial Board of Mechanics’ Institutes. He is still Reeve of the town, as well as taking part whenever occasion requires in the work of the local magistracy of the place. Considering his limited opportunities in early life, and the success that has attended his public and private affairs, he may be regarded as essentially a self-made man, the printing office being his principal schoolmaster. For many years he occupied a position on the Executive Board of the Canadian Press Association, was its Secretary for some years, and has also filled the President’s chair. He has been twice married; his present wife being a daughter of the late James Wright, jun’r, of the County of Wellington, by whom he has seven children all living but the eldest, who died when quite young. Mr. Jackson is a Liberal in politics, and took a prominent part in nearly all the great conventions of the party, as a supporter of the late George Brown, from 1858 until after Confederation.

James Kilman, druggist, is a native of Banffshire, Scotland, where he was born in 1835. He emigrated to Toronto in 1856, and after remaining there until 1869 he came to Newmarket, where he has since been in business. Mr. Kilman has been Auditor for Newmarket several years, and is at present Agent for Vickers’ Express and the Montreal Telegraph Company. His agencies also include the White Star and Allan Line Steamship Companies. Mr. Kilman was married in 1856 to Miss Elizabeth Cahan, of Wicklow County, Ireland, by whom he has a family of seven children, two sons and five daughters.

William Malloy, bailiff, etc., was born in Ireland in 1822, and came to this country with his parents when an infant, and has resided in or near Newmarket ever since. He has held the office of Bailiff for the past twenty years and also the office of License Inspector since 1878. Mr. Malloy was married in East Gwillimbury Township on May 8, 1847, to Miss Rebecca Wilson, by whom he has two sons and three daughters, all of whom are living in the county.

Alexander Millard, manufacturer, Newmarket, was born in 1852, and commenced business with his father, Joseph Millard, in 1873, and established business for himself in 1881. His marriage was in 1874 to Miss Emma Millard, by whom he has one child, a daughter.

Joseph Millard, furniture manufacturer and undertaker, was born in the Township of Whitchurch, York County, in 1816, and is of Welsh descent. He first commenced farming, also worked in a saw-mill, and in 1839 commenced his furniture business in Newmarket with the limited capital of twenty-five dollars. This business has steadily increased, and the modest dimensions of its original existence, compared with its present large proportions, is very creditable to Mr. Millard’s talent and enterprise, and he is now considered one of the wealthiest men in this section. In 1840 he married Miss Susan Hollingshead, of Whitchurch, by whom he has a family of eight children living, three sons and five daughters. Mr. Millard’s parents, John and Mary Millard, emigrated from Pennsylvania in 1805, and on their arrival in York County first located at Stouffville with their parents, Timothy and Mary Millard, where they resided until 1813; they then removed to Newmarket and remained there till removed by death at the respective ages of eighty years.

J. Nash, M.D., was born in Sussex, England, in 1815, and settled in the State of Connecticut. He remained there but two years however, his next place of location being Toronto. He came to Newmarket in 1841 where he has since practised his profession. He was married in New York City, in 1838, to Ann Ashman, formerly of England; they have three sons and three daughters.

Richard Park, tanner and leather merchant, was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1839, and came to Canada when twenty years of age. He was located for a long time in Oxford County, Ontario, and in 1871 came to York County, settling in Newmarket, commenced the business which he at present carries on in partnership with Mr. J. S. Peckham, of Waubaushene, under the firm name of R. Park & Co. The main building of the tannery is 100 x 36 feet, in the rear a wing 50 x 25, and three storeys high, with a brick-built engine-house containing a thirty horse-power engine. Calfskin, kip, bridles and harness-leather are manufactured and made a specialty of by the firm, whose business turn-over amounts to about $70,000 per annum. Mr. Park was married in 1865 to Miss Hannah Battye, of English birth; neither of their children is living. Mrs. Park died suddenly in the spring of 1884, and, a year later, Mr. Park married Miss Maria Barry, daughter of J. W. Barry, Esq., of Bradford, Ont.

James J. Pearson, Registrar of the North Riding of York, was born in the Township of Whitchurch in 1828. He was for some years engaged in the milling business in King Township, and received the appointment of Registrar in 1863, the office being established that year. Mr. Pearson has been married twice. His first wife was Mary Ann Kennedy of Aurora, to whom he was united in 1856; her death occurred in 1866. He was married again in 1868 to Mrs. Hoag, widow of Lyman Hoag and daughter of the late S. T. Peckham, of Newmarket. He has two daughters by his first wife. James Pearson, father of the above, was one of the early pioneers who emigrated from Pennsylvania to Canada in 1800 and located in the Township of Whitchurch. He was a son of Nathaniel and Ann Pearson, the latter being a daughter of William Bunting, formerly of England. Her maiden name was Bidgood, her ancestors having come from England with Wm. Penn. The grandfather of James Pearson was supposed to have been killed during his homeward journey from Quebec to New Jersey after the old French War.

W. T. Perkins, saddler and harness-maker, was born on the Island of Jersey, in the English Channel, and emigrated to Canada in October, 1850. He located first at Bradford, County Simcoe, and came to Newmarket in 1858. Mr. Perkins is doing a first-class business, which may be considered the best of its kind in town. He has been a Director of the Mechanics’ Institute for five years, and is now a member of the Independent Order of Oddfellows. Mr. Perkins was married in 1871 to Miss Martha Scarffe, sister of Mr. J. W. Scarffe, Mayor of Brantford, by whom he has a family of four daughters living and one son.

B. F. Reesor, merchant miller, Newmarket, is one of a family of eight children, born to Samuel Reesor, a son of Peter Reesor, mentioned elsewhere as an early pioneer of Markham Township. B. F. Reesor was born in Markham Township in 1849, where he lived until 1882, when in company with his brother, F. A. Reesor, he purchased the flour and grist-mill now owned and conducted by Reesor Brothers. The premises measure 60 x 80 feet, with a height of five storeys, and five runs of stones, with a yielding capacity of three hundred and fifty barrels per day. Mr. Reesor’s capabilities as a business man, added to his previous experience as a Councillor and Deputy-Reeve of Markham, were soon taken advantage of by the citizens of Newmarket, and his present position as Councillor is the result, a position doubtless extensible to something higher when time and circumstances shall reveal themselves.

Samuel Roadhouse, cabinet-maker and undertaker, is the descendant of a family who emigrated from Yorkshire, England, in 1819, his grandfather and parents settling in Albion Township, Peel County, that year, where they lived until their death. Mr. Roadhouse was born in Albion Township in 1824, and located in Newmarket in 1841, since which date he has by prudence, good management and ability, got together an extensive connection. In the year 1846 he was married to Frances Elizabeth Elvidge, by whom he has a family of seven children, three sons and four daughters.

Thomas J. Robertson, barrister, etc., was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1841, and settled in this county in 1847. He is a member of the Town Board of High School Trustees.

Dr. David L. Rogers, physician and surgeon, was born in King Township, York County, in 1836. He graduated at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City, in 1863, and at Victoria University College, Toronto, in 1864. He practised medicine about five years in Newmarket, York County, and five years in Toronto, Woodson County, in Kansas State, after which he returned to Newmarket, where he has since remained in active practice.

William Sawden, retired, although he may be termed an early resident of York County, is still only comparatively a recent citizen of Newmarket. He was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1813, and emigrated to Canada in 1837. He devoted himself entirely to farming, and on his location in the Township of Whitchurch, York County, he commenced as hired man. The first farm that he owned was in Mariposa Township, Victoria County; but this he afterwards sold, and bought a farm in concession 9 of Whitchurch. He subsequently bought the lot adjoining his latest purchase, and by other acquisitions succeeded in getting together six hundred acres of land. He was married in 1843 to Rachel Toole, by whom he has a family of two sons, who are both living.

Robert Hall Smith, J.P., retired, was born in Penetanguishene, Simcoe County, in 1817, and was, it is stated, the first white child born at that place. He removed with his parents to Toronto in 1819, where they stayed until he was twelve years of age; they then moved to Springfield, Elgin County, from which place after a stay of two years they again returned to Toronto. Robert Hall entered a store as clerk, and continued until 1833, when he removed to Aurora Village, and opened a general store, which he assisted in conducting in partnership with his step-father (Marshall), and in 1837 he removed to Newmarket. In 1839 he married Miss Mary Boyart, by whom he has a family of two sons and three daughters.

Sutherland Brothers, merchants. This firm conducts a large general store on Main Street, where a flourishing business is done. It is composed of James, Alexander and William, who are the sons of the late Mr. Donald Sutherland. The latter was born in the County of Caithness, Scotland, in 1815, and in 1840 emigrated to Canada. He came to York County, and was first employed by Mr. William Fraser, of East Gwillimbury Township. Two years later he removed to Schomberg, and took charge of the mill of the late Thomas Brown. After a few years’ experience there he decided to go into business on his own account, and accordingly came to Newmarket, and leased the Coster mill. At the expiration of three years he returned to Schomberg, and rented the mill formerly owned by Mr. Brown. On the completion of the Northern Railway, Mr. Sutherland came back to Newmarket and purchased two mills, the only existing ones in the village, which he operated for many years. He began store-keeping also, and after a time entered into partnership with Mr. Burns, which continued some time, when serious losses by fire compelled them to break the connection, and for a period suspend business. Mr. Sutherland, however, commenced in the mercantile business, which, with the assistance of his sons he carried on for a number of years. Failing health eventually obliged him to retire from active employment, and his sons energetically continued the concern. Mr. Sutherland, sen’r, held numerous offices in connection with local government, prominent among which may be mentioned the first Reeveship of Newmarket. He was also a member of the School Board, and his abilities being recognized, he was also made a Justice of the Peace. He was also a License Commissioner, and subsequently became chairman of that body. He was married in 1847 to Jane Boddy of Lloydtown, by whom he had seven children. He died in November, 1880.

William Terrell, caretaker, Newmarket Cemetery, was born in Devonshire, England, in 1824, and emigrated to Canada in 1870, and at once settled at Newmarket, York County. The cemetery of which Mr. Terrell is caretaker was opened in 1869, and is beautifully situated at the northern extremity of the town limits, on high rolling land, commanding a good view of the town and the surrounding country. Alfred Burns, late of the firm of Burns & Sutherland, was the first buried there. Mr. Terrell was married in England in 1848, to Miss Maria Brouse; they have eight children, four sons and four daughters.

The North York Reformer is published every Friday morning by the editor and proprietor, Mr. Thomas Ratcliff, at his office, corner of Main and Botsford Streets, and is at the present time regarded as the official organ of the Reform Party in the North Riding of York. It was at first commenced by Messrs. Oliver & Ratcliff at the request of some of the leading Reformers of the Riding, in order to supply a want sorely felt by members of the party, viz.: that of a Liberal paper at political headquarters. This position had previously been filled by the Newmarket Era; but, its editor having opposed the nominee of the Reform Convention in 1875, the paper had gone into Opposition and the party was thus left without an organ in Newmarket. In commencing the Reformer the proprietors made no addition to the number of papers in the Riding, having purchased the plant of the Newmarket Courier, a paper published in the Conservative interest in the building now occupied by Mr. William Perkins as a harness shop. The Courier was first launched by Mr. G. M. Bins in 1867, and was conducted by him for about four years, when he sold out to Dr. Playter, who retained the management of it but a short time, and in the year 1872 disposed of the business to Mr. George Fox, from whom the present proprietor purchased it, as above mentioned, in the year 1876. Under the new management the name and politics of the paper underwent an entire change, and the circulation was increased to nearly three times its original number. In the winter of 1877 Mr. Oliver severed his connection with the paper, and his place by Mr. M. Baker, of Whitchurch, until the end of 1878, when he sold his interest to the present proprietor and retired from the business. The Reformer is a large, special-sized sheet, devoted to family reading, and local and political intelligence. It is well-patronized by the Reformers of the riding, as well as by the more liberal-minded Conservatives. Two years after its first number appeared Newmarket, previously Conservative, gave a Reform majority, and since that time it has been steadily on the increase, the majority for Dr. Widdifield at the last election to the Ontario Legislature being one hundred and twenty-eight, a portion of which remarkable increase may very fairly be attributed to the influence exerted through its columns. Its editor has for some years acted on the Board of License Commissioners, an office he preferred to accepting municipal honours. The paper has been treated to a new “dress” of type during the past year, and the proprietor contemplates putting in new machinery at an early date. A very complete job office is connected with the other plant, with which a good business is done.

The Royal Hotel, Newmarket, A. K. McKinnon, proprietor. This well-known and popular hotel is one of the best in the locality, and is well-patronized by the travelling public, every accommodation and good attendance being among its characteristics.

J. H. Widdifield, M.D., M.R.C.S., London, England, L.R.C.P., Edinburgh, Scotland, M.P.P., was born at Maple Grove Farm in Whitchurch Township in 1845. He has represented the North Riding of York in the Ontario Legislature in the Reform interest since 1875, and at the last election held in February, 1884, he was returned with a majority of eight hundred and fifty-four. Dr. Widdifield is a Justice of the Peace, and formerly, for several years, held the office of Coroner for the County of York.

John Wilson, boot and shoe merchant, was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, and emigrated to Canada in 1846. He came to Upper Canada and located in York County, taking up his residence in Newmarket. He opened a store near the old Post-office, but was afterwards burned out, his loss exceeding $2,500. He took possession of his present store in the fall of 1884, where his attention to business promises a large custom, which is certainly deserved. Mr. Wilson was married in 1849 to Miss Ellen Tardy, a native of Wexford, Ireland, by whom he had six children. Henry Wilson is the fourth son in order of the family of John Wilson, and is at present in business with his father. Their store on the west side of Main Street is one well-known, and both father and son have business qualifications of a high order.

A. M. Wood, photographer, is a native of Springfield, New York State, and came to Canada in 1856. Previous to his settlement in Newmarket in 1868, he worked in Simcoe County at different points along the Northern Railway. Since locating in Newmarket Mr. Wood has taken considerable interest in matters relating to the social welfare of the inhabitants, especially in the cause of temperance, and at present holds the Presidency of the District Association. He is also connected with the Masonic Order and formerly occupied the position of Master of Richmond Hill Lodge. He was married to Miss Henrietta Victoria Selby, of East Gwillimbury, by whom he has a family of four children.

TOWNSHIP OF EAST GWILLIMBURY.

JAMES H. AYLWARD, postmaster and merchant, Queensville, is the son of the late James Aylward, and was born in the Village of Queensville. His father was a native of Ireland, and emigrated to Canada in 1822. He located in York County, and for the first four years taught school in Scarboro’ Township, and was afterwards engaged as general merchant, which business he carried on to within a short time of his death in 1875. The mother of James H. was Miss Belfry, daughter of the late Jacob Belfry, an early settler in this township. The subject of this sketch is the only surviving member of their family, and succeeded to his father’s business, and also the office of Postmaster. He deals in boots and shoes and patent medicines. Mr. Aylward has been twice married; first to Emma J. Hill, whose death occurred October 17, 1872. He was married to his present wife in December 13, 1883; she was Miss Marion Stokes, daughter of John T. Stokes, of Sharon.

William James Beaton, blacksmith, was born in the Township of Pickering, Ontario County, in 1859. His father was born in Scotland in 1800, and came to Canada at an early day, and has occupied the position of Township Clerk and Treasurer of Pickering for upwards of forty years. William James is one of a family of five children; he learned the trade of blacksmith with Mr. William Mosgrove, of Brougham, and has since carried on that business in Markham. He was married in 1882 to Miss Minnie Woodruff.

Edward Brammer, merchant, Sharon, was born in Sharon Village. His father was the late Edward Brammer, who emigrated from Yorkshire, England, in 1836, and the following year was taken prisoner for taking part in Mackenzie’s Rebellion, but was afterwards released. He was a blacksmith by trade, which business he followed to within a short time before his death in October, 1872. The maiden name of our subject’s mother was Hannah Scales; she died in 1882. Edward succeeded his father in the blacksmith business, which he carried on for about ten years. In 1882 he bought the store which he now conducts, where he is doing a satisfactory and improving business. Mr. Brammer was married in March, 1867, to Emily Agar, daughter of Henry Agar of this township.

William Brodie, proprietor of the steam pump works, Franklin, is a native of Scotland, and emigrated to this country in 1856. His father is John Brodie, who located with his family first in Toronto, and after three years residence there removed to the Township of Scarboro’ where he resided about seven years. He subsequently settled in this section, where he has been engaged in the manufacture of pumps. He took possession of his present establishment in 1877, and turns out on an average about one thousand five hundred pumps and wind-engines per annum.

John Currie, lot 5, concession 3, is of English birth, and came with his people to Canada in 1830. His father, Thomas Currie, on his arrival in York County, fixed his residence in Newmarket, where he lived for many years, and subsequently died in East Gwillimbury in 1879, at the age of ninety-one years. His mother’s maiden name was Elizabeth Parker; she died in the year 1868. John Currie started for himself on a farm belonging to his father, afterwards receiving from him one hundred acres. He located upon his present farm a few years later, and married in 1885 Elizabeth Porter, of English birth.

Elias Doan, lot 11, concession 3, was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 1805, being the son of the late Ebenezer Doan, who brought his family to Canada in 1813. Elias married in 1829 Wait Wilson, daughter of the late Hugh Wilson; his family consisted of three sons and five daughters. A. T. Doan, son of the above, was born in Sharon. He went to California, where he remained about thirteen years and then returned to Canada, and has since been living on the old homestead in this township. He was married in 1828 to Angelina McCarty, daughter of the late R. McCarty, of this section.

David Doan, lots 13 and 14, concession 3, was born on the farm where he now resides, and is the son of the late Ebenezer Doan, a native of Pennsylvania, who came to Canada about the year 1808, and settled first in the Township of Whitchurch, York County, where he resided about ten years. He moved from Whitchurch to this section about 1818, where he lived until his death in 1866, at the age of ninety-three years. Mr. David Doan has been twice married, first to Sarah Quibbell; three sons and one daughter survive this union. In 1875 he married Jane Anderson.

Allen Graham, lots 1 and 2, concession 8, is a native of Yorkshire, England, and came out to Canada in 1842 in company with his parents. The family were by trade spinners and weavers, and unaccustomed to farm life, consequently on settling on uncleared land they found the labour and hardship more than usually severe. Their success may be taken for granted when about one thousand four hundred acres of land altogether are possessed by two brothers in different parts of the county. The father died in 1860, at the age of eighty-eight, and for some years after this event Allen and his brother Benjamin were in partnership, combining farming with the business of wool manufacturing. Mr. Graham is, however, now alone, and owns altogether about six hundred and forty acres in this township and eighty acres in Whitchurch, his brother Benjamin being in possession of the remainder of the property.

William Graham, lot 10, concession 2, was born in the State of New York, near the Mohawk River, and came to Canada with his people when a child. His father, the late William Graham, was a native of Ireland, and settled first in New York State on his arrival in America. In the year 1811 he came to York County, U. C., and settling in concession 3 of East Gwillimbury resided there until his death. Mr. Graham, sen’r, was married in Ireland to Esther Reid, who survived her husband some time; four sons and four daughters were the issue of their union. William, on starting for himself, purchased a bush farm on concession 2 of this township, on which he remained until 1868, when he retired from active life, and has since been living in the Village of Sharon. He was married in 1833 to Elizabeth Doan, daughter of the late John Doan, a pioneer of this township; they have two sons and three daughters. Mr. Graham took an active part in the Rebellion of 1837, and after the disbandment of Mackenzie’s forces was taken prisoner and confined for a short time in a church at Newmarket, afterwards being released on bail.

George Haigh, proprietor of the woollen-mills, Mount Albert Post-office, was born in East Gwillimbury Township, being the son of the late David Haigh, who emigrated to this country from Yorkshire, England, in 1841, and settled in this township, where he died in 1844. George was the only son of his father’s family (which consisted only of a son and daughter), and commenced the woollen business at Mount Albert in 1870 under the firm name of Graham & Haigh, which business was continued in this manner for six years, when Mr. Haigh retired and followed farming for four years. In 1880 he again took charge of the woollen-mill, and has since successfully conducted the business and employs about ten hands. His manufactures include tweeds, flannels, blankets, etc. Mr. Haigh married Jane, daughter of William Mainprize, of this township.

Samuel Harris, deceased, was born in New Jersey State, and came to Canada before the War of 1812. He settled in Uxbridge Township, Ontario County, and during the war, not wishing to take up arms against his American countrymen, he was fined by the British Government. He came to East Gwillimbury Township in 1816 and conducted a blacksmith’s business for six years, subsequently returning to Uxbridge, where he owned five hundred acres of land, and lived there until 1829. He then came back to East Gwillimbury and bought one hundred and fifty acres in concession 2, where he resided until his death in 1872. He married Susan Chapnen, born in Pennsylvania, whose death occurred in 1858; three sons and one daughter survive them, of whom one son, Israel, resides on the old homestead. The latter married in 1836 Sarah Doan, daughter of Ebenezer Doan, of this township, by whom he has a family of eight children; four sons and one daughter are now living.

Brooks W. Howard, lot 4, concession 2, is one of three sons, the only surviving members of a family of nine children born to Stephen and Tammy (Foster) Howard. The family originally came from Connecticut, U. S., where the father was born in 1781. The late Stephen Howard came to Canada in 1801 and settled on Yonge Street, where he resided until his death in 1840. There was no road when he came, they being obliged to follow the Indian trail. Our subject’s mother was from the Black River region, New York State, was afflicted with chronic rheumatism and not able to walk the last forty-five years of her life; she died in 1869. Brooks W. was born in this township, west of Yonge Street, on concession 1. He was married in 1839 to Amelia Wakefield, daughter of T. B. Wakefield, a native of Vermont, U. S., who came to this township at an early day; she died in 1874. Mr. Howard married again in 1876, his second wife being Elizabeth Philips, a native of East Gwillimbury, by whom he has one son and one daughter.

Stephen Howard, lot 101, concession 1, was born on the family homestead, being the third surviving son of the late Stephen Howard. He was married in 1848 to Jane Millard, daughter of the late John Millard, a pioneer of York County; the issue of their union is three sons and four daughters.

A. J. Hughes, lot 11, concession 3, is the son of the late Job Hughes, and grandson of Amos Hughes, who emigrated from Bucks County, Pennsylvania, as early as 1805, and coming to York County, U. C., settled in King Township, where Job, the father of the subject of our sketch, was born. The family removed to the Village of Hope, since called Sharon, in the Township of East Gwillimbury, where Amos, the grandfather, died. Job Hughes came to East Gwillimbury along with his parents in 1818, where he lived until his death in 1875. Our subject’s mother was Elizabeth Thorpe, of Irish birth, who died in 1882; four sons and one daughter survive them. A. J. Hughes was born on the old homestead, where he has all his life resided. He married Martha D. Philips, daughter of David Philips, whose father, Dr. Samuel E. Philips, came from Pennsylvania in 1800.

W. H. Hunter, merchant, Mount Albert, is a native of the village where he resides, being a son of the late Robert Hunter. The latter was of Irish parentage and came to Mount Albert in 1844, the locality at that time being entirely bush. In 1850 he built and conducted the first store in the village, and two years later took possession of an adjoining store which he continued to carry on for twelve years. He then retired for four years, subsequently erecting the store and establishing the business now conducted by his son, W. H. He died in 1875. The mother’s maiden name was Maria Shuttleworth; W. H. and his brother are the only surviving children.

James Kavanagh, auctioneer and agricultural implement agent, Queensville, was born in Sharon Village, being the son of the late James and Elizabeth Kavanagh. His parents came from Ireland at an early day, and settled in York County, his father being shot at the Battle on Yonge Street, near Montgomery’s Tavern, during the Mackenzie Rebellion, dying from his wound shortly afterwards. James has resided in this township all his lifetime. He first kept hotel at Sharon for several years and afterwards for a time in this village. He has been in his present line of business about twenty-five years. He was married in 1854 to Maria Barker, daughter of the late John and Mary Barker, who lived in this section, having emigrated from England; their family consists of three sons and three daughters.

John H. Kavanagh, merchant and postmaster, Sharon, was born November 10, 1833, in the village where he now resides. His father, James Kavanagh, was born in the County Down, Ireland, in 1785; he was a soldier in the British Army, and was killed at the Battle on Yonge Street, during the Rebellion of 1837. The mother of John H. was Elizabeth Darling, a native of Ireland also; born in 1787; she died in Rochester, N.Y., in 1874. The subject of this sketch was one of a family of seven children, and was educated at School Section, No. 4, East Gwillimbury. He commenced life as carpenter and joiner, which business he followed for a number of years. During the Civil War in the United States he joined the Federal Army and enlisted in the 22nd Regiment, New York Cavalry. He is at present acting as Postmaster of his native village, and also conducts a store. He was married at Sharon in 1861 to Eliza Ryan, who was born in County Tipperary, Ireland, in 1837; he has four children by this union, viz.: Elizabeth, James, Mary and Adeline. He is a Liberal in politics.

Charles E. Lundy, lot 102, concession 1, east of Yonge Street, whose place of birth is the farm he now owns and occupies, is the son of the late Jacob Lundy. Mr. Lundy, sen’r, was born in this township on an adjoining lot, his father, Israel Lundy, having emigrated from Lycoming County, Penn., and settled there in 1805, and built mills, subsequently removing to Sharon, where he died in 1846. Jacob Lundy lived with his people until he reached the age of twenty-five (1824), when he bought and settled upon a tract of uncleared land (the same farm being now occupied by Charles E.), where he lived until his death in 1878, at the age of sixty-nine years. The mother of the subject of this sketch was Hannah Doan, daughter of Ebenezer Doan, who emigrated from Bucks County, Penn., in 1808. Charles E., the mother and three sisters are the survivors of the family. The former has always resided at the homestead, which he received by will from his father, and consists of seventy-five acres, in addition to which he owns one hundred and twenty-five acres on lot 8, concession 2 of this section. His father, Jacob Lundy, was with Mackenzie’s forces during the Rebellion of 1837, and was held a prisoner for a short time.

Charles Lundy, lot 1, concession 2, farmer and machinist, is the son of the late Samuel Lundy, who, with his parents, settled in concession 4 of Whitchurch, at the beginning of the present century. His father married in 1838 Hannah Star, who is still living; their family consisted of five sons and three daughters. Samuel Lundy died in 1860. Charles resided at the old homestead until 1863, when he bought and settled upon his present farm which he continues assiduously to cultivate.

John Calver McCarthy, lot 2, concession 3, was born upon the farm he at present owns. His father, the late R. McCarthy, was born in Rensselaer County, New York State, in 1809, and in 1825 came to Canada. He was only a boy at the time, and almost destitute, walked all the way from Kingston to York. He was variously employed for several years and eventually bought and settled upon the farm located as above. His first purchase was fifty acres from the Crown, to which he added another fifty acres which he purchased from his father, George McCarthy, who came to Canada some time after his son. John Calver, two sisters and his mother survive the father. John C. married in 1877 Margaret, daughter of John Hooper, of this township; she died in May, 1884.

Mrs. B. F. Morrison, lot 1, concession 2, is the daughter of the late Joseph Kinsey. Her father was born in this section and was the son of James Kinsey, who came from Pennsylvania at an early day, and settled on lot 3, east of Yonge Street, in this township, where he resided until his death. Joseph Kinsey was married in 1828 to Clarissa Arnold, who was born in the United States; both died in the year 1835. Mrs. Morrison is one of two daughters who survived their parents; she was married in 1851 to B. F. Morrison, of Youngstown, Niagara County, N. Y., and son of Major Morrison, of that place; their family consists of four sons and three daughters, who are located at various places from the homestead to the Pacific Coast.

W. Morley, proprietor of the grist-mill lately erected at Mount Albert, is a native of Sussex, England, and came with his people to Canada in 1832. They settled first in Perth County, where they lived until the death of the father. Mr. Morley has a grist and saw-mill at Baden, Waterloo County. His present mill in East Gwillimbury has three run of stones; the main building is 30 x 40 x 37 feet, with another structure 38 x 30 feet; the machinery is driven by a fifty horse-power engine. Mr. Morley married Rachael Coe, of Waterloo County.

T. T. Morton, proprietor of the general store, Queensville, is the son of Silas Morton, now living in Michigan, U. S. His father and grandfather were the first to settle in North Gwillimbury, where they located about 1820; the grandfather died there. His father resided on the old homestead until he arrived at maturity, and then purchased lot 18, concession 5, North Gwillimbury, where T. T. Morton, our subject, was born, and which farm is now owned by the latter. Mr. Morton, sen’r, remained on the farm until 1870, when he moved to Michigan. The mother of our subject was Annie Sinclair, who died in 1882. T. T. Morton is one of a family of eight children, and on leaving home engaged in farming in Simcoe County. He subsequently settled upon a farm in this township, and was afterwards engaged in the mercantile business in Ontario County. In 1883 he located in Queensville, and established the business in which he is at present engaged. He married in 1867 Sarah Huntly, of North Gwillimbury Township.

James Parnham, lot 106, concession 1, was born in Nottinghamshire, England, in 1822, and came to Canada with his mother and stepfather when only ten years of age. On their arrival in Toronto in 1832 his mother died from cholera. Subsequently the family went to Newmarket and afterwards to East Gwillimbury, where our subject’s stepfather, George Foster, resided until his death. James, on leaving home, went to live with a sister in Pickering Township, with whom he remained about one year. He then learned the trade of carding and cloth-dressing at Ellerby’s mill, East Gwillimbury, a vocation he followed ten years. He then bought one hundred and forty acres of land, on which he now lives, and to this he has since added another hundred acres, owning now about two hundred and fifty acres of land. Mr. Parnham occupied the position of Reeve of East Gwillimbury for eight years, and was Warden of the County for one year, 1870; these offices he held between 1860 and 1870. He was married to Miss Wright, daughter of George Wright, of Yonge Street, East Gwillimbury; they have one daughter living, having lost their only son when about five years of age.

B. F. Pearson, M.D., Queensville, derives his descent from a family who originally came from Pennsylvania. The grandfather, Benjamin Pearson, came to Canada in 1797, and settled the same year in King Township, York County, where he died in 1817. Of his family only one son, Benjamin P., survives; he is living in Aurora. Nathaniel, deceased, another son, was the father of the subject of this notice. He resided on the old homestead until 1825, when he married Martha W. Watson, daughter of William Watson, one of the early settlers of Whitchurch Township. Nathaniel died in 1880 and his wife died in 1867; two sons and one daughter are all that survive of a family of eight children. B. F. lived on the homestead with his parents until 1860. He spent about three years teaching, and afterwards attended the Victoria Medical College, Toronto, where he graduated, and soon after commenced practising in the Village of Queensville. He was married in 1870 to Mary Wilson, daughter of the late William H. Wilson, of Sharon.

Philip Pentz, proprietor of the grist-mill, Pine Hill, is the son of the late Peter Pentz, a native of Pennsylvania, who came to this country at an early day and settled in Lloydtown. He afterwards returned to the States, where he died in 1842. Philip learned his business in Lloydtown, and afterwards engaged in milling in various parts of the country. He acquired a lease of the above-mentioned mills in 1881, and has since conducted the business. The mill is worked both by steam and water-power, and has three run of stones, doing a large custom business. He was married in 1861 to Catharine Lundy, daughter of Reuben Lundy, of this township.

Daniel Peregine, lot 21, concession 1, was born in England in 1814, and came to Canada with his people when an infant. His father, John Peregine, settled in York County and remained near Toronto about three years, and in 1818 removed to Georgina Township, where he drew land from the Government, and erected the first dwelling-house in that township. He resided there twelve years, and in 1839 sold out and bought the farm where Daniel now lives. He died in 1859; his wife, whose maiden name was Catharine Thomas, followed him three years later. Daniel is one of a family of two sons and one daughter who survive their parents. He married in 1837 Martha Wilson, daughter of the late Titus Wilson, of this section. Mr. Peregine cultivates one hundred and fifty acres. R. F. Peregine, son of the above, resides on the old homestead. He has been twice married, first to Priscilla Defoe, of Belleville, in 1875. His present wife, to whom he was married in 1878, was Hannah Holgate, of Belleville.

A. F. Pringle, M.D., and proprietor of drug store, Mount Albert, is a native of Lennox County, being the son of Wm. Anson Pringle. His grandfather, Joseph Pringle, was a U. E. Loyalist, and was amongst the first settlers in Lennox County; he located in Fredericksburg Township, where he lived until his death. Dr. Pringle was, for many years, a school teacher, and spent ten years in Waterloo County in that capacity. He received his professional education at Trinity College, Toronto, and obtained his degree in 1882. He practised for a time with his brother at Wellandport, and, in 1883, bought the drug business of Dr. Hamill and commenced the practice of medicine in this district.

Harrison Proctor, lot 98, concession 1, was born on lot 100, concession 1 of this township, and is the fifth son of the late Henry Proctor. Both his parents died when he was quite young. He resided on what had been his father’s farm until he was twenty-five years of age, after which he was engaged in farming in different places. He subsequently bought a small farm on Yonge Street, which he afterwards sold and bought the one where he now resides. He was married in 1853 to Mary A. Millard, daughter of the late John Millard; they have one son who is now in charge of the homestead. Mrs. Proctor’s grandfather, Timothy Millard, was a pioneer of Whitchurch.

Isaac Proctor, concession 1, west of Yonge Street, in East Gwillimbury Township. His father, Henry Proctor, was born near Boston, U. S., and settled in York Township in 1800 on the same farm where he, Isaac, was born, and where he lived until his death. Of six sons and twelve daughters who survive him, Isaac is the eldest. Isaac resided on the old homestead until 1840, when he purchased a farm in King Township, where he remained until 1876; he then moved to his present location.

John Salter, lot 12, concession 2, was born near Bath, in Somersetshire, England, and came to Canada in 1851. He settled first at Holland Landing, where he remained about thirteen years, and followed his trade of carpenter. He next settled on lot 108, east of Yonge Street, and engaged in farming, subsequently removing to lot 11, concession 2, where he remained until 1872. He then bought the farm of one hundred and eighty acres, west part of lots 12 and 13, concession 2, where he has since resided. Mr. Salter has been twice married, his first union being with Mary Greenhill, whose death took place in 1863; one daughter survives her. His present wife’s maiden name was Rachel Wright, daughter of the late George Wright, of this township, who came originally from England. He has two sons and two daughters by this marriage.

Samuel Shuttleworth, lot 9, concession 8, is a native of Lincolnshire, England, and emigrated to Canada in 1834. Soon after his arrival in York County he settled on his present farm in East Gwillimbury. He was a pioneer of this section, and came through the woods all the way from Newmarket, following an Indian trail. He has very much improved his property both in the way of cultivation as well as in the erection of buildings. He married in 1838 Nancy Malts, a native of County Donegal, Ireland.

Steeper & Woodcock, proprietors of saw, planing and shingle-mills, and sash, door and blind factory, Mount Albert. This firm is composed of S. Woodcock and Messrs. P. & J. Steeper, and was established in 1883. The planing mill has been running for about eleven years, the business at first being carried on by Woodcock and Grindall, the firm name having been changed several times since then. The working capacity of the saw-mill is about twenty thousand feet per day. The firm are also builders and contractors, and are prepared to fulfil all contracts of that class. Messrs. Steeper Brothers are natives of Lincolnshire, England, and came to Canada in their youth. Their father, David Steeper, settled in Markham Township, where he resided many years, and has only lately removed to this section. The mill building has a frontage of 60 x 50 feet.

Isaac Tool, lots 4 and 5, concession 8, is descended from a family of Welsh origin. His father, the late Moses Tool, was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and came to Canada with his parents Aaron and Rachel (Howard) Tool in 1799. They located near Niagara two years, and then came to York County, settling in Whitchurch Township on a tract of land drawn from Government (lot 29, concession 4), where the old people resided until their death. In 1827 Moses Tool took possession of the farm in this township now occupied by Isaac; it then consisted of four hundred acres, which is now divided, a part being in the hands of Lewis Tool. When the late Mr. Tool first came here but three settlers were located at that end of the section. He died in the year 1882, at the age of eighty-eight years, having survived his wife twenty-two years. His wife’s people were of Welsh origin and U. E. Loyalists, and came from New Brunswick at an early day. Isaac, the subject of this sketch, is one of a family of four sons and one daughter, and was born on the old homestead in Whitchurch Township. He has been thrice married, his first union being with Jerusha Burchard, who died eight years later; she was the mother of five children, only one survived her; this daughter died some time after. His second marriage was with Elizabeth S. Brown, which event took place in 1870; she died in 1876, leaving one son. Mr. Tool’s present wife was Hannah J. Brown, to whom he was married in 1879.

Lewis Tool, lot 4, concession 8, was born on the farm on which he now resides, being the only son of the late Lewis Tool, whose death occurred by an accident from a threshing-machine in 1851. His family consisted of a son and a daughter. Mr. Tool inherited his farm from his grandfather, the late Moses Tool. His mother is still living.

W. J. Turner, general merchant, Queensville, is a native of Newtonbrook, Ireland, and came to Toronto in 1854. He had learned the trade of shoemaker at home which he followed for two years after his arrival here; he then left Toronto, and established himself as a general merchant in Queensville, which he continued for a number of years. He subsequently bought and lived upon a farm in Grey County, and in 1879 returned to Queensville, and after putting in a new stock of goods opened the store which he has since conducted. Mr. Turner has been twice married, his first wife being Eleanor Todd, of King Township; she died in October, 1873, leaving two sons and one daughter, all of whom are now in Manitoba. His second marriage was in April, 1884, to Mrs. G. Stiles, of Queensville, born at Port Perry, whose maiden name was Rosanna Brown.

Joshua Weldon, shoemaker, Queensville, was born in Biddleford, England, and came to Canada in 1855. He came to York County, and settled in this village, in 1858, where he has since carried on the business of shoemaker. He married in 1863 Charlotte A. Marles, daughter of Samuel Marles, of this township; they have five sons and four daughters.

Hugh D. Wilson, farmer, Sharon Post-office, is the son of the late David Wilson, and was born in 1802, where the Village of Sharon now stands. Mr. Wilson was formerly a Custom House Officer, which position he occupied about twenty years, the remainder of his life has been spent in Sharon. He was married in 1823 to Phœbe Wilson, daughter of W. H. Wilson; they have two sons and two daughters.

David L. Wilson, lot 6, concession 2, is the son of Israel Wilson, and grandson of David Wilson, who founded the Church of Davidites or Children of Peace at Sharon. David Wilson, sen’r, came from the State of New York about 1801, and settled with his family in what is now Sharon Village, Israel, the father of David L., being then an infant. Israel lived on the homestead until some time after his marriage with Mary Hughes, daughter of Amos Hughes, a pioneer of this township, and in 1841 settled upon the farm now owned by David L. The latter is the youngest in a family of four children, and has always lived on the old homestead, which he received from his father. He was married in 1869 to Eliza J. Stokes, daughter of John T. Stokes, of Sharon.

Rodney Wilson, lots 13 and 14, concession 3, was born on the farm where he now lives, being the son of John H., and grandson of Hugh D. Wilson, who came to Canada in 1812, and took up their residence in North Gwillimbury. His mother was Rebecca Barr, who died at the age of seventy-two years. Rodney lived for twelve years on concession 5, and took up his residence on the old homestead in the fall of 1882. He married in 1857 Adeline McCarty, daughter of R. McCarty, an early settler in this township, by whom he had one child, a daughter.

TOWNSHIP OF NORTH GWILLIMBURY.

ILLIAM R. ARDELL, lot 10, Lake concession, was born in King’s County, Ireland, in the year 1827, and emigrated to Canada in 1848. On his arrival he settled in North Gwillimbury on the lot which he at present owns. He was married in the year 1857 to Louisa Ann Knowlton, by whom he had nine children, six of whom are still living. The country generally was in a wild state when Mr. Ardell first came, there being no roads at all, and no school nearer than Bellhaven.

James Aldom, lot 19, concession 6, was born in Gloucestershire, England, and emigrated to Canada in 1847 with his parents, being at that time very young. His father, Edwin Aldom, is still living and enjoys good health, being now seventy-six years of age. His mother’s maiden name was Annis Nicolls; she also is living, and is in her seventy-eighth year. James is one of a family of four children, three of whom are living and married, being also in good circumstances. The district, when the family first settled there, was extremely wild, and around the lonely farm-house the wolves howled through the night, awakening them from their hard-earned slumbers and making them feel more than ever how distant they were from a civilized community. The country is changed now, however, and what was once a wilderness is now a rich and productive soil. Towards this result Mr. Aldom has contributed his share, and by his industry and prudence has made himself a comfortable and well-furnished home. The family are members of the English Church.

John Conner, lot 13, concession 6, is the son of John and Hannah Conner. He married Miss Latham, daughter of John and Lydia Latham of North Gwillimbury, by whom he had the following children: Albert, born August 7, 1861; Hannah Victoria, born January 1, 1863; Lydia, born 1865; Jane, born 1866; Sarah Jane, born 1868; Polly Ann, born May 10, 1869; Thomas Wilmot, born October 4, 1870; Emma, born March 4, 1873; Martha, born May 15, 1876.

Joseph D. Davidson, lot 14, concession 6, was born in the Township of Brock, Ontario County, of Scotch parentage, in the year 1849. He removed to Newmarket in 1856, and remained in that neighbourhood about ten years, from which place he came to North Gwillimbury. He has lived on the farm where he now resides for the past twelve years, and was married in 1872 to Eliza Sheppard, daughter of Richard Sheppard, sen’r, one of the old pioneers of the township; they have six children, all of whom are living. Mr. Davidson has been a member of the Township Council for several years, and, in addition to the interest he takes in local government, has contributed not a little to the progress and welfare of the section by the attention he gives to the breeding of Shorthorn cattle, of which he has a very fine herd. By enterprise and industry he has succeeded in establishing for himself a good reputation among his neighbours, and his comfortable home is due to his own labour and his appreciation of what is required for the best comforts of his family.

Thomas Glover, lot 1, concession 5, is a native of Loftus, Cleveland, Yorkshire, England, and was born on January 1, 1811. He emigrated to Canada in the year 1831, and coming to York County located in the neighbourhood of Newmarket. He purchased land in the Township of North Gwillimbury in 1845, which at that time was perfect bush, there being only cow-paths to do duty for roads, and no mill nearer than Newmarket. Mr. Glover was one of the first five Councillors elected for the township. He was married in the year 1835 to Margaret Garbot, by whom he had nine children, seven of whom are living.

Samuel King, lot 1, concession 5, was born in England, and came to Canada in 1856. He first located at Woodstock, where he remained six years, after which he rented a farm in East Gwillimbury for ten years, subsequently purchasing a hotel at Ravenshoe, which he has since continued to conduct. He was married in England to Miss Charlotte Short, by whom he has had eleven children, eight of whom are still living.

Louisa Mann, lots 16 and 17, concession 5, was born in the Township of North Gwillimbury in the year 1827. Her maiden name was Louisa Prossor, being a daughter of John Prossor, Esq. The latter was one of the leading men in the township in the early days and was commissioned a Justice of the Peace; his fatherly advice whilst acting in that capacity is still remembered by many in the section. He was an elder of the Christian Church, and was a devoted and consistent member. He died about the year 1852, deeply regretted by all the old settlers. Mrs. Mann was married in 1844 to Darius Mann; they had a family of five children, four of whom are living.

Squire Morton, deceased, was born in the United States and emigrated to Canada with his parents, Simeon and Elizabeth (Squires) Morton, in 1801. He was then three years of age, and continued to reside on the homestead until 1817, when he married Sybelia, daughter of Darius Mann. He first settled in North Gwillimbury, subsequently removing to concession 4 of East Gwillimbury Township. His family consisted of ten children—four sons and six daughters; by industry and perseverance he secured for them a comfortable home. He was a man of strong religious convictions, and in the capacity of minister for the Canadian Christian Church did a great deal of good in his section. He died in 1867, at the age of seventy years. Darius Morton, lot 8, concession 5, the second son of the above, was born on May 19, 1820, and lived with his parents until twenty-one years of age. In commencing life for himself, he settled on the farm in North Gwillimbury Township, which he still occupies. He married Deborah Phœbe, daughter of Captain N. McArthur, of Ameliasburg, Ontario, by whom he had three sons and four daughters. On the death of his first wife he married her sister, Elizabeth McArthur; he has two sons and one daughter by his present wife.

Edward Ross, lot 12, concession 5, was born in North Gwillimbury Township in the year 1839. He was married in 1858; no issue.

Richard Shepperd, lot 16, concession 5, was born in King’s County, Ireland, and emigrated to Canada in 1827, settling in North Gwillimbury the same year. At that time the absence of roads, schools, churches and other elements of civilization added greatly to the inconvenience and labour of the early settler. Mr. Shepperd was married in 1836 to Chloe Willingsby, by whom he had sixteen children, twelve of whom are still living.

George Tomlinson, lot 15, concession 2, is the son of George and Mary (Garlic) Tomlinson, who came to Canada in 1831, and located in this section the year following. His father died June 30, 1859, his mother died July 3, 1854. Their family consisted of four sons and one daughter. George remained at home until he was twenty-two years of age; he then commenced for himself, and after locating in two or three different parts of the section, finally settled on his present lot. He has acquired other lands besides that which he resides on, and owns about eight hundred and sixty acres in the township. He married Miss Mitchell in the year 1836, by whom he has had nine children, seven of whom survive; their names being as follow; Sarah Ann, born October 4, 1837, died February 19, 1884; Ezery Bartlett, born November 23, 1839; Mary Jane, born May 3, 1842; Priscilla P. T., born June 17, 1846; Hannah L., born April 26, 1848; Ida, born July 11, 1851, died February 6, 1855; Elizabeth, born January 4, 1854; Isabella, born July 14, 1856, and George W., born March 28, 1859. Mr. Tomlinson has been a member of the Council for several years. He is a regular attendant of the Methodist Church, and has given largely towards the erection of churches in the section.

R. M. Van Norman, merchant, Keswick P. O., was born in North Gwillimbury in 1845. His father, David Van Norman, was born near Kingston in 1815, and is still living. His mother’s maiden name was Eunice Crittenden, who was born in North Gwillimbury in 1820, and died in 1857. Our subject is one of a family of twelve children, and began life as a farmer. He afterwards established his present business, and was appointed Postmaster of Keswick in 1873. In 1880 Mr. Van Norman was elected a member of the Township Council, and was Reeve for 1884. He has always taken great interest in matters municipal. He belongs to the Christian Church, and is a Reformer in politics.

Samuel Winch, lots 18 and 19, concession 4, was born in this township in the year 1829, and in 1850 was married to Ann Williams; they have a family of seven children, who are all living. Mr. Winch, by industry and perseverance, has succeeded in making a comfortable home for himself and family.

Alfred Wyndham was born in Dorsetshire, England, in 1837. His father, Alexander W. Wyndham, was born in Dinton, Wiltshire, England; and held the rank of Captain in the famous Dragoon Regiment known as the Scots Greys; he died in January, 1869. His mother’s maiden name was Emma Trevelyan, a native of Somersetshire, England; she died in 1857. Alfred was one in a family of nine children, and was educated at the Sherbourne (England) Grammar School, and the Gosport Naval School. He served in the Wiltshire Militia as Lieutenant during the Crimean War. Mr. Wyndham was married in Toronto in 1859 to Caroline Elizabeth Stuart, who was born in London in 1837; they have ten children, viz.; Alexander, Agnes Stuart, Walter, Trevelyan, Ernest Alfred, Spencer, Charles Wadham, Beatrice Ida, Julia, Mary Sophia and John Stuart. Mr. Wyndham is Lieutenant-Colonel of the 12th Battalion York Rangers. He is a Conservative in politics, and an adherent of the English Church.

TOWNSHIP OF GEORGINA.

AMES BAINE, lot 10, concession 1, is the son of Samuel Baine, who emigrated from the County of Antrim in the year 1832, and coming to York County, Upper Canada, settled in Toronto. He moved to the Township of Scott in 1849, where he brought up his family. The mother of James was Jane Bone, of English parentage.

Kenneth Cameron, lots 10 and 11, concession 4, was formerly a non-commissioned officer in the 93rd (Sutherland) Highlanders. He emigrated to Canada in 1838, and locating first in Toronto was there married to Mary Murray. He subsequently moved to the Township of Thora, Ontario County, and from there to Georgina, where by industry and hard work he has succeeded in accumulating a very comfortable property. He had ten children born to him, eight of whom are living and in good positions.

Murdock S. Chapman, lot 1, concession 4, was born in the Township of Georgina, York County, in 1852. He is a son of Mr. Seth Chapman.

Richard Cromsberry, lot 15, concession 7, was born in the Township of Georgina in 1859, on the farm he at present occupies. In the year 1881 he married Alice Ann, eldest daughter of Richard Dalton, J.P., Georgina Township. His father, Benjamin Cromsberry, emigrated from Limerick, Ireland, in the year 1848, and settled first in the Township of Brock, afterwards settling in Georgina. His mother’s name was Matilda Jackson.

Arthur Doidge, lot 15, concession 5, was born in Devonshire, England, 1828, and emigrated to Canada in 1855. He came at once to York County, and located in Sutton Village, from which place he removed to Queensville. He afterwards occupied lot 11, concession 5 of Georgina Township, where he remained fifteen years, and subsequently took possession of the lot where he now resides. He has had the usual hardships to contend with, which fall to the lot of the pioneer; but, by perseverance, industry and economy, has got together a comfortable home. Mr. Doidge was married before he left England to Margaret Honey, of Plymouth, by whom he has twelve children, seven only are living.

Mark Kay, lot 7, concession 6, is the son of Joseph Kay, who emigrated from near Hull, Yorkshire, England, in 1829. Mr. Kay, sen’r, married in England, his family consisted of fourteen children, twelve of whom are still living. On his arrival in York County he settled in Georgina Township, and had in the early days to go all the way to Holland Landing to the nearest grist-mill.

Peter Laviolette, lots 23 and 25, concession 7, was born in the Village of Sorel, Quebec Province, in the year 1823. In 1833 his father and family moved to the City of Montreal, where Mr. Laviolette, sen’r, followed the occupation of shoemaker. Peter travelled about a good deal in his younger days, during which he lived some time in the City of New York. He came to Georgina in 1851, but did not remain long on his first visit, he being absent about two years in the Huron District previous to locating permanently. He married in the year 1842 Jane Duck, by whom he has a family of six sons and four daughters. Four of his children are living in Georgina, and he has two sons in the United States.

William Moore, lot 21, concession 5, was born in the County of Limerick, Ireland, in the year 1849, and emigrated to Canada in 1865. He settled in the Township of Brock, Ontario County, and lived there until 1877, when he removed to his present locality. He was married in the year 1874 to Rebecca Ann Edwards, by whom he had four children; three of them are still living.

William Morris, lot 24, concession 6, was born in the Township of Georgina in 1853 on the farm on which he at present resides. His father was George Morris, a native of Ayrshire, Scotland, who settled on the farm above-mentioned at an early day, the country being then very wild and the roads merely chopped out and all but impassable.

Walter S. Rae, lot 13, concession 6, was born in the Township of Georgina in the year 1833, being the son of John Rae, who emigrated from Scotland. In the early days of settlement Mr. Rae tells us that the only road in the township was the one leading from Sutton to Beaverton. The school-house was a small log-building, although teaching was mostly done on the “boarding out” system, the payment being twenty-five cents per month for each scholar. Mr. Rae was married in the year 1866 to Selina Honey, who was born in England; they have a family of three children. Mr. Rae, by economy and perseverance, has got together a comfortable home.

Archibald Riddell, lot 8, concession 3, whose birth-place is in the Parish of East Kilbride, Lanarkshire, Scotland, emigrated to Canada in the year 1829. He remained four years in Quebec Province, and then removed to the vicinity of Hamilton and in 1838 settled in Georgina Township. He was married in 1840 to Catharine Munroe; they had twelve children, eight of whom are living. Four of his sons are settled in the township and all in prosperous circumstances.

Robert Riddell, lot 1, concession 5, is a native of the Parish of East Kilbride, Lanarkshire, Scotland, and emigrated to Canada in the year 1829. On his arrival he located in the County of Harlington, Quebec Province, where he remained about ten years, after which he took up his residence in Montreal and worked for the Hon. John Molson. The cholera being very bad, Robert took his departure from Montreal and came west to Dundas, where he stayed until the fall of 1834, when he came to Georgina Township and located on the farm where he now resides. He was married in Toronto in the latter part of 1834, his wife’s maiden name being Elizabeth McConachie; they have six children all living. In the early days of settlement they had to carry grain on their backs to Sutton to be ground.

Ezra Sherwood, lot 13, concession 5, was born in the Township of North Gwillimbury in the year 1817, being the son of Thomas and Annie (Mitchell) Sherwood. His maternal grandfather was the second settler in North Gwillimbury. When our subject was a boy they had to carry their grain to mill at Sutton, and he remembered when there was only one house in Sutton, besides the store. His grandfather assisted to make the first mill in that village, and came very near losing his life at the time.

THE END.

TRANSCRIBER NOTES

Obviously misspelled words and printer errors have been corrected. Where multiple spellings occur, majority use has been employed.

In several cases, dates appear to be incorrect, but these were not changed.

Punctuation has been maintained except where obvious printer errors occur.

Some illustrations were moved to facilitate page layout.

[The end of History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario Volume 2 of 2 by Charles Pelham Mulvany et al.]